scholarly journals A study of cervical Papanicolaou smears examination in patients with abnormal vaginal discharge

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Komal Patel ◽  
R. N. Hathila ◽  
Pallavi Chaudhri ◽  
Siddhi M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Pap Screening

Background: Reproductive tract infection represents major public health problem in developing countries. Cervical infections are common problems among women of reproductive age and associated with clinical complaints of vaginal discharge. Pap smear is a screening test to diagnose various abnormal pathology of cervix. Aims and objectives of this study was to identify various causes of vaginal discharge and frequency of various pathogenic microorganisms in cervical smear.Methods: This was hospital based descriptive study carried out on 300 female patients who attended obstetrics and gynecology clinic at tertiary care hospital with compliant of vaginal discharge. Cervical smear samples were collected, conventional smears were prepared by trained technical staff and stained using Papanicolaou (Pap) technique.Results: The most common age group affected with vaginal discharge was 26 to 35 years with 115 cases. The most common associated symptom was lower abdominal pain seen in 75 cases. Most frequent findings on per speculum examination was thick whitish discharge in 186 cases and the most common pathogenic organism found was Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) in 177 cases.Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for educating women of rural community to raise the awareness for cervical Pap screening.

scholarly journals Per-vaginal Findings among the Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Tahamina Khanum ◽  
Nasima Begum ◽  
Kazi Mobina Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Perineal Tear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cervical Motion ◽  
Cervical Motion Tenderness

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a major health problem for adult female. Women presented with pelvic inflammatory diseases give different per-vaginal findings. So we designed this study to assess the per-vaginal findings among the women presented with pelvic inflammatory diseases.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to measure the pervaginal findings among the women with PID.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka during January to June 2007. Women in the age group of 15−45 years presented with lower abdominal pain, tenderness, per-vaginal discharge and cervical motion tenderness were included in this study. After taking verbal consent from the patients, a pre-designed data collection sheet was filled in after per-vaginal examination.Results: The study was done on 50 cases, of which 20% patients had 1st degree perineal tear, 6% had utero-vaginal prolapse and 24% had foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Majority (90%) patients had healthy vagina. Ninety percent patients had anteverted uterus; and uterus was mobile in 60% cases. Cervical motion tenderness was present in 44% cases, tenderness of fornix was found in 34% cases and thickening of fornix was found in 22%.Conclusion: In this study first degree perineal tear, foul smelling vaginal discharge and cervical motion tenderness are the commonest findings among the women presented with pelvic inflammatory diseases.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 90-93

scholarly journals Study of anaemia profile in a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Appu Patil
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Systemic Examination ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem worldwide especially in developing countries like India. Nutritional cause of anaemia continues to predominate as the most common cause of anaemia. Objective of this study is to determine the clinical and laboratory profile of anaemia among patients admitted to our hospital.Methods: Our study was a prospective study in which thirty nine patients of anemia admitted to Medicine ward in SNMC and HSK hospital were studied for their clinical and laboratory characteristics. Duration of the study was 7 months from July 2019 to January 2020.Results: Anaemia was more common among females (65.1% of total patients). Patients aged less than 60 years contributed to 85% of patients. Pallor was the universal finding present in 100% of patients. On systemic examination haemic murmurs on auscultation was the most common finding present in 28.2% followed by hepatomegaly (17.94%). Microcytic and dimorphic anaemia constitute the bulk of anaemia.Conclusions: Nutritional anaemia particularly iron deficiency anaemia is the most common cause of anaemia. It tends to affect the working age group and females predominantly. Patients continue to present with severe anaemia to the hospital.

scholarly journals Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Rathi ◽  
Sumit Ashok Hajare ◽  
Saurabh Jaiswal ◽  
Sandip Agrawal ◽  
Abhijit Kherde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) pose a major health, social and economic problem worldwide, predominantly in developing countries like India. It is essential to understand the current patterns of STIs in the various regions of the country in order to plan and implement strategies to control the spread of infection. Aim: To study the pattern of STIs among patients attending the STI clinic. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of data obtained retrospectively from case records over last seven years (January 2013-December 2019) from STI clinic at a tertiary care hospital at Nagpur. The demographic details, detailed history, clinical findings were noted and relevant investigations were performed. The patients were diagnosed as per syndromic approach and subjected to serologic tests for syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The data was analysed by using MS Excel and Epi Info software, and percentage, mean, standard deviation and proportions were calculated. Results: Out of the total 4471 cases, 2807 (62.8%) were males and 1664 (37.2%) were females. The most commonly observed STI was balanoposthitis, followed by cervico-vaginal discharge, Genital Ulcerative Disease- Herpetic (GUD-H), anogenital warts, molluscum contagiosum, GUD-nonherpetic, urethral discharge, lower abdominal pain and inguinal bubo. The proportion of viral STIs was 33.5% (1495 cases) and bacterial STIs were 4.3% (191 cases). The most commonly observed STI was balanoposthitis in males and cervico-vaginal discharge in females. Newly diagnosed cases of HIV were 1.4% (61 cases) of total cases. Conclusion: The proportion of viral STIs was higher compared to bacterial STIs. The prevalence of HIV among study population was 3.9%. Since STIs are indicators of high risk sexual behaviour in the community and a major health burden with risk of development of HIV, prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment of STIs is necessary.

scholarly journals Composition of Vaginal microbiota and their antibiotic susceptibility in symptomatic women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Ushadevi Gopalan ◽  
Sathiyakala Rajendiran ◽  
Karthika Jayakumar ◽  
Ranganathan Karnaboopathy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent lower genital tract infection in women of reproductive age. The aim of this study was to identify the causative organism in patients with vaginal discharge and to study the sensitivity of the organism to antibiotics.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. 2062 women with complaints of vaginal discharge were subjected to a high vaginal swab and the sample was cultured, the organisms were identified and antibiotic susceptibility was tested.Results: There was no growth found in 40.7% of patients. E. coli was found to be the most common organism isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and Klebsiella oxytoca. Candida species was isolated in 1.4 % of women. An increased frequency of vaginal infection was found in the age group 26-35 years, followed by age group 36-45 years. 73.2% of the organisms were sensitive to Imipenam, 70.4 % to Amikacin and 65.7% to Gentamycin. There were 10 MRSA strains isolated all of which were sensitive to Vancomycin, Amikacin and Gentamycin.Conclusions: Our study provides information about the different microorganisms present in women with vaginal discharge. Since pathogenic bacteria were more common than Candida species it is recommended to offer treatment to patients after taking a high vaginal swab. Appropriate antibiotics based on culture and sensitivity has to be given along with antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of vaginal discharge among married women of reproductive age group at a teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4840
Author(s):  
Indira Guntoory ◽  
Narasinga R. Tamaraba ◽  
Lakshmana R. Nambaru ◽  
Alina S. Kalavakuri
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection

Background: Vaginal discharge is the commonest reproductive tract infection among rural women in many community based studies in India. Recent evidence shows that the association between vaginal discharge and reproductive tract infection is weak. Psychosocial factors also contribute to vaginal discharge. So, the problem of vaginal discharge can be best understood not only in the biomedical perspective but also in the socio-cultural perspective. Proper understanding of this problem helps in initiating appropriate medical education programmes and framing health policies. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal discharge, the socio demographic factors associated with it, women’s perceptions of vaginal discharge and their treatment seeking behaviour.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MIMS, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. Women with the complaint of vaginal discharge were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire and sociodemographic details, details of obstetric history and contraceptive practices, personal and menstrual hygiene were noted. Statistical analysis of the significance of association of different variables was done.Results: The prevalence of vaginal discharge was found to be 28.99%. Its prevalence was found to be more in the younger age group, illiterate, women belonging to lower socioeconomic status and those who were married at less than 18 years of age. History of induced abortion, home deliveries, permanent method of sterilization, availability of toilet facility at home were significantly associated with vaginal discharge. Lower abdominal pain, dysuria and backache were the most prevalent co-morbidities with vaginal discharge.Conclusions: Improvement of the literacy rate, economic status and women’s empowerment will help to mitigate the problem of vaginal discharge.

scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Seropositive Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Chugh ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garg ◽  
Rashmi Sarkar ◽  
Kabir Sardana
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem both in developing and in developed countries, and especially with the co-synergy with HIV infection, there is an increasing need to have a proper understanding of the clinicodemographic patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for planning and implementing control strategies. Worldwide, there is an increased preponderance of viral STIs. Increasing incidence and altered clinical presentation of viral STIs in patients with HIV pose a diagnostic challenge; thereby, we studied the demographic profile of HIV-seropositive patients and compared clinical manifestations of viral STIs in HIV-seropositive patients to those in seronegative individuals. Twenty-seven HIV-seropositive patients with viral STI (herpes/molluscum/warts) and same number of age-, sex-, and STI-matched seronegative patients were studied for variability in clinical profile. There were significant differences in the demographic factors (education, income, and migration) and sexual practices (number of contacts and source of infection) in the 2 groups. Lesional symptoms, increased extent of lesions, and resistance to treatment were significantly more common in HIV-seropositive patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and outcome of anaemia among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospital in Visakhapatnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Radha Kumari Paladugu ◽  
Srinivas Jagath Pentakota ◽  
Sushma N.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Study Population

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is now considered as a major public health problem, caused by iron deficiency. WHO has estimated that prevalence of anaemia in developed and developing countries in pregnant women is 14% in developed countries and 51 percent in developing countries and 65-75% in India. Various programmes regarding anaemia prophylaxis and maternal health have been implemented but still the prevalence of anaemia related complications among pregnant women continues to be high. Hence the present study was conducted to study the prevalence and pregnancy outcome as a result of anaemia in a tertiary care center in Visakhapatnam. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out from June 2016 to August 2016 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology among postnatal women in King George hospital, Visakhapatnam. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and information regarding age, socioeconomic status, parity, gestational age interval between pregnancies and outcome and complication of pregnancy were collected. Results: Mean age of study population is 22.4 years. Out of 100 women involved in the study 65 are from urban areas 29 from rural areas and 6 from tribal areas. Majority of the study population 66% were having HB% between 8-11% i.e. mild anaemia. When Outcome of pregnancy was seen in relation to anaemia majority of the women had live births (90%) followed by 7% IUDs and 2% still births. Conclusions: Majority of the women are in the age group of 20-24 years. Socioeconomic status is directly related to anaemic status of the women. Majority of the women had complication of puerperal sepsis. 

scholarly journals To assess the prevalence of STI/RTI using syndromic case management in the urban health centre area of greater Visakhapatnam municipal corporation, Andhra Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Srinivas Rao Ganta ◽  
K. K. L. Prasad ◽  
P. J. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urban Health Centre

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases remain a major public health problem in many parts of the world. 340 million new cases of curable STIS occur every year. 75 to 85% are seen in developing countries and rank second as the cause of healthy life lost among women of reproductive age group, after maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: The study was conducted at Rama Murthy Pantulu Peta in the field area of urban health centre of greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, Visakhapatnam during September 2015 to October 2016. The study design was a community based descriptive study. Based on the prevalence of STI as stated by National AIDS Control Organization, a sample of 1541 is calculated.Results: The overall prevalence of RTI/STI in our study is 18.88%. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of STI/RTI among female respondents is found to be 27.97%. Majority of females complained of vaginal discharge (26.68%),vulvas itching (10%), lower abdominal pain (6.34%) followed by abnormal vaginal bleeding (5.91%).The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of RTI/STI is found to be 9.75% among male respondents and majority complained of Urethral Discharge (8.4%) followed by inguinal/scrotal swelling (5.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of Reproductive tract infections is more in females when compared to males in our study. Health education regarding the sexual and personal hygiene should be targeted to both males and females so as to decrease the prevalence of Sexual transmitted diseases in the urban health centre areas of Visakhapatnam. 

scholarly journals A clinical and microbiological profile of urinary tract infection in patients with chronic kidney diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Siddharth Pugalendhi ◽  
Tarun Kumar Dutta ◽  
Hemachandar R. ◽  
Lokesh S.
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major public health problem in terms of morbidity and financial cost in CKD patients in India. The resistance pattern of community acquired uropathogens in CKD patients has not been extensively studied. Thus, knowledge of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common uropathogens is essential for prudent empiric therapy of community acquired UTIs.Methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital involving 65 chronic kidney disease patients with UTI who attended general medicine OPD and those admitted in wards after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after obtaining written informed consent. Blood sample and urine samples were collected from these patients and sent for blood analysis, urine analysis and urine culture and sensitivity.Results: Among 65 CKD participants with UTI who were studied, E. coli (47.7%) and K. pneumoniae (15.4%) were the most common isolates which were sensitive in order of colistin, polymyxin B, meropenem (carbapenem) and less sensitive to other commonly used antibiotics.Conclusions: The main purpose of this study was to find the various common local uropathogens in CKD patients and their antibiotic profile which will help in formulating antibiotic therapies. As previously stated, there are very few studies regarding profile and management of UTI in CKD patients. Hence this study can throw some light into this area.

scholarly journals Time series analysis of dengue cases reporting to a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Ravindra S. Kembhavi ◽  
Saurabha U. S.
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The City

Background: Dengue fever is a major public health problem, the concern is high as the disease is closely related to climate change.Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted for 1 year in a tertiary care hospital in the city of Mumbai. Data of Dengue cases and climate for the city of Mumbai between 2011 and 2015 were obtained. Data was analysed using SPSS- time series analysis and forecasting model.Results: 33% cases belonged to the 21-30 years, proportion of men affected were more than women. A seasonal distribution of cases was observed. A strong correlation was noted between the total number of cases reported and (a) mean monthly rainfall and (b) number of days of rainfall. ARIMA model was used for forecasting.Conclusions: The trend analysis along with forecasting model helps in being prepared for the year ahead. 

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