scholarly journals A study on prevalence of symptomatic not confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis under 5 to 15 years of age in protein energy malnutrition children in a tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Kumar Das ◽  
Monalisa Subudhi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition are important causes of morbidity and mortality in  children, in developing countries. Tuberculosis  can be a  cause of  malnutrition in children and also a common cause of pneumonia  in such malnourished children. In the present study ,our aim is to know the  prevalence and early clinical diagnosis of symptomatic not confirmed TB, in recent challenging environment,  in protein energy malnutrition  children, this information would certainly help clinicians in early detection, diagnosis and management of PTB (Pulmonary Tuberculosis) in such populations ,to reduce morbidity and mortality.Methods: We prospectively investigated protein energy malnutrition children, with clinical features of tuberculosis, between 5 to 15 years of age , admitted during 18 months of study period. Clinical and demographic data  of studied children were collected. Anthropometric (Height and Weight) measurement and physical examination were made. PEM (Protein energy malnutrition) children were classified according to Indian academy of pediatric classification. History of BCG vaccination and exposure to contact were inquired. Chest radiography was done for all  children in our study.Results: A total of 150 protein energy malnutrition children, between 5 to 15 years, admitted over 18 months  period were  studied. Majority of children were female as compared to male and under 5 to 10 years of age. Out of these, symptomatic not confirmed pulmonary TB 93 (62%) and Extra pulmonary TB 18 (12%) and Non TB cases were 39 (26%). According to Grade of PEM, symptomatic not confirmed pulmonary TB cases under grade III were 45 (48.5%) and 35 (37.6%) were under grade II .Conclusions: Pulmonary tuberculosis may be a common cause of pneumonia in malnourished children and  the cause of death in these population. So  Its frequency and early clinical detection ,even without microbiological confirmation and supportive evidence and treatment guideline should be made by more further study. So that, it  will help clinicians to treat these population to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Abstract 147: Hypertension-related Admission and Mortality at a Referral Hospital in Tanzania - A Call to Action

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Shike ◽  
Santosh Vardhana ◽  
Judith Briant ◽  
Robert Peck
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Reasonable Approach

Introduction The WHO has been increasingly emphasizing and calling for research on the vast unattended burden of non-communicable diseases in the developing world. Hypertension (HTN) in particular is thought to play a growing role in morbidity and mortality in these regions, but has yet to gain significant momentum in public health initiatives. Objective To determine what role HTN and comorbid diseases play in admission and mortality in Bugando Medical Center (BMC), a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania serving 13 million people. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to the internal medicine service at BMC over 34 months between 2008 and 2011. Data on admission diagnoses and mortality had been collected prospectively by Tanzanian doctors in hand-written logs. For patients with heart failure or stroke, the ward logs specified if this was primarily related to hypertension or other risk factors. Data were copied into an Excel database and analyzed to determine the proportion of admissions and deaths primarily related to hypertension. Results In 34 months 8,037 patients were admitted and 1,508 died. HTN-related disease led to 1,997 admissions (25%), while HIV-related illness led to 2,076 (26%). Similarly, HTN led to 377 deaths (25%) and HIV to 579 (38%). HTN-related disease was second only to HIV-related disease as a cause of admission and death. Among hypertensives, the most common cause of admission was congestive heart failure (446; 27%) and of death was stroke (147; 49%). In non-hypertensives, HIV-related disease was the most common cause of both admission (2029; 32%) and death (566; 46%). Conclusions HTN-related disease was second only to HIV as a cause of admission to our hospital and in-hospital death. Better strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of HTN are desperately need in sub Saharan Africa to prevent this morbidity and mortality. Building HTN screening and treatment on top of the extensive infrastructure for HIV disease may be a reasonable approach.

scholarly journals Evaluation of children with protein energy malnutrition and level of malaria parasitemia in Kwara State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishat Oluwatoyin Saka ◽  
Mohammed Jamiu Saka ◽  
Lateefat Olayinka Sa’adu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Malaria Parasitemia ◽  
Protein Energy

Malaria and Protein-Energy-Malnutrition (PEM) are two major causes of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria can predispose a child to PEM and the reverse may also be true. Recent studies have presented inconsistent findings about nutritional status and the occurrence of malaria among the children. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between PEM and malaria parasitemia if any. A case control study in which 90 children diagnosed for PEM (aged 6-59 months), and another well-nourished 90 children age and sex-matched controls were evaluated for malaria parasitemia. A semi-structured proforma was used to obtain relevant information on the children’s sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional indices amongst others. Venous blood sample was collected and thick and thin blood film were prepared and viewed under the microscope. Malaria parasitemia was present in 82 (91.1%) of malnourished group and 12 (13.3%) of the well-nourished group (P<0.05 OR=66.62). Malaria parasitemia was highest in those with kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor compared with underweight. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The study demonstrates that malnourished children have higher degree of malaria parasitemia and are at risk of malaria. It also shows that severe forms of malnutrition are associated with heavier malaria parasitemia. It is therefore recommended that all malnourished children should have access to use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN), malaria chemoprophylaxis as well as empiric treatment of malaria in endemic areas where access to malaria parasite diagnosis is difficult.

Increased Food Intake after the Addition of Amylase-Rich Flour to Supplementary Food for Malnourished Children in Rural Communities of Bangladesh

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
M. A. Wahed ◽  
Shaheen Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Nutrition ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Added Water

Background In Bangladesh, as in other developing countries, protein–energy malnutrition is most prevalent among children during weaning. After weaning, children are often fed cereal-based diluted low-calorie porridge, resulting in growth-faltering. Objective To assess the effect on food intake of adding amylase-rich flour (ARF) from germinated wheat to supplementary food among children in nine rural Community Nutrition Centers under the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project (BINP). Methods A total of 166 malnourished children of either sex, aged 6 to 24 months, received one of three diets randomly allocated to the Community Nutrition Centers. The composition of the diets was the same; however, the consistency and calorie density were altered by adding either ARF or water. Thirty-five children received the standard supplementary food of the BINP (S-SF), 65 received supplementary food with added ARF (ARF-SF), and 66 received supplementary food with added water (W-SF). The children were studied for six weeks. Results The mean ± SD intake of supplementary food from a single meal by children completing six weeks on the diets was higher for children receiving ARF-SF (33.91 ± 8.25 g) than for those receiving S-SF (25.66 ± 6.73 g) or W-SF (30.26 ± 8.39 g) (p < .05 for both comparisons). The weight of vomited food was significantly higher for children receiving W-SF than for children in the other two groups. Weight gain and increments in length and weight-for-height were higher for children who received ARF-SF than for children in the other two groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The acceptability of ARF-SF was higher than that of the two other diets. The additional cost of adding 2 g of ARF to the diet was about Taka 0.25 (US$1 = Taka 48). Conclusions Addition of ARF to existing standard supplementary food, as used under the BINP program, is a simple and effective means to increase the intake of food by changing its consistency, thus making it easier for malnourished children to ingest.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Study of Lymphocyte Subsets in Malnourished and Well-Nourished Children with Bacterial Infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oralia Nájera ◽  
Cristina González ◽  
Guadalupe Toledo ◽  
Laura López ◽  
Rocío Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy

ABSTRACT Protein-energy malnutrition is the primary cause of immune deficiency in children across the world. It has been related to changes in peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of infection and malnutrition on the proportion of peripheral-lymphocyte subsets in well-nourished non-bacterium-infected (WN), well-nourished bacterium-infected (WNI), and malnourished bacterium-infected (MNI) children by flow cytometry. A prospectively monitored cohort of 15 MNI, 12 WNI, and 17 WN children was studied. All the children were 3 years old or younger and had only bacterial infections. Results showed a significant decrease in the proportion of T CD3+ (P < 0.05 for relative and P < 0.03 for absolute values), CD4+ (P < 0.01 for relative and absolute values), and CD8+ (P < 0.05 for relative values) lymphocyte subsets in WNI children compared to the results seen with WN children. Additionally, B lymphocytes in MNI children showed significant lower values (CD20+ P < 0.02 for relative and P < 0.05 for absolute values) in relation to the results seen with WNI children. These results suggest that the decreased proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets observed in WNI children were associated with infection diseases and that the incapacity to increase the proportion of B lymphocyte was associated with malnutrition. This low proportion of B lymphocytes may be associated with the mechanisms involved in the immunodeficiency of malnourished children.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE VARIOUS ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mukesh Kumar Mandawariya ◽  
Dr. Nalin Joshi ◽  
Dr. S.P. Agnihotri ◽  
Rekha Mandawariya
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Given

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (PSP) affect patients who do not have clinically apparent lung disorders.  Secondary pneumothoraces occur in the setting of underlying pulmonary disease.  Methods: A total of 100 patients, including both males and females, admitted during the given period to the hospital with a diagnosis of spontaneous Pneumothorax (SP) were included in the study after applying to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: COPD was the most common cause (45.6%) followed by Tuberculosis (30%). Silicosis was seen in 18.9% of SSP cases. Other less common causes were Bronchiectasis (3.3%), Pneumonia (1.1%) and Malignancy (1.1%). Conclusion:  Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is far more common than primary spontaneous pneumothoraces and COPD is the predominant underlying cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax followed by pulmonary tuberculosis. We also found that silicosis is a significant contributor to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, after COPD and pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords: COPD, TB, Etiology

scholarly journals Serum albumin as predictor of post-operative morbidity and mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Latika Sharma ◽  
Poojan M. Purohit ◽  
Dharmendra Pipal ◽  
Saurabh Kothari ◽  
Harshit Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Operative Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: Protein energy malnutrition affects every organ system. So correct assessment of nutritional status is important as malnourishment is a risk factor for morbidity and morality in surgical patients. In our study, serum albumin has been taken as parameter for nutritional assessment.Methods: Study is conducted on 50 patients admitted in Department of General Surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College and associated Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India for surgeries during January 2014-December 2015. Data was analyzed using Z-test and Fischer exact t-test and p value was calculated. P value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.Results: Patients with serum albumin <3gm/dl had more complications with maximum number of complications in age group of 41-60 year group. This finding was statistically significant.Conclusions: Low serum albumin patients has more post-operative complication than those with normal level and so is a good indicator of post-operative morbidity and mortality.

The social environment of malnourished children compared with that of other children in Jamaica

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Sheffer ◽  
S. M. Grantham-McGregor ◽  
S. J. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Home Stimulation ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Poor Neighbourhood ◽  
Malnourished Group

SummaryThis investigation was part of a longitudinal study of mental development of seventeen Jamaican children who were admitted to hospital with severe protein energy malnutrition. The children were compared with 20 adequately nourished children who were admitted to hospital for other reasons.Previous research had shown that, 1 month after the children left hospital, both groups had similar scores on a modified Caldwell Inventory of Home Stimulation. When, in the present investigation, the inventory was repeated 24 months later, scores remained similar in both groups. When compared with data collected from a survey in a poor neighbourhood, again the scores of the neighbourhood children were similar to those of the malnourished group. The malnourished children were however living in poorer houses and had failed to catch up to the other groups in nutritional status.Comparison of these findings with those from other countries suggests that the ecology of malnutrition differs in different cultures and that Jamaican mothers of malnourished children are characterized by poverty rather than poor maternal–child relationships.It also appears that, at this age, poor levels of home stimulation were not a major factor in producing the deficit in development manifested by the malnourished group.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K.G.R. Mallan ◽  
A. Fathahudeen ◽  
Manjula V.D.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Kerala State

Aim : To Determine the seroprevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus infection among Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care teaching institution, in Ernakulam district of Kerala state in India. Methods : Study was conducted in Respiratory medicine department and integrated counselling and testing centre (ICTC) of Government Medical College, Ernakulam With approval of IEC after getting written informed consent , a cross sectional study was conducted among 384 pulmonary TB patients who were registered under the National TB elimination Programme (RNTCP). Result :The prevalence of HIV among study population was 1.3 %. There was no gender difference while the highest age group less than 30 followed by 30-60. The major respiratory pathology among study subjects was consolidation (42.7%) followed by fibrosis(25.3%).Consolidation was a predominant presenting pathology seen in female pulmonary TB patients.The sensitivity of sputum smear against CBNAAT was 60.4% and specificity was 83%. Conclusion : The prevalence is low compared with the national average of 3 to 3.4 % HIV co infection among Tuberculosis patients during the study period.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of pulmonary tuberculosis and MDR TB in children at tertiary medical institute

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2571
Author(s):  
Anupama Vinayak Mauskar ◽  
Amrit Gopan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: India is the country with highest burden of TB. There is paucity of data as far as Pediatric TB is concern. TB in children directly reflects intensity of on-going transmission of TB in a given community. This study was done including indoor cases of Pediatric pulmonary TB in a medical college hospital, a tertiary care institute in the city of Mumbai. The aim and objectives of this study the clinical profile and outcome of Pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis/MDR TB in an indoor setting of a tertiary care center. It was a clinical observational study in a setting of medical college hospital.Methods: All admitted children with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB were included in study. A detailed clinical analysis was done. Statistical Analysis Association between two qualitative data was assessed by Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test for all 2 X 2 tables where Chi-Square test was not valid due to small counts. Comparison of quantitative data measured between two outcomes was done using unpaired t-test. PSPP version 0.8.5 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Total of 41 patients with pulmonary TB were included in the study, making admission rate of 0.7% of total admission. Three out of 41 children had MDRTB making incidence 7% of total TB patients. Severe acute malnutrition was a major risk factor for dissemination of disease and mortality (p value 0.031and 0.0017).Conclusions: The study estimates 0.7% admission rate and 7% as incidence of MDRTB in indoor patients. Severe malnutrition was found to be risk factor for dissemination of disease [p value 0.031].

scholarly journals Effect of PEM on thyroid status, serum total protein and A/G ratio in pre-school going children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4486
Author(s):  
Sumesh Prasad Sah ◽  
Manisha Aroral ◽  
Sudeep Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Batra ◽  
Imran Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
G Ratio

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare serum total protein, serum albumin and thyroid hormones in children with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and in healthy controls.Methods: Present study was a cross sectional hospital based case control study, total 75 children of age group 1-5 years were included in this study. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay method, serum total protein by biuret method, albumin by BCG method and plasma hemoglobin by CMG method. Result: In malnourished children, there is significant decrease in serum total protein (4.76 gm %), albumin (2.24 gm %) and Hb (10.57 gm %) as compared to normal healthy children. Serum T3 (0.51 ng/ml), and T4 (3.93 µg/ml) levels were significantly decreased and non-significant changes in TSH (4.26 µUI/ml) levels in children with PEM was observed as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The reduction in protein is due to decreased intake of proteins and reduced biosynthesis. The decreased in T3 and T4 levels in malnourished children is probably due to a decrease in circulating plasma proteins.

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