scholarly journals A study on clinical profile of typhoid fever at Government General Hospital, Nizamabad, Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gopal Singh ◽  
J. Syam Sundar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Physical Finding

Background: The disease is most common in India. Children are most commonly affected. Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to specific type of Salmonella that causes symptoms.Methods: Prospective observational study, 100 children with fever more than 7 days attending pediatric departed at GGH, Nizamabad were included in this study.Results: Total 100 children included in this study, male were 62, female were 38. More cases were (43) in 5-10 years age group, 53 children, belongs to middle class, 30 children belongs to lower class and 17 children belongs to upper class. Most common physical finding was toxic look (52), fallowed by coated tongue (41), hepatomegaly (32), pallor (12), spleenomegaly (11), hepatospleenomegaly (8).Conclusions: Safe drinking water, hand washing, proper sanitation, health education to children and food handlers in schools and hostels will decrease the incidence of typhoid fever in children.

Phobias and Nervous Symptoms in Childhood and Maturity: Persistence and Associations

1972 ◽  
Vol 120 (556) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Abe
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Most people suffer from so-called ‘nervous symptoms' sometime during life, and their activity is influenced in varying degrees by these symptoms. There are a number of works reporting high prevalence of so-called neurotic symptoms: Rennie and his collaborators studied a sample of the population in the age range 20–59 of the central residential area of New York City and found that 75 per cent manifested significant symptoms of anxiety and that only 11 per cent of the lower class and 29 per cent of the upper class were psychiatrically symptom-free respondents (Rennie, Srole, Opler and Langner, 1957). Leighton found the life-time prevalence (after the age of 18) of psychoneurotic symptoms in a small town (population about 3,000) to be 67 per cent (Leighton, 1956). Winter interviewed 200 apparently healthy workers (mean age 36·6 years, 141 males and 59 females) of various social strata of Berlin, and found only 18 per cent free from so-called neurotic symptoms, i.e. anxiety, phobia, insomnia, headache and other psychosomatic symptoms (Winter, 1959). Agras, Sylvester and Oliveau found the prevalence of fear of storms, enclosures and journeying alone in females of Burlington to be 31 per cent, 14 per cent and 10 per cent respectively, and noted that psychiatrists saw only a small percentage of the phobic population (Agras, Sylvester and Oliveau, 1969). In all of these surveys, the authors noted that the majority of those with symptoms appeared to function well in the society. In Japan, a comparable survey is lacking, but Kasahara and Sakamoto investigated by questionnaire 2,481 students who entered Kyoto University in 1967 and found 24·1 per cent suffering from headache and 18 · 5 per cent from difficulty in falling asleep (Kasahara and Sakamoto, 1970). On 30 August 1970, N.H.K. (Japanese Broadcasting Corporation) invited to the studio 100 males who had graduated in 1945 from a single metropolitan all-male middle school for a programme entided ‘Age Forty’, in which health, economical and social status of this age group was enquired into. Among these, 26 ‘often suffered from palpitation and shortness of breath without significant exertion’, and 34 often awoke in the middle of the night or too early in the morning and could not get back to sleep again.

scholarly journals An association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and prevalence of trachoma in Monze district of Southern Province, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musonda Chikwanda ◽  
Nosiku Munyinda ◽  
Consity Mwale ◽  
Prince Mbanefo ◽  
Tikulirekuti Chileshe Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Eye Infection

Abstract This study aims to determine the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene, and the prevalence of trachoma in Monze district, Zambia. The overall prevalence of trachoma among residents of Monze district is 2.0% disaggregated as 3.4% for 1–9 age group and 1.1% for ≥10 age group. The findings reveal an association between trachoma eye infection and drinking water source from protected well/spring, and piped water. After adjusting for other variables, there was an association of drinking water from a protected well/spring (AOR 8.343, CI 1.126–61.803), piped water (AOR 4.127, CI 1.088–15.648), and piped water for washing (AOR 0.172, 95% CI 0.031–0.944.439). The presence of a hand wash facility was very low at 2.9% while hand washing agents were even lower at 0.41%. The study concludes that children are at a higher risk of trachoma prevalence. Other WASH aspects, such as adequacy of water, might be more important than the presence of potable water. The prevalence of trachoma in Monze is WASH focused.

scholarly journals TYPHOID PERFORATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
SHAUKAT ALI ◽  
ABDUL SATTAR ◽  
MUHAMMAD AMJAD AMIN
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Primary Closure ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Surgical Unit

Introduction:- Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium salmonella typhi. Thespread of infection is usually by an oro-fecal route. Food handlers are a major source of spread in developed countries.In undeveloped countries like ours, contamination of drinking water and edibles are the major source. Infected shellfishare occasionally a source of an outbreak. Objectives To review the present practice of managing patients with typhoidperforation and comparison between the primary closure and exteriorization. Setting Surgical Unit-II, Nishtar Hospital,Multan. Duration Two years. Patients and methods Sample size 50 patients. Results:- A total of 50 patients werefinalized for the analysis. There were 14 females and 36 males (1:2.5). The age ranged from 18 years to 35 years, themean age was 28 years. In patient who underwent ileostomy, death occurred in 3 cases (10%). Most of the patientsbelonged to low socioeconomic class. Delay in reaching the hospital was significant for several reasons includingtransportation and pretreatment at peripheral private hospitals. 46 patients presented after 48 hours of perforation(92%). Conclusion:- In cases with good reserves and earlier hospitalization primary repair is certainly the procedureof choice

scholarly journals Practice of personal hygiene among rural women of a selected community in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Khondker Saif Imtiaz ◽  
Khadiza Begum ◽  
Nilufar Begum ◽  
Samiha Naureen ◽  
Jony Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dry Food

Background : Good health is a marker of good economic status of a nation. Personal hygiene should be maintained first for obtaining great accuracy in work, low suffering from diseases and to reduce possibility of diseases.Objective : This study was undertaken to assess practice of personal hygiene among rural women of a selected community in Bangladesh.Materials & Methods : A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted during March–June 2012. 150 women of various ages selected from Garibpur and Tangurpur villages of Jessore District to assess two basic components of personal hygiene, hand washing and safe drinking water. Non probability convenient sampling technique was followed and data were collected by face to face interview using pre tested, self administered, semi structured questionnaire.Results : The mean age of the respondents was 33 years. Regarding educational qualification, 87.33% were educated in different levels and 12.67% were illiterate. Occupational status revealed majority (74.67%) of them were housewives. Regarding economic condition, most (60%) of the respondents had family income <10,000 Taka. In this study, majority (87.34%) had practiced hand washing before eating. Among them on taking different types of food (86.26%) practiced hand washing before taking meals only 13.74% before taking breakfast and none of the respondents washed hands before taking any dry food. Majority (95.34%) practiced hand washing after defecation, among them (82%) used soap, 16% used ash and 2% used soil after defecation. In this study, majority (90.67%) used tube well which was not marked red, 6% used pond and 3.33% used river as their source of drinking water.Conclusion : Good practice of personal hygiene and use of safe drinking water has significant importance to lead a healthy life, the villagers of Bangladesh should be well motivated regarding this aspect by regular health education programmes.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 29-31

scholarly journals A study on sanitary and hygiene practices in Chungwang VDC of Dhankuta District, Eastern Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Rayamajhi ◽  
SS Budhathoki ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
SR Niraula ◽  
VK Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Household Members ◽  
At Home

Lack of proper practices of sanitary habit leads to ill health of household members, community and the nation as a whole. Provision of sanitary latrines and safe drinking water are necessary to prevent fecal oral transmission of infections. To con­duct a study on sanitary hygiene and practices among the residents of Chungwang VDC. 97.4% of the respondents wash their hands with soap or other detergents though 99.3% of them had soaps at their home on observation. Similarly, 81.2% of them had toilet at home but only 79.2% used on regular basis. Basic hand washing was practiced by everyone during/after defecation and before meal but the importance of it after cleaning the bottom and nose of children and before preparing the meal was known to few of the participants. A need of behavioral change regarding optimum hygiene practices is required among the participants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10856 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 20-24

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19: Could Legionella be acting in conjunction with the Corona virus to aggravate the COVID-19 disease?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew John PENDERY
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legionnaire's Disease ◽  
Legionnaire’S Disease

There are some striking similarities between Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19. Thesymptoms, age group and sex at risk are identical. The geographical distribution of both diseases is similar in Europe overall, and within the USA, France and Italy. The environmental distributions are also similar. However Legionnaire’s disease is caused by Legionella bacteria while COVID-19 is caused by the Corona virus. Whereas COVID-19 is contagious, Legionnaire’s disease is environmental. Legionella bacteria are commonly found in drinking water systems and near air conditioning cooling towers. Legionnaire’sdisease is caught by inhaling contaminated water droplets. The Legionella bacteria does not spread person to person and only causes disease if it enters the lungs.Could the Corona virus be making it easier for Legionella bacteria to enter the lungs?

In pursuit of sustainable water solutions in emerging regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Brunson ◽  
Lowell W. Busenitz ◽  
David A. Sabatini ◽  
Paul Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Cultural Assessment

While lack of access to consistent safe drinking water is estimated to affect nearly 2 billion people worldwide, many of the efforts to solve this crisis have proven to be unsustainable. This paper discusses some of the reasons for these challenges and suggests interdisciplinary practices that could be integrated from the very beginning of a water intervention to achieve long-term success. Of key importance for sustainable water implementation is an enabling environment that incorporates aspects such as funding, potential for market development, and supportive governance. While this enabling environment is acknowledged, the focus of this work is on the integration of three key areas: (i) social and cultural assessment of behavior and preferences; (ii) market-based implementation approaches that draw on this knowledge; and (iii) technology development for these markets.

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