Study of the severity of stroke at the time of presentation in diabetic patients correlating with glycemic control

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a well-recognized risk factor for stroke. The NIHSS (National institute of health stroke scale) is a tool used objectively to quantify the impairment caused by a stroke. However, the effect of glycemic control regardless of the presence of DM on the clinical picture of stroke and its impact on the severity is not fully investigated. There are numerous studies on microvascular complications but there are only a few studies on strokes in diabetics. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the impact of diabetes on the pattern and severity of stroke in our population.Methods: This is cross sectional observational study, carried at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College And Research Institute, Pondicherry, India from December 2014-15. Sixty patients who presented with features of stroke and satisfy inclusion criteria were enrolled in study. Stroke pattern was identified using CT scan and severity of stroke was assessed by NIHSS score. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test (p <0.005 = significant).Results: The mean age in patients was 61.683±12.97. The ratio of male to female was 2.1:1 showing male preponderance. With increase in HbA1c levels more number of cases were found to have severe stroke and it is statically significant (p = 0.0001) as per NIHSS score.Conclusions: In diabetic patients the severity of stroke is related to glycemic control. Higher the blood HbA1c level, more severe is the neurological impairment. Hence effective lowering of HbA1c level may reduce the occurrence of severe neurological impairment in diabetic patients. We suggest the need for routine monitoring of HbA1c level may be used as a measure for secondary prevention of stroke in diabetic patients.

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Prevalence and Pattern of Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine Use in Diabetic Patients in Dubai, UAE

Arab Journal of Nutrition and Exercise (AJNE) ◽

10.18502/ajne.v2i2.1250 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Usama ALAlami ◽

Khulood A. Saeed ◽

Munawwar A. Khan

Keyword(s):

Alternative Medicine ◽

Complementary Alternative Medicine ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Perceived Benefits ◽

Medicine Use ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Result Analysis

Background: The current study explored the prevalence and pattern of traditional and complementary alternative medicine (TCAM) use, its perceived benefits and possible impact on health outcomes amongst diabetics in Dubai, UAE.Objectives: Diabetes is highly prevalent in the UAE, with diabetics potentially not complying with the prescribed conventional medicines, or preferring to use of traditional and complementary alternative medicines. The current study therefore sheds light on these two areas.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in 4 healthcare facilities in Dubai using quantitative data collection methods. Using a systematic random sampling method, 145 diabetic participants completed a self-reported questionnaire. Measures in the questionnaire included traditional and complementary alternative medicine use, and perceived benefits. SPSS version 21 was used for result analysis. Chi-square test was used to confirm significance amongst various groups.Results: Amongst 145 diabetic participants recruited, 66.9% were female, and 57.9% had undergraduate degree. Majority of participants (95.2%) had type II diabetes. Participants age was between 20 to 79 years. The prevalence of TCAM use amongst the participants was 21.4%, with the majority of users being female (27.8%). TCAM use was more common amongst housewives (28.6%). None of the TCAM users had the intervention prescribed by a health specialist, and the majority (51.6%) used it for the purpose of slowing the progression of the disease. More than half (58.1%) of TCAM users reported receiving the desired effect, and 77.4% used TCAM in combination with the prescribed conventional medicine.Conclusion: The current study confirmed the un-prescribed use of TCAM amongst participants in Dubai, UAE. Further studies are required to elaborate on the interaction between TCAM and prescribed conventional medicines.

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The Correlation Between the Vitamin D Level and Glycemic Control Status Among Diabetic Patients - A Clinical Observational Study

Integrative Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.15342/ijms.7.215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Nasser Alqahtani ◽

Eisa Ghazwani ◽

Awad Alqahtani ◽

Mohammed Helaly

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Hba1c ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Diabetic Microvascular Complications

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and coexisted with diabetes. However, the relation between Vitamin D level and glycemic control is not yet fully understood. This study examines the correlation between vitamin D level and glycemia indicators and diabetic microvascular complications.Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study, had been done at the outpatient department in Najran university hospital, Saudi Arabia from May 2019 to February 2020. 220 patients recruited by simple random sampling.Results: 60% of diabetes (n-130) had been using oral anti-glycemic medications, though most of them had uncontrolled glycemic status and had got microvascular complications. It is notable that among diabetes having a low vitamin D level; 55.5% had high FBS, 45.6% had high RBS and 65% had high HBA1C. Besides,17% have retinopathy, 16.6% have nephropathy, 26.2% have peripheral neuropathy and 1.9% have a diabetic foot.Conclusion: The clinical and laboratory assessments are essential to control the glycemic state in diabetes. The study noted that an inverse relationship between the level of vitamin D with blood sugar levels and diabetic microvascular complications. To assure the feasibility of the prediction of vitamin D level in assessing the progress of diabetes further studies are needed.

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Relationship between HbA1c Levels and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v37i4.1210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Saima Jamshed ◽

Ayesha Hanif ◽

Irfan Qayyum Malik ◽

Nukhba Zahid ◽

Hafiza Sadia Imtiaz

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Hba1c Level ◽

Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade 5

Purpose: To determine the relationship between HbA1c and severity of retinopathy in diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye department of DHQ-UTH Gujranwala, from July 2020 to Dec 2020. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study including 100 patients was conducted at eye department of DHQ-UTH Gujranwala from January 2018 to December 2018. After approval from institutional review board, written informed consent with demographic variables was collected from every patient. Patients of either gender between 40-80 years of age with both types I and type II diabetes were included in this study. Complete ophthalmic examination including Best Corrected Visual Acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann Applanation tonometry and fundus examination carried out. Diabetic retinopathy was classified from grade 0 to grade 5. Results: Out of 100 patients, 46 (46%) were males and 54 (54%) were females. Mean age was 60 ± 2.4 years with a range of 40 – 80 years among males and 40 – 70 years among females. Forty patients presented with grade 1 diabetic retinopathy and 4% presented with grade 5. Thirty two patients had good glycemic control while 20% had glycemic control of grade III. Patients with grade 4 diabetic retinopathy had the worst glycemic control of HbA1c level of 11.5. Conclusion: This study concluded that patients with poor glycemic control had severe diabetic retinopathy as compared to the patients with good diabetic control. There is a direct relation between HbA1c level and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Key Words: HbA1C, Diabetic retinopathy, Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Vitreous hemorrhage.

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Factors Affecting Eating Patterns on Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in UPT Puskesmas Narumonda

Journal La Medihealtico ◽

10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v2i6.501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 48-56

Author(s):

Betty Simanullang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relevant Variable ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Sugar Levels

The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the major dietary components linked with blood sugar levels in diabetic patients at UPT Puskesmas Narumonda in Toba Regency. This sort of study employs a cross-sectional descriptive analytic survey. The population in this research was 118 individuals, whereas the sample size was 54. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the data. The chi-square test results indicate that the sugar level of people with diabetes mellitus is related to the number of calories p = 0.000, the type of food p = 0.000, and the eating schedule p = 0.003, indicating that there is a relationship between obesity, the number of calories, the type of food, and the eating schedule and blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus. The findings of multivariate analysis indicate that the most relevant variable in this research, with an OR value of 53, is the quantity of calories. The research concluded that the quantity of calories consumed is the most important factor influencing blood sugar levels in persons with diabetes mellitus at UPT Puskesmas Narumonda, Toba Regency. To help lower the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, it is intended that the Health Service, puskesmas, and health professionals would collaborate to give frequent counseling about diabetes mellitus and a healthy and balanced diet.

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ASSESSMENT OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS AMONG ADULTS HAVING HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN A MEDICAL INSTITUTE OF RAIPUR

10.36106/1004245 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Shrikant Verma ◽

Rahul Kewal Kumar

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Plantar Fasciitis ◽

Plantar Fascia ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a degenerative syndrome of the plantar fascia resulting from repeated trauma at its origin on the calcaneus. PF is reported to be the most common cause of inferior heel pain in diabetic and non diabetic patient population. Calcaneal spurs (CS) have commonly been implicated as a risk factor for PF. To this purpose we have evaluated the frequency of Calcaneal spur (CS) in obese patients with Type-2 diabetes. Method: Study was designed as a cross sectional Analytical study . Male and female study subjects who were Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), Having Diagnosed type 2 diabetes & above the age of 18 years, with a history of plantar heel tenderness and/or pain were included in the study Information was analysed by using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS . Chi square test was used for analysis. Results:Atotal of 65 obese diabetic patients were included into the study. The mean age of the patients was 54±5.8 years. There were 25 males and 40 females. The median duration of diabetes was 4.2 years (1-10 years). The mean HbA1c was 8.4±0.9. 78% were having plantar fasciitis. Conclusion: Poor diabetes control Peripheral Neuropathy seems to be the main reasons Existence seems to be in a relationship with diabetic complications; therefore, obese diabetic patients may be more prone to these complications. Therefore, weight reduction should be encouraged in these patients.

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THE ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES DURATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) ◽

10.14710/dmj.v10i1.29942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

Intan Lamy Manao ◽

Hesti Triwahyu Hutami ◽

Fifin Luthfia Rahmi ◽

Arnila Novitasari Saubig

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Patient ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Background: The prevalence of diabetic patients is increasing over the years. It will increase the incidence of microvascular complications due to prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient. Diabetic retinopathy is one of microvascular complication which is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient cause toxicity to the retina which cause nerve and vascular damage and death to the retina. In this study was analyzed the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathy associated with many cases of delay in diagnosing diabetes recentlyObjective: This study aims to investigate the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathyMethods: A cross-sectional design was performed by collecting data from the medical records of diabetic patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in Diponegoro National Hospital in July-December 2019 using purposive sampling method. Research subjects were 51 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Chi Square test with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence was more in the age group of 51-60 years (45,1%), female (58,8%), diabetics <5 years (41,2%), and PDR (72,6%). Chi Square analysis shows no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0,881)Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy

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Association between glycemic control and risk of venous thromboembolism in diabetic patients: A nested case-control study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882567/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah H R Charlier ◽

Christian Meier ◽

Susan S Jick ◽

Christoph R Meier ◽

Claudia Becker

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Hba1c Level ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background:Previous studies suggested an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a possible sex difference. The impact of glycemic control on the risk of VTE is unclear. Our objective was to analyze the association between glycemic control and the risk of unprovoked (idiopathic) VTE in men and women with T2DM.Methods:We conducted a nested case-control analysis (1:4 matching) within a cohort of patients with incident T2DM between 1995–2019 using data from the CPRD GOLD. We excluded patients with known risk factors for VTE prior to onset of DM. Cases were T2DM patients with an unprovoked treated VTE. The exposure of interest was glycemic control measured as HbA1c levels. We conducted conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for several confounders.Results:We identified 3’896 VTE cases and 15’584 controls (56% females). We found no association between the HbA1c level and the risk of VTE in our main analysis. However, when the most recent HbA1c value was within 90 days before the index date, women with HbA1c levels > 7.0% had an 18–35% increased relative risk of VTE when compared to women with HbA1c > 6.5-7.0%.Conclusions:Our study raises the possibility that female T2DM patients with HbA1c levels > 7% may have a slightly higher risk for unprovoked VTE compared to women with HbA1c level > 6.5-7.0%. This increase may not be causal and may reflect differences in life style or other characteristics. We observed no effect of glycemic control on the risk of VTE in men.

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Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Action of Buffalo Breeders in the Villages Around Nagan Raya Power Plant on the Impact of Fly Ash Exposure

The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research ◽

10.21157/ijtvbr.v3i2.12334 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Ira Susanti ◽

Rinidar Rinidar ◽

Sugito Sugito

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plant ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Animal Health ◽

Low Rank ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Impact

One of the biggest contributors of air pollution is the production of coal fly ash from power plant industry. Fly ash has an immediate impact on human and animal health around the power plant. Many buffaloes in Nagan Raya usually grazing near the 110-megawatt steam power plant that using low rank coal. This action raises concerns about buffalo’s health due to exposure to fly ash. This study aimed to examine the relationship of knowledge, attitude and action of buffalo breeders to the impact of fly ash exposure on the buffaloes. This research used analytical survey with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in February 2018 with 30 respondents from four villages around Nagan Raya Power Plant to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and actions by using questionnaires. The data were analyzed statistically with Chi Square Test with SPSS for Windows version 17.0. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the knowledge of buffalo breeders and the impact of fly ash exposure (P> 0.05), while the attitude and actions of buffalo breeders had a significant correlation with the impact of fly ash exposure (P <0.05). These results concluded that the buffalo breeders in the villages around the power plant did not realize the impact of fly ash arising from coal of power plant. It is expected that the associated institution would conduct a counseling about the impact of fly ash exposure as well as good management of buffaloes.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, PERSONAL HYGIENE, AND OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY ON THE INCIDENCE OF DERMATITIS

MORFAI JOURNAL ◽

10.54443/morfai.v1i1.53 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

Marniati Marniati ◽

Enda Silvia Putri ◽

Sufyan Anwar ◽

Itza Muliyani ◽

Susy Sriwahyuni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variable ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work History ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Analytic Design ◽

The Impact

The environment is a very influential factor in the incidence of dermatitis. Dermatitis is a skin disease that is acute, sub-acute/ or chronic caused by inflammation of the skin that occurs due to exogenous and endogenous factors. The problem in this study is the high prevalence of dermatitis in the community, reaching 623 cases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the analysis of the impact of environmental studies, personal hygiene, and work history on the incidence of dermatitis in the community in the Darul prosperous sub-district, Nagan Raya district. This research method is an analytic design with a Cross-sectional design. This research was carried out in December 2020 which became the population of people with Dermatitis with a sample of 86 respondents. This study was analyzed using univariate and bivariate, then tested by Chi-Square test. The results of the study after being tested stated that there was an influence of environment, personal hygiene, and work history on the incidence of dermatitis as evidenced by the P.value 0.05. The conclusion after analyzing the effect of the model on the impact of work history, personal hygiene, and the environment there is an influence on the incidence of dermatitis. Among all these variables the most powerful influence is the environmental variable. Suggestions to the Puskesmas to further improve policies in dealing with the incidence of dermatitis by approaching and empowering the community so that a dermatitis-free society is achieved.

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Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Levels of Empathy among Undergraduate Dental Students in Pakistan

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (S 01) ◽

pp. S110-S115

Author(s):

Sundas Ghaus ◽

Madiha Abdul Waheed ◽

Shahreen Zahid Khan ◽

Laila Mustafa ◽

Sohaib Siddique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Students ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Post Hoc ◽

The Impact ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract Objective The purpose of our study is to determine the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the levels of empathy toward patients among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted at Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan. After taking an informed consent, a validated and pretested Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) was distributed amongst the undergraduate dental students at two points, one before the COVID-19 existed, and the other after August 7th, 2020, when the COVID-19 cases dropped in Pakistan. Responses were indicated on a five point Likert Scale. Statistical Analysis A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to compare the TEQ scores between the different years of education at the dental school. Difference within the groups was analyzed using the post-hoc Tukey test. Pre- and post-COVID-19 comparison was done using the Chi-square test (significance level p < 0.05). Results A total of 221 out of 260 students in the pre-COVID-19 group, while 210 out of 260 students in the post-COVID-19 group enrolled in the dentistry program participated in the study. Significant difference in the empathy levels was observed in the pre- and post-COVID-19 groups of the same population, i.e., (p < 0.05). The response rate was 85%. Conclusions This study showed an increase in mean empathy scores among the undergraduate dental students after COVID-19, indicating a significant improvement in their empathy levels during the time of COVID-19. It highlights the impact of the pandemic, whereby death and chaos seem to have brought about an improvement in interpersonal harmony.

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