scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES DURATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Intan Lamy Manao ◽  
Hesti Triwahyu Hutami ◽  
Fifin Luthfia Rahmi ◽  
Arnila Novitasari Saubig
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: The prevalence of diabetic patients is increasing over the years. It will increase the incidence of microvascular complications due to prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient. Diabetic retinopathy is one of microvascular complication which is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient cause toxicity to the retina which cause nerve and vascular damage and death to the retina. In this study was analyzed the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathy associated with many cases of delay in diagnosing diabetes recentlyObjective: This study aims to investigate the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathyMethods: A cross-sectional design was performed by collecting data from the medical records of diabetic patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in Diponegoro National Hospital in July-December 2019 using purposive sampling method. Research subjects were 51 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Chi Square test with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence was more in the age group of 51-60 years (45,1%), female (58,8%), diabetics <5 years (41,2%), and PDR (72,6%). Chi Square analysis shows no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0,881)Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy

scholarly journals FAKTOR PREDIKTOR GANGGUAN PENGLIHATAN BERAT DAN KEBUTAAN PADA PENDERITA DIABETES DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Rimawati Aulia Insani Sadarang ◽  
Hari Kusnanto ◽  
Mohammad Bayu Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Simple Logistic

Predictors of severe visual impairment and blindness among diabetic patients in Special Territory of YogyakartaPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify any predictors of severe visual impairment and blindness among diabetic patients in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.MethodsThis research was a cross-sectional study by analyzing registry data from (JOGED.COM). Data included sociodemographic characteristics, diabetic status, health record, and eye diseases. The analysis was done using chi-square and simple logistic regression tests follow with semi-partial correlation, stratification tests and multilevel analysis with Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE).ResultsAs much as 1093 data were included in this study. The prevalence of severe visual impairment was 12% and blindness was 6.5%. Cataract, diabetic retinopathy and diabetes duration >10 years were statistically significant with severe visual impairment and blindness while glaucoma and hypertension only significant with severe visual impairment. The contribution of cataract in severe visual impairment (4.73%) and blindness (3.11%) was highest among eye diseases. There was modification effect of cataract to severe visual impairment and blindness by diabetes duration. Based on GEE, cataract, diabetic retinopathy and diabetes duration > 10 years was the best model to predict the occurrence of severe visual impairment and blindness.ConclusionsPredictors of severe visual impairment and blindness among diabetic patients in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta were the cataract, diabetic retinopathy and diabetes duration >10 years. Modification effect of cataract by diabetes duration only was significant in a model to predict blindness.

scholarly journals Association between sociodemographic variables and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Kasim Yasar Kannappillil Muhammedali ◽  
V. Sahasranamam ◽  
Saji Nair Ambika
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes

Background: Early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most important factor in reducing the blinding complications due to diabetes. Study of the various socio-demographic factors affecting awareness of DR will help us to formulate effective screening programs for early detection. Objectives of the study were to find the sociodemographic determinants associated with awareness of DR and to evaluate the association of stage of DR with awareness about diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 384 patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in various medical camps and diabetic clinics at Thiruvananthapuram. Socio demographic variables and awareness were assessed using structured self-administered questionnaire. Dilated fundus evaluation was done and retinopathy classified. Data entered to excel sheet and analysis done using statistical software (SPSS version 20).Results: Among the 384 patients, 44.9% were diagnosed to have diabetic retinopathy. Among the diagnosed 41.6% had mild non proliferative DR (NPDR), 33.0% had moderate NPDR, 11.45% had severe NPDR. 13.4% of subjects were diagnosed to have proliferative DR. 53.1% of the subjects with diabetic retinopathy had clinically significant macular edema. There was no statistically significant association between the stage of DR to awareness. Among the socio demographic variables, significant positive association with level of awareness was obtained for duration of diabetes (OR=10.96; p=0.004)Conclusions: Duration of diabetes was significantly associated with level of awareness. There was no statistically significant association between the stage of diabetic retinopathy to awareness. This signifies the urgent need to intensify our diabetic retinopathy awareness programs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors for diabetic retinopathy at first ophthalmological contact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Bhavkaran Singh ◽  
Prempal Kaur ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Parveen Grang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is now considered as a growing global public health concern due to cost associated with diabetic micro and macrovascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Accurate estimation of prevalence of DR among diabetic patients and associated risk factors are of crucial importance to plan and execute preventive strategies in the community. Aims and Objectives: The present cross sectional hospital based observational study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of DR in diabetic patients at their first ophthalmological contact and toevaluate associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional hospital based observational study, all diabetic patients visiting ophthalmology clinic for the first time after being diagnosed as diabetic were enrolled. After recording demographic data and biochemical findings, each patient was investigated for DR and correlated with associated risk factors. Results: Of 1699 patients, majority (68.9%) of them had come to ophthalmology clinic with complaint of decreased vision. Only 16.12 % (274) patients had been referred for retinal exam by treating physician. DR was prevalent in 242(16.98%) non-referred and 31(11.31%) referred patients. Mean age and mean duration of diabetes was significantly higher in non-referred patients. Vision threatening DR was also significantly higher in nonreferred patients. Prevalence of DR was significantly correlated with age at presentation, duration of diabetes, rural background, uncontrolled diabetes, systolic blood pressure and high BMI. Conclusion: Low referral by treating physician and lack of awareness among patient accounts for late presentation of diabetic patients to ophthalmologist. Beyond just developing strategies to promote screening programs for early detection and management of DR, education of the patients,comprehensive planning and coordination between ophthalmologist and physician can go a long way to decrease the economic and social burden of preventable blindness due to diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Awareness of Diabetic Eye Diseases in Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1953-1960
Author(s):  
Mahalakshmi K ◽  
Anuradha Krishnan P
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

The study aims to assess the awareness of diabetic eye disease among diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly growing global concern that may cause several complications. The ophthalmic complications that diabetic patients are prone to are diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and glaucoma. One of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy. The study is a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study involving 100 diabetic patients who visited a tertiary care hospital, Saveetha Medical College who gave consent for the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The 100 study participants filled up a structured questionnaire with 26 questions that were validated by two experts in the field. The age, gender, educational status, occupation, duration of diabetes, undergoing treatment, associated risk factors, awareness regarding diabetes caused ophthalmic complications, their knowledge on how important regular eye check-ups are for the diabetic patients, and whether they are aware that it could cause blindness. The questionnaire also assessed their practice patterns for regular eye check-ups. The results were presented in the form of text, pie charts, tables, and figures. 86% of the study participants knew that diabetes could cause eye diseases. 8% knew that diabetes could cause cataract. 65% knew that diabetes could cause glaucoma.70% knew that diabetes could cause diabetic retinopathy. These results were compared to the results of similar research papers. Though there is awareness amongst the majority of the study participants, the practice pattern shows that 54% of the study participant do not go for regular eye check-ups. More community awareness is required for better efficiency to prevent treatable blindness in India.

scholarly journals Level of VEGF-A and interleukin 6 in lacrimal fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-673
Author(s):  
Christelle Domngang ◽  
Armelle Lowe Noutchie ◽  
Pascal Djamen Chuisseu ◽  
Freddy Nemg Simo ◽  
Borris Tietche Galani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular manifestation characterized by microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and two lacrimal angiogenic cytokines, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). A cross-sectional study was conducted at Yaoundé Central Hospital from February,1 to June, 15, 2019. Twenty-six diabetic patients with retinopathy and 55 diabetics without retinopathy were enrolled. Tears were collected with Schirmer strips. The concentrations of VEGF-A and Il-6 were determined by the ELISA test. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Data version 7.1.5.2. and GraphPad 5.0. The mean VEGF-A concentration was 163.4 ± 45.1 and 149± 81.8 pg/ml in patients with and without DR respectively (p= 0.292) while tear Il-6 level was 118.5±103 and 119±79.43 pg/ml in patients with and without DR respectively (p= 0.497). The mean tear VEGF level was 165.2 ± 76.10 and 153.50 ± 57.94 pg/mL in patients with and without diabetic maculopathy (DM) respectively (p=0.343) while tear Il-6 level was significantly lower in DM (54.92±32.68) compared to patients without DM (159.10±89.78) (p=0.047). Tear Il-6 level was significantly low in patients with DM. There was no association between the 2 lacrimal biomarkers and diabetic retinopathy. Further analysis is needed for this type of screening in diabetic patients.Keywords: eye, retina, tear, diabetes, biomarker; cytokine.

scholarly journals Relationship between Knowledge and Using Personal Protective Equipment in Tuberculosis Ward and Polyclinic of Hospital X

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ekorini Listiowati ◽  
Fitria Eka Rianti
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence in Indonesia occupies the 2nd position globally; therefore, it is necessary to prevent TB transmission, including the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in high-risk individuals. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses' knowledge and behavior in using PPE to prevent TB transmission in hospitals. This study used a cross-sectional design, with the research subjects of all nurses in the isolation room and the TB polyclinic in a private hospital (X) in Yogyakarta. The study was attended by 38 nurses, with a total sampling technique. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. The data analysis employed descriptive statistical tests and chi-square. This study’s results indicated that most nurses had good knowledge (31 people; 81.6%) and good behavior (32 people; 84.2%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and nurses' behavior in using PPE (p = 0.000). It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and nurses' behavior in using PPE in the TB ward and polyclinic at Hospital X.

scholarly journals Assessment of vibratory QST abnormality in diabetic patients with special correlation to duration of diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Kaushik Saha ◽  
Dipa Saha
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Vibration Sense ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Duration Of Illness

Background: Peripheral Neuropathy is one of the common microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus affecting both large and small nerve fibres. In present study we have assessed the impairment of vibration perception threshold (VPT) QST that enables evaluation of affection of large myelinated (Aα and Aβ) fibres.   Methods: Authors used Biothesiometer in our study that served a satisfactory tool for quantitating vibratory sense. In our study 120 diabetic patients between 30 to 60 yrs age group with duration of illness ≤10 yrs, 10-20 years and more than 20 years were subjected to Vibratory QST by instrument (Vibrotherm Dx) at several specific points of feet.Results: The result observed is, 73.2% (n=22) diabetics with clinical neuropathy show impairment of vibration sense, while 60% of diabetic patients without clinical neuropathy also show impairment of vibration sense. Result suggests involvement of nerve fibres in a subclinical stage in diabetic patients. Relation between vibratory QST and duration of diabetes is also established, Chi-square trend test is done and it shows there is positive trend with duration of diabetes and it is statistically significant p≤0.001.Conclusions: This study suggests that Vibratory QST should be carried out in every diabetic patient irrespective of clinical neuropathy and duration of diabetes, for early detection, progression & institution of therapy.

scholarly journals Study of the severity of stroke at the time of presentation in diabetic patients correlating with glycemic control

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Sivaji Patibandla ◽  
Tumbanatham Appikatla ◽  
Jayasingh K.
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
The Impact

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a well-recognized risk factor for stroke. The NIHSS (National institute of health stroke scale) is a tool used objectively to quantify the impairment caused by a stroke. However, the effect of glycemic control regardless of the presence of DM on the clinical picture of stroke and its impact on the severity is not fully investigated. There are numerous studies on microvascular complications but there are only a few studies on strokes in diabetics. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the impact of diabetes on the pattern and severity of stroke in our population.Methods: This is cross sectional observational study, carried at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College And Research Institute, Pondicherry, India from December 2014-15. Sixty patients who presented with features of stroke and satisfy inclusion criteria were enrolled in study. Stroke pattern was identified using CT scan and severity of stroke was assessed by NIHSS score. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test (p <0.005 = significant).Results: The mean age in patients was 61.683±12.97. The ratio of male to female was 2.1:1 showing male preponderance. With increase in HbA1c levels more number of cases were found to have severe stroke and it is statically significant (p = 0.0001) as per NIHSS score.Conclusions: In diabetic patients the severity of stroke is related to glycemic control. Higher the blood HbA1c level, more severe is the neurological impairment. Hence effective lowering of HbA1c level may reduce the occurrence of severe neurological impairment in diabetic patients. We suggest the need for routine monitoring of HbA1c level may be used as a measure for secondary prevention of stroke in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Lung: Another Victim of the Silent killer Diabetes- A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Mukherjee ◽  
SR Sneha ◽  
NS Vinayaka
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes

Introduction: Diabetes is a multisystem disorder with well known complications involving various organs in the body. The presence of abundant connective tissue and microvasculature raises the possibility that lung may also be affected in diabetes. Aim: To evaluate the pulmonary function parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus and to determine their correlation with glycaemic control, duration of diabetes and other microvascular complications. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done between September 2018 and March 2019. A total of 300 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 30-70 years, with duration of diabetes more than 1 year, were included in the study. Thorough history was taken regarding the duration of diabetes and symptoms of the complications. All of them were evaluated for diabetic microangiopathies: nephropathy (by 24 hour urinary protein excretion), retinopathy (by direct ophthalmoscopy) and neuropathy (by clinical examination). Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured as an indicator of glycaemic control. Spirometry and single breath diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide were performed on all the subjects. Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) parameters of each subject were compared with the normal values. Unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Correlation and regression studies were used to find out the strength of association between Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and the following: the duration of disease, HbA1c and presence of other microvascular complications. Results: Pulmonary function parameters like Forced Expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Peak Expiratory Forced Rate (PEFR) and DLCO were below the normal values in 53% of diabetic patients included in the study. Majority of them had a restrictive ventilation pattern. The diffusion capacity corrected for Alveolar Volume (VA) as measured by DLCO/VA was significantly reduced in those with longer duration of diabetes and in those with other microvascular complications. However, the poor lung functions had no correlation with the HbA1C values. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lungs are indeed affected in patients with type 2 diabetes. The presence of extrapulmonary microangiopathy and duration of the disease may predict the incidence and the severity of the lung function abnormality.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of microvascular complications among patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3039
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Ardaman Singh ◽  
Vikram S. Tanwar ◽  
Nikhil Govil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated with various microvascular, macrovascular and nonvascular complications leading to increasing morbidity and mortality. Microvascular complications are daibetes specific and their relation with associated comorbidities studied worldwide. To estimate the prevalence of microvascular complications in diabetic patients and to find their relation with various comorbid conditions.Methods: A total of hundred diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus with age ranging from 18 to 75 years were enrolled in the study. Patients were assessed for the presence of microvascular complications and associated comorbidities. The effect of various comorbidities on frequency of microvascular complications was also determined. Data collected was statistically analyzed.Results: In this study, the mean age of the study group was 55.77±11.75 years. Mean age of onset of the disease was 48.89±11.50 years. Mean duration of the disease in the study group was 6.86±5.02 years. Diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy was found in 76%, 63% and 69% patients, respectively. Among patients with hypertension, 91.7%, 83.3%, and 81.7% cases were found to have retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy, respectively. The corresponding figures for those with comorbid IHD were 91.1%, 83.9% and 76.8% respectively whereas among patients with coexisting metabolic syndrome, 92.5%, 80.6%, and 79.1% were found to have retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, respectively.Conclusions: The most frequent microvascular complication reported by this study was diabetic retinopathy. comorbid conditions like hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and metabolic syndrome were associated with higher prevalence of microvascular complications in diabetic patients.

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