scholarly journals A study of brachial artery flow mediated dilatation and carotid intima media thickness in subjects having risk factors for coronary artery disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Shweta Sahai ◽  
Sumit Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Artery Flow

Background: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early phenomenon in atherosclerosis and often progresses to structural changes and clinical manifestations. Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (BAFMD) has recently emerged as a reliable tool for assessment of ED. Carotid artery intima media thickness (CCAIMT) is an established tool for the detection of early structural atherosclerosis. This study was done to assess the reliability of BAFMD as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis by comparing it to CCAIMT.Methods: Seventy-one subjects were divided in to Group I (n = 42, patients with overt cardiovascular disease; abnormal resting ECG or history of myocardial infarction/angina or an abnormal coronary angiogram), Group II (n = 17, apparently healthy individuals, with risk factors, but no overt cardiovascular disease) and Group III (n = 12, control, healthy individuals without risk factors). Ischemia induced BAFMD and CCAIMT were studied using ultrasound imaging along with presence of metabolic abnormalities.Results: Age ranged from 18-70 years with male predominance [42 (49.4%)]. Mean BAFMD in Group I, Group II and Group III was 6.68±3.52%, 7.39±3.62 and 11.65±4.32% respectively. Impaired BAFMD was highest in Group I [31 (73.80%)] compared to other two groups (p = 0.0002). Abnormal CCA-IMT was significantly higher in group I [33 (78.57%)] than in group II [9 (52.94%)] and Group III (3 (25%)] (p = 0.0018).Conclusions: Both BAFMD and CCAIMT can be used interchangeably as surrogate markers for endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. BAFMD is a reliable tool for prediction of early atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Asthma on the Stress Oxidative, Inflammation, and Endothelial Dysfunction Characteristics in Children with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Arjmand Shabestari ◽  
Pegah Mohaghegh ◽  
Habibeh kiyanrad ◽  
fatemeh imanparast
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Background: Pulmonary vascular endothelial activation, inflammation, and stress oxidative have been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although chronic lung problems such as asthma may affect the consequences of pneumonia, the exact mechanism of this effect remains unclear. The present study aimed to assess the effects of asthma on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in children pneumonia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Amir Kabir Hospital affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Participants were 25 children with severe CAP and asthma (group I), 25 children with severe CAP (group II), and 25 healthy children (group III) with 2 to 6 years of age. Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).Results: We observed a significant reduction in TAC in groups I and II (0.997±0.22 and 1.23±0.21 mmol/l, respectively) compared with group III (1.46±0.19 mmol/l). This reduction was significantly higher in group I than in group II. Also, we observed a significant increase in MDA and TNF-α in groups I (2.57±0.40 µmol/l, 6.94±1.61 pg/ml, respectively) and II (6.94±1.61µmol/l, 5.54±1.84 pg/ml, respectively) compared with group III (1.89 ±0.27µmol/l, 3.42±1.32 pg/ml, respectively). The increase in MDA was significantly higher in group I than in group II. VCAM-1 and PAI-1 as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers increased significantly in group I (1.5 ±0.62 mmol/l and 10.52±3.2 AU/ml, respectively) compared with groups II (1.06±0.53 mmol/l and 8.23±3.4 AU/ml, respectively) and III (0.6± 0.35 mmol/l and 2.39 ± 0.83 AU/ml, respectively). Also, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 increased significantly in group II compared with groups III.Conclusions: Asthma can exacerbate the consequences of pneumonia in children by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF MULTI-FOCAL ATHEROSCLEROTIC PATHOLOGY ACROSS AGE GROUPS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
A. N. Sumin ◽  
R. A. Gaifullin ◽  
A. V. Bezdenezhnykh ◽  
E. V. Korok ◽  
A. V. Karpovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Peripheral Angiography ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group Ii

Aim. To compare the prevalence of multi-focal subclinical atherosclerotic pathology and its determinants in cardiovascular surgery patients.Material and methods. The study included 1018 patients — 825 en and 193 women (mean age 59,0±12,0 years) — who were hospitalised for a planned intervention on coronary or other arteries. Group I (n=542) was aged under 60 years, Group II (n=215) — 60–64 years, Group III (n=141) — 65–69 years, and Group IV (n=120) — 70 years or older. All participants underwent coronary angiography and Doppler ultrasound; peripheral angiography was performed, if necessary. Multi-focal atherosclerosis (MFA) criteria were the presence of stenosis (≥30%) or revascularisation in two or more vascular territories.Results. Subclinical atherosclerotic pathology of various localisation was observed in 52,3% of the patients. Advanced age was linked to an increase in the MFA prevalence: from 45,8% in Group I to 58,6% in Group II, 58,2% in Group III, and 63,3% in Group IV (p=0,0001). In Group I, MFA was associated with the intermittent claudication syndrome (ICS), decreased body mass index (BMI), increased intima-media thickness (IMT), elevated total cholesterol (TCH). However, in Groups II–IV, the only association observed was between MFA and ICS.Conclusion. Taking into account the subclinical (hemodynamically insignificant) arterial pathology had resulted in a high prevalence of MFA. Advanced age was associated with a higher MFA prevalence. Other factors linked to MFA were increased IMT, elevated TCH, decreased BMI, and ICS. 

scholarly journals The Effects of Asthma on the Stress Oxidative, Inflammation, and Endothelial Dysfunction Characteristics in Children with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ali Arjmand Shabestari ◽  
fatemeh imanparast ◽  
pegah mohaghegh ◽  
habibeh kiyanrad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Pai 1

Background: Pulmonary vascular endothelial activation, inflammation, and stress oxidative have been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Chronic lung problems such as asthma may affect the consequences of pneumonia.The present study aimed to assess the effects of asthma on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in children pneumonia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Amir Kabir Hospital affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Participants were 25 children with severe CAP and asthma (group I), 25 children with severe CAP (group II), and 25 healthy children (group III) with 2 to 6 years of age. Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Results: We observed a significant reduction in TAC in groups I and II compared with group III. This reduction was significantly higher in group I than in group II. Also, we observed a significant increase in MDA and TNF-α in groups I and II compared with group III. The increase in MDA was significantly higher in group I than in group II. VCAM-1 and PAI-1 as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers increased significantly in group I compared with groups II and III. Also, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 increased significantly in group II compared with groups III. Conclusions: Asthma can exacerbate the consequences of pneumonia in children by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.

Plasma Circulating Levels of Soluble P-Selectin and Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) Are Elevated in Patients with Cancer and a Shortened Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) without Clinical Evidence of Thrombosis: An Inexpensive and Simple Test (APTT) To Be Considered for Its Clinical Value.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4098-4098
Author(s):  
Fabiola E. Del Carpio-Cano ◽  
Diana Zamora-Rangel ◽  
Miguel A. Rosales-Manoatl ◽  
Maria R. Rivas-Gonzalez ◽  
Eduardo Cervera-Ceballos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract There is evidence of shortening of the APTT in patients afflicted with and without cancer, and cancer is a well known underlying condition associated with hypercoagulability. Increased levels of coagulation factors such as VIII, IX, XI, II, and fibrinogen have been demonstrated as independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, there is evidence that high levels of circulating factor VIII levels are not the only determinant for a shortened APTT (Blood2004; 104:3631) and likely the same case for the other factors including fibrinogen levels. A shortened APTT in a patient with cancer with no evidence of a thrombotic event could be of clinical value in particular when the cost of measuring individual coagulation factors previously identified as risk factors for VTE would be very high. A lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism leading to a shortened APTT in the absence of VTE limit its clinical use, particularly for the clinical management of the patient presenting at admission with this phenomenon in association with cancer. In this case-control prospective study, we have investigated a potential mechanism associated with a shortened APTT in patients with cancer without evidence of thrombosis. The rationale for this study was a previous observation supporting a functional role of TSP1 in the generation of thrombin on a cell surface (Thrombosis Research2005; 116: 533). The study was comprised of 69 human subjects subdivided in three separate groups, Group I, was constituted by 23 normal human volunteers, Group II included 23 patients without a shortened APTT and cancer, Group III was comprised of 23 patients with cancer with a shortened APTT (see table). Groups I and II were matched with group III by age and gender. In addition patients in Group II were matched with Group III by the type of cancer. Laboratory measurements included APTT, D-Dimer, soluble E, L, and P-Selectins as well as TSP1. Platelet and neutrophil counts were determined by automated methods. Laboratory measurements demonstrating a significant difference in Group III when compared with Group I and II were P-Selectin and TSP1. These results were independent of the platelet count in Group III. However the significant elevated circulating levels in plasma of P-Selectin in Group III are evidence supporting platelet activation. There was a trend for higher levels of D-Dimer in Group III (P < 0.17) when compared with Group II (P< 0.76), in accordance with previous studies reported in the literature. In summary, this prospective study demonstrates a potential association of a shortened APTT in patients with cancer with elevated circulating levels of soluble P-Selectin and TSP1. Our laboratory is currently investigating in more detail this interesting finding as well as the prospective clinical follow up of patients included in Groups II and III. Plasma Determinations Parameter Group I Group II Group III P Value Normal Range APTT: 24.2–35.3 seconds aPTT 29.3±2.7 28.2±2.3 23±1.0 0.01 sP-Selectin 23.2±4 25.4±9 44.0±11 0.001 TSP1 382±39 871±496 1246±295 0.001

scholarly journals Variation in Coronary Artery Disease Pattern and Risk Factors among Female Patients of Dierent Age Groups in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Shitil Ibna Islam ◽  
Md Nurul Amin ◽  
Sahela Nasrin ◽  
F Aaysha Cader
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Artery Disease

Background & objective: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a devastating life-threatening condition which varies with respect to age and sex. In Bangladesh a large number of patients currently undergoes coronary angiography for a variety of indications. Due to physiological changes after menopause, the females are more prone to develop CAD. So, the risk factors and pattern of CAD in female are subject change with changing ages. The objective of this study was to compare the risk factors and pattern of CAD in female patients of different age groups. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute (ICHRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh between September 2005 to August 2016. All female patients (n = 7,627) who underwent coronary angiography during the period were included. They were identified from ICHRI dedicated Cath-lab Database. The patients were divided into three groups based on their age (Group-I ≤45 years, Group-II from age 46 to age 60 and Group-III from age 60 years onwards). A stenosis of ≥ 70% in any of the three major coronary arteries like Left Anterior Descending (LAD), Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and Left Circumflex Artery (LCX) was considered as significant stenosis, while a stenosis of ≥ 50% in left main stem (LMS) was considered significant for left main disease. The data pertaining to their risk factors and angiographic profile were compared among the three age groups to find the association of risk factors and angiographic pattern of the CAD at different age groups. Result: All the risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and CKD) demonstrated their significant presence in Group II and III compared to those in Group I, while they were almost identical between Group II and III. More than 40% of the patients were overweight in all age groups and around 20% were obese including a negligible proportion with morbid obesity. ST-segment elevation MI, NSTEMI (Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction), prior MI (Myocardial infarction), and ALVF (Acute left ventricular failure) were significantly higher in Group III than the two other groups had. However, unstable angina was significantly higher in age-group I & II and atypical chest pain in Group I. Incidence of Single vessel disease (SVD) was considerably higher in group II. Double vessel diseases DVD), Triple vessel disease (TVD), LM disease was significantly higher in group III compared to two other groups. Normal CAG (Coronary angiography) finding was higher among group I, although it was not significantly different from other two groups. Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of conventional risk factors including overweight/obesity is almost similar between middle-aged and elderly women, while they are significantly lower in early middle-aged group. The elderly women usually present with STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction), non-STEMI, stable CAD, ALVF, while middle-aged women commonly present with UA (Unstable Angina) and early middle-aged women with atypical chest pain. Severe CAD including and LM disease is relatively common in elderly women than those in their early middle-aged and middle-aged cohorts. Coronary artery disease advances with advancing age. Health-care providers should not underestimate the cardiac health of women. Ibrahim Card Med J 2019; 9 (1&2): 60-66

scholarly journals Denture-Related Stomatitis Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Maciąg ◽  
Grzegorz Osmenda ◽  
Daniel Nowakowski ◽  
Grzegorz Wilk ◽  
Anna Maciąg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Oral Inflammation

Oral inflammation, such as periodontitis, can lead to endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, and vascular dysfunction. The relationship between vascular dysfunction and other common forms of oral infections such as denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is unknown. Similar risk factors predispose to both conditions including smoking, diabetes, age, and obesity. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate endothelial function and major vascular disease risk factors in 44 consecutive patients with dentures with clinical and microbiological features of DRS (n=20) and without DRS (n=24). While there was a tendency for higher occurrence of diabetes and smoking, groups did not differ significantly in respect to major vascular disease risk factors. Groups did not differ in main ambulatory blood pressure, total cholesterol, or even CRP. Importantly, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was significantly lower in DRS than in non-DRS subjects, while nitroglycerin induced vasorelaxation (NMD) or intima-media thickness (IMT) was similar. Interestingly, while triglyceride levels were normal in both groups, they were higher in DRS subjects, although they did not correlate with either FMD or NMD.Conclusions. Denture related stomatitis is associated with endothelial dysfunction in elderly patients with dentures. This is in part related to the fact that diabetes and smoking increase risk of both DRS and cardiovascular disease.

Influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype, exercise and other risk factors on endothelial function in healthy individuals

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine H. PULLIN ◽  
John F. WILSON ◽  
Pauline A.L. ASHFIELD-WATT ◽  
Zoë E. CLARK ◽  
Jenny M. WHITING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Healthy Individuals

Cardiovascular disease has a multifactorial aetiology that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Endothelial dysfunction is a key event in the pathogenesis of vascular disease that occurs before structural vascular changes or clinical symptoms are evident. Conventional risk factors, for example hypertension and diabetes mellitus, are associated with endothelial dysfunction, but the influence of other putative risk factors is not clear. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype, a common polymorphism that induces hyperhomocysteinaemia, has been proposed as being a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A total of 126healthy adults recruited by MTHFR C677T genotype (42 of each genotype, i.e. CC, CT and TT) underwent assessment of endothelial function. Brachial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was measured using high-resolution ultrasonic vessel ‘wall-tracking’. Using multiple regression analysis, MTHFR genotype and 21 other subject and subject-lifestyle variables were investigated as potential predictors of endothelial function. FMD was influenced positively by frequency of aerobic exercise and by hormone replacement therapy, and negatively by increases in systolic blood pressure. MTHFR C677T genotype and the associated variation in plasma homocysteine levels did not influence FMD. Additionally, other factors, including plasma cholesterol and self-supplementation with either antioxidant vitamins or cod liver oil, showed no significant relationship with FMD, although these findings are compromised by the narrow range studied for cholesterol and the small number of subjects taking supplements. These observations have implications for risk factor management in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Intima-media thickness and endothelial dysfunction in GCK and HNF1A-MODY patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szopa ◽  
Grzegorz Osmenda ◽  
Grzegorz Wilk ◽  
Bartłomiej Matejko ◽  
Jan Skupien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Flow

ObjectiveMutations in the glucokinase (GCK) gene, along with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) gene mutations, are the most frequent cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). GCK-MODY patients are typically characterized by a moderate fasting hyperglycemia; however, little is known about atherosclerosis and intermediate-related phenotypes in these subjects.DesignTo examine carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and endothelial function assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in GCK gene mutations carriers and HNF1A-MODY.MethodsA total of 64 subjects with GCK gene mutations, and 52 HNF1A gene mutation carriers as well as 53 nondiabetic controls were examined. IMT and FMD were assessed by ultrasonography. Appropriate statistical tests were performed to assess differences between the groups, and multivariate linear regression was done for the association with IMT and FMD.ResultsThe clinical characteristics of all groups were similar with the mean age at examination of 35.1, 41.1, and 39.5 years for GCK, HNF1A and the control group respectively. The highest mean IMT value was in the HNF1A-MODY group: 7.0±1.4 mm, whereas it reached 6.3±1.4 mm in GCK mutation carriers and 6.3±1.3 mm in controls (P=0.008). After adjustment for possible clinical and biochemical cofounders, IMT remained higher in HNF1A-MODY patients as compared with GCK-MODY patients (P=0.02) and controls (P=0.0003). FMD was significantly lower in HNF1A (9.9±4.6%) and GCK-MODY (11.1±4.6%) patients in comparison with controls (13.9±4.7%; P=0.0001). After adjustment, FMD remained lower in HNF1A-MODY (P=0.0005) and GCK-MODY patients (P=0.01) as compared with controls.ConclusionsBoth examined MODY groups demonstrated evidence of endothelial dysfunction. In addition, HNF1-MODY patients seem to be more prone to an early atherosclerotic phenotype.

scholarly journals To study the endothelial dysfunction by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation in coronary artery disease patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Mahendra Chouhan ◽  
Sohan Singh Mandloi ◽  
Archana Kansal ◽  
O. P. Jatav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Flow

Background: Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (BAFMD), assessed by high resolution ultrasonography, reflects endothelium dependent vasodilator function. BAFMD is diminished in patients with atherosclerosis and with coronary risk factors and improves with risk reduction therapy.Methods: Study was conducted on 50 patients of coronary artery disease from In-patients who were admitted in the Department of Medicine and 25 healthy control without cardiovascular disease risk factors. All patients having established CAD i.e. Acute coronary syndrome and past history of CABG/angioplasty were included in study. Those morbidly ill and patients with evidence of chronic inflammatory or malignant disease were excluded. Doppler ultrasound of brachial artery was performed in all of them to assess baseline lumen diameter and flow mediated dilatation (i.e. percent change in brachial artery diameter after occlusion cuff release). Patients were divided into two groups; first group was classified as those having BAFMD less than 7.5% and the second group consisted patients having BAFMD less than 10%.Results: Flow mediated dilatation in cases was 6.87±5.48% as compared to the control group in which it was 13.08±3.40% and was statistically significant (P value 0.000002). Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation was abnormal in 80% cases at a cut off value <10% significant abnormalities; i.e. BAFMD <7.5% was found in 66% patients.Conclusions: Endothelial function as assessed by FMD is significantly impaired in patient of coronary artery disease. Hence it may be used as an important screening tool in people having cardiovascular disease risk factors and may play as a crucial role in preventive cardiology.  

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