scholarly journals Study of hypokalemia and correlation with severity of disease in patients with COVID-19 positive severe acute respiratory illness and COVID-19 negative severe acute respiratory illness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talavara Mahendra ◽  
Madhumathi R. ◽  
Supriyaa Bhakthavatchalam B. ◽  
Siddesh N. Nijaguna
Keyword(s):  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Background: Although the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is creating a major global health crisis, the risk factors for mortality and the detailed clinical course of disease has not yet established. Clinical spectrum of the disease varies from mild symptoms to ARDS. The main objective of this study was to determine hypokalemia and correlation of severity of disease with hypokalemia in patients with COVID-19 positive SARI (severe acute respiratory illness) and COVID-19 negative SARI patients.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 265 SARI patients who were admitted in hospitals attached to BMCRI from April 2019 to December 2019. History was taken, general and systemic examination was done. Patients were categorized and selected patients with moderate and severe illness. RT-PCR for COVID-19 patients done using throat and nasal swab. Potassium levels were estimated and correlated with severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative status.Results: The study included 265 SARI patients, of which 135 were COVID-19 positive patients and 130 were COVID-19 negative. Patients categorized into moderate and severe SARI. Mean age of subjects with COVD-19 positive (severe) was higher, 58.70±15.598 followed by COVID-19 positive (moderate), 55.13±14.480. About 30% (N=90) belonged to severe SARI group, Chi square test showed statistical significant association with respect to age. In this study there was no statistically significant hypokalemia found between COVID-19 positive SARI patients (N=20, 14.81%) and COVID-19 negative SARI patients (N=17, 13.07%). However hypokalemia COVID-19 positive SARI patients 14.81% (N=20) and COVID-19 negative SARI patients 13.07% (N=17). And also there is no statistically significant hypokalemia between SARI severe and SARI moderate cases.Conclusions: However in this study there is no statistically significant hypokalemia found between COVID-19 positive SARI patients and COVID-19 negative SARI patients. And also there is not statistically significant hypokalemia between SARI severe and SARI moderate cases. Hypokalemia is found in both in both COVID-19 positive SARI patients and COVID-19 negative SARI patients and relatively more in COVID-19 positive patients. Hypokalemia is one of the treatable condition and early detection and treatment reduces mortality.

scholarly journals Outbreak of severe acute respiratory infection in Southern Province, Sri Lanka in 2018: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040612
Author(s):  
Sky Vanderburg ◽  
Gaya Wijayaratne ◽  
Nayomi Danthanarayana ◽  
Jude Jayamaha ◽  
Bhagya Piyasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Province

ObjectivesTo determine aetiology of illness among children and adults presenting during outbreak of severe respiratory illness in Southern Province, Sri Lanka, in 2018.DesignProspective, cross-sectional study.Setting1600-bed, public, tertiary care hospital in Southern Province, Sri Lanka.Participants410 consecutive patients, including 371 children and 39 adults, who were admitted with suspected viral pneumonia (passive surveillance) or who met case definition for acute respiratory illness (active surveillance) in May to June 2018.ResultsWe found that cocirculation of influenza A (22.6% of cases), respiratory syncytial virus (27.8%) and adenovirus (AdV) (30.7%; type B3) was responsible for the outbreak. Mortality was noted in 4.5% of paediatric cases identified during active surveillance. Virus type and viral coinfection were not significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionsThis is the first report of intense cocirculation of multiple respiratory viruses as a cause of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory illness in Sri Lanka, and the first time that AdV has been documented as a cause of a respiratory outbreak in the country. Our results emphasise the need for continued vigilance in surveying for known and emerging respiratory viruses in the tropics.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution due to Inadequate Ventilation and its Impact on Health among Children of Less Than Five Years in Eastern Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijay Thapa ◽  
Nitendra Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Inadequate Ventilation ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: According to WHO, half of the developing world’s population depend on biomass (wood, dung and agricultural residues) and coal for such basic needs as cooking and heating. The smoke produced from the burning of these solid fuels on open fires or traditional stoves is referred to as indoor air pollution. IAP increases the risk of COPD and of acute respiratory illness in childhood, the most important cause of death among children less than 5 years of age in developing countries. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of IAP in terms of housing, overcrowding & ventilation. To assess the frequency, extent of biomass exposure and hazards on child health. Materials and methods: The cross sectional study was carried out in the Urban area of Katahari V.D.C. 4,6,7,8 for the duration of 6 months from February to August 2013 among 200 households. Lottery method was used to choose the wards and households. Data were analyzed using percentages, proportions and statistical test (chi-square test). Results: Due to excessive production of smoke and inadequate ventilation/chimney in the kitchen, such houses showed more prevalence of respiratory problems. Fifty percent of children were ill more than four times and 46% were seen at least twice. Almost all of them had experienced respiratory problems and 20% children were diagnosed with pneumonia in health facilities and treated. Ill ventilated kitchen, rooms along with dampness and absence of day light were the main factors contributing to the diseases comprising of 56%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10052 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.3(1) 2014; 35-39  

scholarly journals Determinants of quality of life among COVID-19 patients in Southwestern region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Md. Injamul Haq Methun ◽  
M. Sheikh Giash Uddin ◽  
Iqramul Haq ◽  
Md. Asaduzzaman Noor ◽  
Md. Jakaria Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Value Set ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives: The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented health crisis and dramatically changed human lives. This study aims to identify risk factors related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among COVID-19 patients who were discharged from the hospital. Material and Methods: A total of 557 COVID-19 patients of Jhenaidah district of Bangladesh who had tested positive before February 1 of 2021 were selected for this cross-sectional study. The EuroQol 5-dimensional-5 level questionnaire was used to measure the HRQoL. Thai value set was used to assess the full health status. Chi-square test was used to find out the association of HRQoL with sociodemographic and clinical factors. Finally, logistic regression was used to find out the predictors of the dimensions of HRQoL. Results: Using the Thai value set, it is observed that 57.27% of participants had reported that they had experienced moderate or severe health problems. About 40.57% of the respondent reported anxiety or depression, whereas 39.14% of the participants had experienced moderate or severe pain or discomfort. The result of the logistic regression showed that age, gender, occupation, place of care, heart problems, and diabetes significantly affect various dimensions of the HRQoL. Conclusion: The COVID-19 significantly depletes the health condition of the patients in both mental and physical aspects. Therefore, the policy-makers and government should need to come with comprehensive strategies to reduce the psychological and physical health woe of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical features of human metapneumovirus in hospitalised paediatric patients with acute respiratory illness: a cross-sectional study in Southern China, from 2013 to 2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Wenkuan Liu ◽  
Donglan Liu ◽  
Dehui Chen ◽  
Weiping Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Patients

ObjectivesHuman metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the most important respiratory viral pathogens affecting infants and children worldwide. Our study describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HMPV present in patients hospitalised with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Guangzhou, Southern China.Study designA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou.Participants and methodsThroat swabs were collected over a 3-year period from 5133 paediatric patients (≤14 years) hospitalised with ARI. Patients who are HMPV positive with clinical presentations (101/103) were recorded for further analysis.ResultsOf the 5133 patients included in the study, 103 (2.0%) were positive for HMPV. HMPV was more prevalent in children ≤5 years (2.2%, 98/4399) compared with older children (>5–14 years) (0.7%, 5/734) (P=0.004). Two seasonal HMPV peaks were observed each year and mainly occurred in spring and early summer. Overall, 18.4% (19/103) of patients who are HMPV positive were codetected with other pathogens, most frequently respiratory syncytial virus (36.8%, 7/19). Patients who are HMPV positive presented with a wide spectrum of clinical features, including cough (100.0%, 101/101), abnormal pulmonary breath sound (91.1%, 92/101), fever (88.1%, 89/101), expectoration (77.2%, 78/101), coryza (50.5%, 51/101) and wheezing (46.5%, 47/101). The main diagnosis of patients who are HMPV positive was bronchopneumonia (66.7%, 56/84). Fever (≥38˚C) (91.6%, 76/83) was detected more often in patients with only HMPV detected than in patients with HMPV plus other pathogen(s) detected (72.2%, 13/18) (P=0.037), whereas diarrhoea was more common in patients with HMPV plus other pathogen(s) detected (22.2%, 4/18), compared with patients with HMPV only (3.6%, 3/83) (P=0.018).ConclusionsHMPV is an important respiratory pathogen in children with ARI in Guangzhou, particularly in children ≤5 years old. HMPV has a seasonal variation. Bronchopneumonia is a major diagnosis in patients who are HMPV positive.

scholarly journals Comparison of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio among severe acute respiratory illness COVID-19 positive and negative patients and to correlate with disease severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guruprasad C. Shenoy ◽  
Madhumathi Ramaiah ◽  
Shreedevi Kamaraddi ◽  
Pallavi Somashekar ◽  
Sachin Katte Subramanya
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Background: COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, has caused a wide impact globally. Clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges widely including asymptomatic infection, mild upper respiratory tract infection, severe pneumonia, ARDS, MODS and even death. Neutrophil-lymphocyte (NL) ratio is an indicator of systemic inflammatory response. Many previous studies have shown NL ratio to be good prognostic marker for COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: A study was conducted on 265 SARI (severe acute respiratory illness) patients who were admitted in hospitals attached to BMCRI between May 2020 and September 2020. History was taken, general and systemic examination was done. Patients were categorized into moderate and severe illness. RT-PCR for all patients was done using throat and nasal swab. Total WBC counts and differential counts were estimated. NL ratio was correlated with pneumonia severity and compared between COVID-19 positive and negative SARI.Results: The study included 265 SARI patients, of which 135 were COVID-19 positive patients and 130 were COVID-19 negative. The patients were further sub-categorised into moderate and severe SARI. Mean age for COVID-19 positive severe SARI was higher than the moderate SARI. Males were majority of the subjects. Out of 265, 99 patients (37.4%) had diabetes. Out of this, 34 (42%) were COVID-19 positive (severe) followed by 28 (51.9%) COVID-19 positive (moderate). Mean NL ratio was higher in COVID-19 positive (severe) subjects 15.95±10.31 followed by COVID-19 positive (moderate) subjects 8.99±6.22. There was significant difference with respect to NL ratio between COVID-19 positive and negative subjects. NL ratio levels were high in subjects having diabetes in COVID-19 positive severe sub group and COVID-19 positive severe hypertension sub group as compared to other sub groups.Conclusions: NL ratio was higher in patients with COVID-19 positive SARI as compared to COVID-19 negative SARI. There was significant correlation between increase in NL ratio and disease severity of COVID-19 positive pneumonia. We found that increase in NL ratio was associated with co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliansari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable  showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

Analisis Faktor Determinan yang berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Rekomendasi Modifikasi Gaya Hidup Pasien Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dan non farmakologis dipercaya dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan mencegah komplikasi, tetapi banyak pasien hipertensi tekanan darahnya tidak terkontrol. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kepatuhan yang buruk dalam melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan faktor yang berhungan dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional di pukesmas dinoyo Kota Malang tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, pengetahuan dan rekomendasi mofifikasi gaya hidup pasien hipertensi. Hubungan antara rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup dengan variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis regresi logistik. 140 pasien hipertensi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (60 laki-laki, 80 wanita). Prevalensi kepatuhan adalah 28,6 %. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan  dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup (p=0,00). Jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup (p= 0,06; p=0,21; p=0,87). Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological is believed to control blood pressure and prevent complications,  but many hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. This is due to poor adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pukesmas Dinoyo Malang in 2019. Consecutive Sampling was used to select study subjects. The questionnaire included information about demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice of lifestyle-modification measures. Associations between adherence to lifestyle modification and independent variables were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 140 hypertensive patients participated in the study (60 men, 80 women). The prevalence of adherence was 28.6%. The level of knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications (p = 0.00). Genders , age, and educational level were no significant associated with to recommended lifestyle modifications (p= 0.06; p=0.21; p=0.87). Knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients.

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