scholarly journals Reasons for default and death among tuberculosis cases treated under revised national tuberculosis control program in selected tuberculosis units of Bangalore urban district of Karnataka state

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath M. P.
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Continuation Phase ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of great antiquity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a formidable pathogen. Tuberculosis still remains a worldwide problem, despite the facts that proper medications are available to treat the condition. Defaulting from the treatment is a serious issue in the treatment failure. The current study was undertaken to understand the default rate, death and its reasons among the TB patients who underwent treatment in two selected DOTS centre at Bangalore Urban district of Karnataka state.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 default patients treated under RNTCP at two randomly selected TB centres. The interview was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Patient's relatives were interviewed in case of deaths. Appropriate statistics were used to find the significance.Results: Among the total study subjects, the 75% of the cases were males, 71.9% were in the age group 15-44 years. More than 46% of the patients were registered in category-1. The study observed that 70% of the patients defaulted during the continuation phase and only 30% defaulting was observed in the initial phase. Migration, side effects of the drugs and alcohol addiction were the major reasons for discontinuing from therapy. Maximum death (52%) was observed among Cat-1 followed by Cat-2 and the highest death rate was observed among >45 years age group.Conclusions: The study concludes that the default was prevalent among the study population, migration and untoward effects of the drugs were the important factors of default.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis, difficulties and facilities for Nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e20985302
Author(s):  
Elicarlos Marques Nunes ◽  
Eitan Naaman Berezin
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
The One

The study proposed to analyze the amenities and difficulties faced by nurses’ professionals in the fight against tuberculosis within the field of primary health care. This was a cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach. The sample consisted of 36 participants, all of whom were nurses. The statistical program IRaMuTeQ was applied and we also applied Laurence Bardin and Minayo content analysis to discuss both aprioristic and non-aprioristic categories. In the study it was clear that the difficulties are diversified, such as: personal matters from the professionals, physical and organizational structure, awareness of patients and family about the therapeutic process and the administration, the latter being the one most pointed out as difficult; regarding the amenities, the multi-professional work and protocols defined by the National Tuberculosis Control Program were pointed out. The study proves that the administrative question is the key to the function of the entire process of fighting tuberculosis, serving as a reference for improvements and adjustments.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practices about contraceptive in Western Rajasthan, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2786
Author(s):  
Gayatri Aseri ◽  
Sudesh Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraceptive methods among women attending a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, PBM and the associated group of hospitals, attached to Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Total 500 married women between age group 15-49 yrs were included. These all women interviewed using a structured questionnaire after approval of the hospital’s ethical committee.Results: Total 500 women interviewed for their knowledge, attitude, and practices about contraception. Out of which, 402 (80.4%) women had some knowledge of at least one contraception method at the time of the study.  The most common sources of information about contraception were husband and family member. Amongst the various contraceptives most commonly known was condom (78.4%). Only 265 (53%) women were practicing contraception at present. Most commonly used contraceptive was condom (40.8%). The most common reason for the non-practice of contraception was need of more child or male child in 34.8% families followed by opposition from in-laws (12.4%).Conclusions: Literacy was positively associated with family planning related knowledge and practices. Preconception knowledge and practices about contraception are poor in our study population. Many of the women were getting MTP pills over the counter without consulting to health care persons and then later presents with complications.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice about Mosquito Born Disease among Rural Population of Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
V. Pragadeesh Raja ◽  
G. Ravivarman ◽  
E. Venmathi ◽  
M. Salomi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Breeding Place ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Mosquito are one of the well known causing many diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Lymphatic Filariasis, Japanese Encephalitis. They are more prevalent in rural area due to various social factors and lack of knowledge. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of people and their practices regarding mosquito borne diseases in rural areas of Kancheepuram district, Tamilnadu. Materials and Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among the residents of Pooncheri, Kancheepuram district of Tamilnadu, between the period of August 2017 to September 2017 among 124 houses selected. After obtaining informed consent from the participants they were interviewed using a pretested semi structured questionnaire regarding their knowledge and practices on mosquito borne diseases. Results: The study reported that in case of any symptoms suspected to be of mosquito born disease majority of the study population 82.2% reported consulting doctors.  The most preferred mode of prevention of mosquito bite was usage of spray (33.9%) in the breeding place followed by usage of electric repellents (31.4%). Conclusion: The study indicated that majority of the study population were unaware bout the prevention practices despite knowing about these diseases. Thus, arises the need for effective propagation in the rural area about prevention strategies of mosquito born disease through mass education and social media.

scholarly journals Thin-layer agar (TL7H11) for rapid isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Habiba Binte Alam ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Chandan Kumar Roy ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Mean Time

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major causes of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The early detection of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis is an important goal in tuberculosis control program.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> 1n this study, thin layer agar (TLA) culture was compared with Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture for rapid detection of pulmonary tuberculosis.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a cross sectional study conducted in National Tuberculosis Reference Labora­tory (NTRL) of National Institute of Disease of Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka, from July 2010 to June 2011. A total of 100 sputum smear positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Z-N staining, pulmonary tuberculosis patients were included in this study. Samples were processed by modified Petroff method and then cultured on thin layer 7H11(TL7H11) plates and L-J tubes. TL7H11 plates were observed microscopically for rnicrocolony growth once a week for 6 weeks, and L-J tubes were observed once a week for 8 weeks.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The recovery rates of mycobacteria on only TLA, only LJ and on both media were 90%, 97% and 88% respectively. Overall positivity was 99% in both L-J and TLA media. Mean time for detection of mycobacteria on TLA was 9.04±1.66 days compared to 21.78±6.19 days on L-J media. The rate of contamination was higher (6%) in L-J media than in TLA media (4%). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The TL7H11 media can be used as an alternative to the Lowenstein-Jensen medium for early isolation of mycobacteria in resource constrained settings.</p>

scholarly journals Technology Enhanced Learning in Undergraduate Pharmacology through Online Quizzes: A Pedagogical Approach and Medical Students’ Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Sujit Kumar Sarker ◽  
Geethanjali Bhas ◽  
Vijaya Marakala ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Online Quizzes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Enhanced Learning ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Technology enhanced learning in medical curriculum is expanding rapidly because of research showing the benefits for learners in terms of engagement, convenience, attainment and enjoyment. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to explore medical students’ perspective on technology enhanced learning in undergraduate pharmacology. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine during 2016 for a period of three (3) months. Second year MBBS students who were studying in the International Medical School, Management & Science University,Selangor, Malaysia with the age group of equal or more than 18 years of age with both sexes were selected as study population. Several online quizzes were conducted by Quizizz. Data were analysed after online quizzes using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total number of 42 students were involved in this study. Among these 35(83.33%) surveyed students were strongly agreed with timing for answering the questions however, 39(92.86%) strongly agreed that quizzes stimulate interest in pharmacology and 28(66.67%) strongly agreed that quizzes improve knowledge and skill in pharmacology. Most of the students suggested to continue online quizzes. Conclusion:Systematic analysis and stratification of students’ perceptions regarding technology enhanced learning initiatives such as online quizzes are essential in gaining insight for educational planning and interventions in pharmacology. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):14-17

Post-destructive eye surgery, associated depression at Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital Eye Unit, Zimbabwe: Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Kawome ◽  
R. Masanganise
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Eye Surgery ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Destructive eye surgery is associated with more complications than just loss of visual functions of the eye and aesthetics. Currently there is very little published literature on post-destructive eye surgery associated depression. Zimbabwe has been experiencing a surge in the rate of destructive eye surgery done at the National Tertiary Eye Unit. This situation could be churning out lots of unrecognized depressed clients into the community who require assistance in one form or another.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of post-destructive eye surgery associated depression among patients attending Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital Eye Unit and assess if the current management protocol of patients undergoing destructive eye surgery at the Eye Unit addresses the problem adequately.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 28 randomly selected patients who had destructive eye surgeries at Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital was conducted over five months from 1st March 2012 to end of July 2012. A structured questionnaire containing 15 questions on the following items: gender, age, diagnosis, surgical procedure done, expectations before and after surgery, adequacy of counseling given and involvement of family was used to collect data. Nine questions to assess depression were adapted from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).Setting:  The study was conducted at SekuruKaguvi Hospital Eye Unit, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals in Harare.Results:  Twenty-eight patients who underwent destructive eye surgery during the study period were selected using systematic random sampling. The gender ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 38.7 years with a range from 24 to 65 years. Fifty percent of the patients in the study had orbital exenteration while the rest had enucleation (14%) and evisceration (36%). Twenty-eight percent of the study population had depression.Conclusion: Destructive eye surgery is frequently associated with depression and our current management protocol of patients undergoing destructive eye surgery does not address this problem.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG AMONG DRIVERS IN NORTH CHENNAI– A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aravind Raj G V ◽  
Umashankar R
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background. Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in a population of drivers in Chennai, India. Methods. The study population included drivers working in Chennai city. Blood pressure, height, and weight of subjects were measured, and relevance was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Results. Age varied from 30 to 60 years with the mean age of 43 years. Among 400 drivers studied, 33% of them were hypertensive and based on diastolic and systolic blood pressure, 15% of them were in pre-hypertensive and 28% of the were in stage -1 HTN and 31% of them were in stage-2 HTN. Obesity, Smoking, alcohol and history diabetes play a major risk factor the development of hypertension Conclusion. Prevalence of hypertension was high among drivers. Life style may play a key role in the development of hypertension along with duration of work and behavioral pattern.Prevention strategies need to be emphasized in this kind of occupational group.

scholarly journals Source of previous anti-TB treatment for re-treatment TB cases registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program in Pondicherry

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Niranjjan ◽  
Swaroop Kumar Sahu ◽  
Gautam Roy ◽  
S. Arul Vijaya Vani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control

Background: Re-treatment TB cases are still a big challenge to National TB control programme. The objectives of the study were among retreatment TB cases, to study the source of previous anti-TB treatment, to find the time delays in initiating re-treatment and to find the risk factors for initiating retreatment under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) in Pondicherry.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Source, date of completion or interruption of recent previous anti-TB treatment, missed doses, DM status; smoking and alcohol intake in the past TB treatment were collected using pretested structured questionnaire and available records. Data was entered in EpiData software version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS v20.Results: Of 241 re-treatment TB patients, the proportion of relapse, TAD, failure and others were 52%, 24%, 12.4% and 11.6 respectively. About 90% [95% CI (85.6-93.2)] had received their recent previous anti-TB treatment from RNTCP sources. In multivariate analysis, Age >24 years, below secondary level of education and relapse cases have independently associated with RNTCP source of previous TB treatment. The median time interval of re-registration for relapse, TAD, failure and others were 334, 211, 140 and 53 days respectively. This difference between groups are statistically significant (p<0.0001). Almost one out of four retreatment TB patient was known diabetic. More than half of retreatment TB patients had consumed alcohol during their recent previous TB treatment.Conclusions: The public-private partnership is better in Pondicherry as only 10% of re-treatment TB cases were previously treated from Non-RNTCP sources. There is a scope for reducing the time between declaration of failure and initiation of re-treatment TB regimen. Screening and appropriate counselling of all registered TB patients for smoking and alcohol intake may be necessary.

scholarly journals Teachers views about the preparation of questions for question bank on the basis of subject content for the formative assessment of the department.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sanjida Tasnim ◽  
Saria Tasnim ◽  
Kazi Khairul Alam ◽  
ABM Rizwanur Rahman ◽  
Raihan Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the teachers views about the preparation of questions for question bank on the basis of subject content for the formative assessment of the department. The study was conducted in four government and four non-government dental colleges. The teachers of the selected dental colleges were the study population and sample size was total of a 165 in which were 53 head of the department and 112 lecturers. Data was collected from the teachers with a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS 19. The questionnaire included different types of opinion about the question bank. In this study, tried to extract the information mainly about how a full phased question bank works in a dental college including question pattern and answer key preparation, moderation & constant development of the question bank, key personnel who directly involved with question preparation. Faculty members expressed their valuable opinions about different types of formative questions where it was found that Assistant Professors were closely involved with question preparation rather than other faculty members. The study also explores that even if formative questions were well prepared but lack of standard answers, rating scales and accepted checklist made the ultimate process of accessing question bank becomes challenging to conduct specific exams. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(2) July 2021: 23-29

scholarly journals ACCESSIBILITY AND USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
N. A. Isabel ◽  
A. E. Efe ◽  
O. I. Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem worldwide. Among contributory factors is increasing easy access to antibiotics which is a trend in developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the accessibility and use of antibiotics. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in eight community pharmacies in Benin City, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Administrative approval was obtained from the superintendent pharmacists, while informed consent was sought from all study participants. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Of the 450 participants in the study, most [329 (73.11%)] had used antibiotics in the last six months before their current visit to the pharmacy, 207 (46%) of them took the antibiotic without laboratory investigation. Many [274 (60.89%)] of the participants had an antibiotic among the medications they got from the pharmacy on their current visit. More than half [289 (64.22%)] of the participants sometimes got antibiotics without prescription. More Pharmacists recommended antibiotics for participants compared to doctors (44.11%: 24.44%), while more than half of the study population (62.89%) got their antibiotics from pharmacies. Many [295 (65.56%)] of the participants think that the country should regulate antibiotic use. This study has shown that community pharmacy is a major outlet where patients source antibiotics sometimes without a prescription, thus denoting that many patients self-medicate with antibiotics. The need for incorporating community pharmacists in developing guidelines for prescribing and using antibiotics is crucial.

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