Post-destructive eye surgery, associated depression at Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital Eye Unit, Zimbabwe: Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Kawome ◽  
R. Masanganise
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Eye Surgery ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Destructive eye surgery is associated with more complications than just loss of visual functions of the eye and aesthetics. Currently there is very little published literature on post-destructive eye surgery associated depression. Zimbabwe has been experiencing a surge in the rate of destructive eye surgery done at the National Tertiary Eye Unit. This situation could be churning out lots of unrecognized depressed clients into the community who require assistance in one form or another.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of post-destructive eye surgery associated depression among patients attending Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital Eye Unit and assess if the current management protocol of patients undergoing destructive eye surgery at the Eye Unit addresses the problem adequately.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 28 randomly selected patients who had destructive eye surgeries at Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital was conducted over five months from 1st March 2012 to end of July 2012. A structured questionnaire containing 15 questions on the following items: gender, age, diagnosis, surgical procedure done, expectations before and after surgery, adequacy of counseling given and involvement of family was used to collect data. Nine questions to assess depression were adapted from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).Setting:  The study was conducted at SekuruKaguvi Hospital Eye Unit, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals in Harare.Results:  Twenty-eight patients who underwent destructive eye surgery during the study period were selected using systematic random sampling. The gender ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 38.7 years with a range from 24 to 65 years. Fifty percent of the patients in the study had orbital exenteration while the rest had enucleation (14%) and evisceration (36%). Twenty-eight percent of the study population had depression.Conclusion: Destructive eye surgery is frequently associated with depression and our current management protocol of patients undergoing destructive eye surgery does not address this problem.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practices about contraceptive in Western Rajasthan, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2786
Author(s):  
Gayatri Aseri ◽  
Sudesh Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraceptive methods among women attending a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, PBM and the associated group of hospitals, attached to Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Total 500 married women between age group 15-49 yrs were included. These all women interviewed using a structured questionnaire after approval of the hospital’s ethical committee.Results: Total 500 women interviewed for their knowledge, attitude, and practices about contraception. Out of which, 402 (80.4%) women had some knowledge of at least one contraception method at the time of the study.  The most common sources of information about contraception were husband and family member. Amongst the various contraceptives most commonly known was condom (78.4%). Only 265 (53%) women were practicing contraception at present. Most commonly used contraceptive was condom (40.8%). The most common reason for the non-practice of contraception was need of more child or male child in 34.8% families followed by opposition from in-laws (12.4%).Conclusions: Literacy was positively associated with family planning related knowledge and practices. Preconception knowledge and practices about contraception are poor in our study population. Many of the women were getting MTP pills over the counter without consulting to health care persons and then later presents with complications.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice about Mosquito Born Disease among Rural Population of Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
V. Pragadeesh Raja ◽  
G. Ravivarman ◽  
E. Venmathi ◽  
M. Salomi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Breeding Place ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Mosquito are one of the well known causing many diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Lymphatic Filariasis, Japanese Encephalitis. They are more prevalent in rural area due to various social factors and lack of knowledge. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of people and their practices regarding mosquito borne diseases in rural areas of Kancheepuram district, Tamilnadu. Materials and Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among the residents of Pooncheri, Kancheepuram district of Tamilnadu, between the period of August 2017 to September 2017 among 124 houses selected. After obtaining informed consent from the participants they were interviewed using a pretested semi structured questionnaire regarding their knowledge and practices on mosquito borne diseases. Results: The study reported that in case of any symptoms suspected to be of mosquito born disease majority of the study population 82.2% reported consulting doctors.  The most preferred mode of prevention of mosquito bite was usage of spray (33.9%) in the breeding place followed by usage of electric repellents (31.4%). Conclusion: The study indicated that majority of the study population were unaware bout the prevention practices despite knowing about these diseases. Thus, arises the need for effective propagation in the rural area about prevention strategies of mosquito born disease through mass education and social media.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced albuminuria is related to metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. F1192-F1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Greenberg ◽  
Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty ◽  
Ori Rogowski ◽  
Itzhak Shapira ◽  
David Zeltser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Exercise Induced

Microalbuminuria (MA) is a known marker for endothelial dysfunction and future cardiovascular events. Exercise-induced albuminuria (EiA) may precede the appearance of MA. Associations between EiA and metabolic syndrome (MS) have not been assessed so far. Our aim was to investigate this association in a large sample of apparently healthy individuals with no baseline albuminuria. This was a cross-sectional study of 2,027 adults with no overt cardiovascular diseases who took part in a health survey program and had no baseline MA. Diagnosis of MS was based on harmonized criteria. All patients underwent an exercise test (Bruce protocol), and urinary albumin was measured before and after the examination. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) values before and after exercise were 0.40 (0.21–0.89) and 1.06 (0.43–2.69) mg/g for median (interquartile range) respectively. A total of 394 (20%) subjects had EiA; ACR rose from normal rest values (0.79 mg/g) to 52.28 mg/g after exercise ( P < 0.001); this effect was not shown for the rest of the study population. EiA was related to higher prevalence of MS (13.8% vs. 27.1%, P < 0.001), higher metabolic equivalents ( P < 0.001), higher baseline blood pressure ( P < 0.001), and higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and body mass index ( P < 0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression model showed that subjects with MS were 98% more likely to have EiA (95% confidence interval: 1.13–3.46, P = 0.016). In conclusion, EiA in the absence of baseline MA is independently related to MS.

scholarly journals Technology Enhanced Learning in Undergraduate Pharmacology through Online Quizzes: A Pedagogical Approach and Medical Students’ Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Sujit Kumar Sarker ◽  
Geethanjali Bhas ◽  
Vijaya Marakala ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Online Quizzes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Enhanced Learning ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Technology enhanced learning in medical curriculum is expanding rapidly because of research showing the benefits for learners in terms of engagement, convenience, attainment and enjoyment. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to explore medical students’ perspective on technology enhanced learning in undergraduate pharmacology. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine during 2016 for a period of three (3) months. Second year MBBS students who were studying in the International Medical School, Management & Science University,Selangor, Malaysia with the age group of equal or more than 18 years of age with both sexes were selected as study population. Several online quizzes were conducted by Quizizz. Data were analysed after online quizzes using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total number of 42 students were involved in this study. Among these 35(83.33%) surveyed students were strongly agreed with timing for answering the questions however, 39(92.86%) strongly agreed that quizzes stimulate interest in pharmacology and 28(66.67%) strongly agreed that quizzes improve knowledge and skill in pharmacology. Most of the students suggested to continue online quizzes. Conclusion:Systematic analysis and stratification of students’ perceptions regarding technology enhanced learning initiatives such as online quizzes are essential in gaining insight for educational planning and interventions in pharmacology. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):14-17

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG AMONG DRIVERS IN NORTH CHENNAI– A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aravind Raj G V ◽  
Umashankar R
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background. Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in a population of drivers in Chennai, India. Methods. The study population included drivers working in Chennai city. Blood pressure, height, and weight of subjects were measured, and relevance was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Results. Age varied from 30 to 60 years with the mean age of 43 years. Among 400 drivers studied, 33% of them were hypertensive and based on diastolic and systolic blood pressure, 15% of them were in pre-hypertensive and 28% of the were in stage -1 HTN and 31% of them were in stage-2 HTN. Obesity, Smoking, alcohol and history diabetes play a major risk factor the development of hypertension Conclusion. Prevalence of hypertension was high among drivers. Life style may play a key role in the development of hypertension along with duration of work and behavioral pattern.Prevention strategies need to be emphasized in this kind of occupational group.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression among hypertensive individuals in urban Trivandrum: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2156
Author(s):  
Prathibha M. T. ◽  
Sara Varghese ◽  
Gokul Dev V. ◽  
Jincy J.
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Study Population

Background: People with chronic diseases are more likely to have depression than those without any physical illness. Lack of adherence to treatment, poor compliance to life style modification therapy and lost to follow up are major concerns raised in the management of hypertension among subjects with co-morbid depression. Hence it is very important to explore the epidemiology of depression among hypertensives. Methods: The study was conducted in Medical College health unit area of urban Trivandrum as a cross sectional survey among adults >18 years who were diagnosed to have hypertension. The subjects were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire to collect the socio-demographic variables and the 9 item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) to capture depression. Data from a sample of 432 hypertensive individuals collected were analyzed and Chi square, t test, was done to find the associated factors. Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 62.47 years. Among the study subjects the blood pressure was under control among only 33.8% of the study population. The prevalence of depression was found to be 33.3% (144) with 95% C.I (27.98-39.14). Gender, Socio economic status, marital status, low educational status, regular physical activity, duration of hypertension, uncontrolled BP, were found to be significantly associated with depression. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among hypertensive individuals is high in this study population. Adequate control of BP along with awareness among primary care physicians in identifying those with hypertension and co-morbid depression is essential. 

scholarly journals Hygiene and Sanitation Practices and the Risk of Morbidity among Children 6–23 Months of Age in Kumbungu District, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusta Azupogo ◽  
Fadilatu Abdul-Rahaman ◽  
Beatrice Gyanteh ◽  
Ambrose Atosona
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background. Poor hygiene and sanitation (WASH) practices are characterised by the manifestation of disease and infections, notably diarrhoea and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) among children. This study aimed to assess the influence of WASH practices on the occurrence of diarrhoea and RTIs among children 6–23 months of age. Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study design was conducted in June 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 300 mothers/caregivers with children aged 6–23 months from 9 communities in the Kumbungu District. We assessed the WASH practices, socio-demographic characteristics of the households and the occurrence of diarrhoea and RTIs among the children with a semi-structured questionnaire. The Hygiene Improvement Framework observational guide was adapted for household sanitation. Backward binary multiple logistic regression was used to determine the WASH practices that significantly predicted morbidity. Results. About 53% and 55.3% of the children reportedly experienced diarrhoea and RTIs, respectively, two weeks before the survey. Caregiver handwashing with soap after defecation [OR = 0.32 (95% C.I: 0.19, 0.52)] and before feeding [OR = 0.50 (95% C.I: 0.30, 0.84)] as well as washing the child’s hands with or without soap before feeding [OR = 0.21 (95% C.I: 0.04, 1.01)] were associated with lower odds of diarrhoea morbidity. The main determinants of RTI morbidity included caregiver handwashing with or without soap after defecation [OR = 0.29 (95% C.I: 0.10, 0.81)] and washing of the child’s hands with soap before feeding [OR = 0.60 (95% C.I: 0.37, 0.99)] However, we found no association between household sanitation and diarrhoea as well as RTI among the children. Conclusion. About a half each of the children had diarrhoea and RTI 2 weeks before the survey. The results emphasise the need for urgent targeting of handwashing and waste disposal programmes to avert the high burden of diarrhoea and RTIs among children.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF CHANGES IN BOWEL HABITS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Mello DEL GRANDE ◽  
Luis Fernando Paes LEME ◽  
Francisco Pimenta MARQUES ◽  
Andressa Teruya RAMOS ◽  
Paula Teruya RAMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bowel Habits ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of cholecystolithiasis is approximately 15% of the population. It is believed that between 30-40% of cholecystectomy patients have symptoms after surgery, being changes in bowel habits the most common among them. Aim: 1) Defining the prevalence, and 2) identifying predictors of changes in bowel habits after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with an initial sample of 150 patients diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis operated between July and September 2014. Patients were submitted to a questionnaire about the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in stools consistency before and after the surgical procedure. They were divided into two groups (with or without changes in bowel habits) being combined with the following variables: high blood pressure, body mass index, hypothyroidism, adherence to postoperative dietary orientations, previous abdominal and bariatric surgery. Results: The prevalence of changes in bowel habits in the study population was 35.1%. The association between it and gastrointestinal symptoms was demonstrated to be statistically significant (‰2=7.981; p=0.005), and people who did not have gastrointestinal symptoms had 2.34 times the odds of not presenting changes in bowel habits. None of the other investigated factors had shown to be a predictor of risk for post-cholecystectomy changes in bowel habits. Conclusion: 1) There was a high prevalence of changes in bowel habits, and 2) there was association between changes in bowel habits and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms.

scholarly journals Reasons for default and death among tuberculosis cases treated under revised national tuberculosis control program in selected tuberculosis units of Bangalore urban district of Karnataka state

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath M. P.
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Continuation Phase ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of great antiquity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a formidable pathogen. Tuberculosis still remains a worldwide problem, despite the facts that proper medications are available to treat the condition. Defaulting from the treatment is a serious issue in the treatment failure. The current study was undertaken to understand the default rate, death and its reasons among the TB patients who underwent treatment in two selected DOTS centre at Bangalore Urban district of Karnataka state.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 default patients treated under RNTCP at two randomly selected TB centres. The interview was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Patient's relatives were interviewed in case of deaths. Appropriate statistics were used to find the significance.Results: Among the total study subjects, the 75% of the cases were males, 71.9% were in the age group 15-44 years. More than 46% of the patients were registered in category-1. The study observed that 70% of the patients defaulted during the continuation phase and only 30% defaulting was observed in the initial phase. Migration, side effects of the drugs and alcohol addiction were the major reasons for discontinuing from therapy. Maximum death (52%) was observed among Cat-1 followed by Cat-2 and the highest death rate was observed among >45 years age group.Conclusions: The study concludes that the default was prevalent among the study population, migration and untoward effects of the drugs were the important factors of default.

scholarly journals Teachers views about the preparation of questions for question bank on the basis of subject content for the formative assessment of the department.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sanjida Tasnim ◽  
Saria Tasnim ◽  
Kazi Khairul Alam ◽  
ABM Rizwanur Rahman ◽  
Raihan Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the teachers views about the preparation of questions for question bank on the basis of subject content for the formative assessment of the department. The study was conducted in four government and four non-government dental colleges. The teachers of the selected dental colleges were the study population and sample size was total of a 165 in which were 53 head of the department and 112 lecturers. Data was collected from the teachers with a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS 19. The questionnaire included different types of opinion about the question bank. In this study, tried to extract the information mainly about how a full phased question bank works in a dental college including question pattern and answer key preparation, moderation & constant development of the question bank, key personnel who directly involved with question preparation. Faculty members expressed their valuable opinions about different types of formative questions where it was found that Assistant Professors were closely involved with question preparation rather than other faculty members. The study also explores that even if formative questions were well prepared but lack of standard answers, rating scales and accepted checklist made the ultimate process of accessing question bank becomes challenging to conduct specific exams. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(2) July 2021: 23-29

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