scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of animal bite patients attending emergency department at a tertiary care health facility in a northern hilly Indian city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Anmol Gupta ◽  
Amit Sachdeva ◽  
Ankit Chaudhary ◽  
Shaina Chamotra
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Rabies is a highly infectious zoonotic disease with a high case fatality rate. In India, approximately 20,000 deaths among 17.4 million exposed people occur every year. The data on animal bites is scarce and unreliable due to poor surveillance and hence, the projected figures are far less from the actual numbers. The present study was conducted to describe epidemiological characteristics of animal bite patients attending casualty department at a tertiary care Government health facility in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.Methods: It was a retrospective study based on secondary data received from animal bite register for year 2017 at casualty department of the Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, Data of 1512 patients attending the casualty department with history of animal bite was included for the study purpose.Results: About 58% of victims were males and the maximum (22.6%) animal bites were seen in 21-30 years age group. Majority (51.6%) of patients were exposed to dog bites, followed by monkey bites (42.85%) and cat bite 49 (3.2%). About 69.9% of animal bites were in the lower limbs, followed by upper limbs (22.1%), abdomen (4.4%) and head and neck region (3.6%). Maximum bites were category III bites (74.6%) followed by of category II bites (12.9%).Conclusions: Study highlights the neglected but significant picture of animal bite in the Shimla city. Timely and correct post exposure prophylaxis for the animal bite victims is necessary to prevent rabies. This should be supplemented with a robust surveillance and reporting system. With the global aim of zero rabies deaths by 2030; it is time to strengthen the anti-rabies activities at every level.

scholarly journals One-year descriptive analysis of patients treated at an anti-rabies clinic – a retrospective study from Kashmir

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Bashir ◽  
Inaamul Haq ◽  
S Muhammad Salim Khan ◽  
Mariya Amin Qurieshi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem in India in general and Kashmir in particular. Canine rabies is almost non-existent in developed countries and exists mainly in the poorer, low socioeconomic strata of society in the developing world. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics, pattern, and burden of dog bite injuries in the Kashmir valley. Methodology and principal findings Data from Anti-Rabies Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, the summer capital of the state of Jammu & Kashmir, was collated and analyzed. Analysis of records of all the patients who had reported between April 2016 and March 2017 was done. A total of 6172 patients had reported to the Anti-Rabies Clinic for management of animal bites from 1st April 2016 to 31st March 2017. Most of the patients were young males. Almost half (47.7%) of the patients were bitten in the afternoon. Lower limbs were the most common site of bite (71.7%). Most of the bites were of Category III (57.6%) followed by Category II (42.3%); only one case of Category I was recorded. Almost all (98.0%) cases reported being bitten by dogs. Conclusions Category III dog bites on lower limbs are the most common type of animal bites. Children have more chances of a bite on head and neck region. Serious and workable efforts have to be made to reduce the incidence and consequences of animal bites. Author summary In Kashmir, dog bite is an important public health problem. Thousands of people become victims of an animal bite, especially dog bite, and some of them develop rabies. Rabies is an invariably fatal viral disease resulting in approximately 59 000 human deaths per year globally, with 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia. The only way to prevent a rabies death is vaccination of an animal bite victim. In Kashmir, the burden and characteristics of dog bites are not routinely captured by the health system in place. We, therefore, attempted to find out the burden and characteristics of animal bite victims by analyzing one-year data from an Anti-Rabies Clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. We found that 98% of the patients registered at the clinic during the period were victims of a dog bite. The victims were mostly young males but females and children were not shown any mercy either. Lower limbs were the most favorite site of the bite. Our analysis of the data also revealed that children under 15 years were more prone to a bite in the head and neck region. We concluded that the burden of animal bites, especially dog bites, is huge in Kashmir and recommended that serious efforts directed towards immunizing and decreasing the stray dog population need to be put into practice to decrease the number of animal bite victims and prevent any rabies deaths.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological profile of patients admitted with Plasmodium vivax malaria in a tertiary care hospital, Delhi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Yadav ◽  
Geeta Pardeshi ◽  
Neelam Roy
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Safdarjung Hospital

Background: Malaria is an important public health problem in India. Severe and complicated forms of malaria are usually associated with Plasmodium falciparum species. But recently published literature suggests that Plasmodium vivax infection also presents as severe malaria. The objective was to study clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with P. vivax malaria admitted in Safdarjung hospital.Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted in Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Data were collected from all case records with ICD 10 codes for Malaria (B50-B54) for the year 2011 obtained from Medical Records Department, Safdarjung Hospital and analyzed using SPSS 21.0.Results: A total of 147 case records which had information about the test results for type of malaria infection were reviewed. Out of 147, 89 (60.5%) had P. vivax malaria. Of the 89 patients with P. vivax malaria, 47 (53%) were children and 63 (70.7%) were males. A peak in the number of inpatients was seen in September with median duration of hospital stay of 4 days and case fatality rate of 9%. A total of 56 (63%) patients had one or more severe manifestations of malaria as per WHO criteria. The most common severe manifestation was bleeding 27 (30%) followed by impaired consciousness 18 (20%).Conclusions: In more than half of the malaria patients admitted at the tertiary care centre the diagnosis was P. vivax malaria. Of them 63% patients had severe malaria as per WHO criteria.

scholarly journals Study of clinico-epidemiological profile of leprosy patients at tertiary care centre of South Gujarat region

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Kautuk K. Patel ◽  
Anjum M. Momin ◽  
Ankita A. Mistry ◽  
Jignesh B. Vaishnani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Leprosy is a chronic feared illness causes by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em>. It was eliminated as a public health problem in India in 2005. But still, India contributes more than 60% of all new cases of leprosy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective analysis of 307 patients attending the leprosy clinic of the dermatology out patient department, SMIMER, was done for a period of five years from January 2014 to December 2018. The data was analysed for clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 307 patients visited the leprosy clinic during the study period. More than half patients (60.3%) were between 21-40 years age group. There were 213 males and 94 females with male female ratio of 2.3:1. 72.3% (222) patients were suffering from multibacillary leprosy and 27.7% (85) had paucibacillary disease. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy was the most common type found in 83 patients (27.1%). 16 cases (5.2%) of childhood leprosy (less than 14 years of age) were noted. A total of 214 patients (69.7%) were migrants.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Despite of decline at global and national level, leprosy cases show gradual increase. The high proportion of total cases, MB cases, and grade 2 disability cases are warning signs. Continued efforts are required to manage and prevent the disease.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Differences in the clinical-epidemiological profile between new cases of tuberculosis and retreatment cases after default

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylana de Souza Belchior ◽  
Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio ◽  
Evelyne Marie Therese Mainbourg
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Basic Health Units

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the socioeconomic and clinical-epidemiological factors related to tuberculosis in new cases and retreatment cases. METHOD Comparative study with 126 patients, of which 42 were retreatment cases after default attended in a reference center, and 84 were new cases completing the first treatment and treated in Basic Health Units. The collection of primary data was through interview, and of secondary data by records of the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Comparative analysis between the two groups. RESULTS The new cases differ from retreatment cases regarding educational level. The clinical-epidemiological profile shows a significant difference in relation to performance of the tuberculin skin test, and the HIV test result (positive) in favor of new cases. In relation to performance of sputum culture and the result (positive) of the first sputum smear of the first and second samples, in favor of retreatment cases. CONCLUSION The two groups are significantly different in clinical and epidemiological characteristics that show the access to exams.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Animal Bite Cases Recorded by Case based Surveillance in Iraq 2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Thane Muhsen
Keyword(s):  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Animal bite is one of the public health problems all over the world, especially in poor countries. Animal bites have an impact on human health due to rabies disease, which is a viral transmitted disease from animal to human with a high mortality rate.Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite cases by person, time, and place.Method: Descriptive cross sectional study was done by reviewing cases caused by animal bites., Data including the demographic characteristics of age, gender, occupation, site of bite, and attending health institutions searching treatment were all included.Results: There were 11600 animal bite cases. Most of bites caused by stray dogs 11577(99.8%), and the males were more affected than females. The mostly affected site of bite was lower limbs. Babylon and Naniva provinces registered the highest rate of animal bite victims.Conclusion: The study is determining the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite cases by person, time, place and giving an accurate view about the epidemiological importance of the problem in Iraq.

scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Outcome of Poisonous Snake Bites in Children using the WHO Treatment Protocol in Western Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Kiran Mani Paudel ◽  
V P Poudyal ◽  
Rajan Bikram Rayamajhi ◽  
Shyam Sundar Budhathoki
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Snake bite among children is an important public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries. Limited studies are found on snake-bite in Nepal using the WHO snake-bite management guidelines. This study assessed the clinico-epidemiological profile and their outcome in snake-bite among children using the WHO Guidelines for treatment of snake bite.Methods: This is a descriptive study among 75 children less than 14 years of age admitted in Emergency Room (ER) of Lumbini Zonal Hospital from 2011-2012 with the history of poisonous snake bite.Results: More than half (56%) of the cases were males and 3/5th (58%) were above 10 years of age. About 40% of the patients were brought to ER within 6-12 hrs of snake bite. Common site of snake-bite was lower limbs (32%) followed by upper limbs (29%). Abdominal Pain (44%) was observed as most common sign/symptom of snake-bite poisoning after local pain followed by ptosis (17.3%). The case fatality rate (CFR) was 16.0%.Conclusion: Use of WHO treatment guideline for snakebite case management among children showed low CFR. However further studies need to done to compare the treatment outcomes between WHO guideline and the National Guidelines among snakebite cases among children. Journal of Nobel College of Medicine Vol.4(1) 2015: 21-25

scholarly journals Profile of Animal Bite Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mysuru

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ahmed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Animal Bites

Animal bites cause a big burden worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. As per WHO, dog bites are the cause of major animal bite injuries followed by snake bites, cat bites, and monkey bites. Annually about 55,000–60,000 persons die of rabies, of which nearly one-third are from India alone. Rabies, though being a 100% fatal disease, is also a potentially preventable disease. Objective: To estimate the proportion of animal bites in patients attending anti-rabies clinic of a tertiary hospital, Mysuru. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period of June 2018 - May 2019. Secondary data was collected from the registers available at the anti-rabies clinic in KR Hospital, Mysuru, using a pretested proforma. This information was compiled in an excel sheet and analysed using simple measures like proportions, percentages, and graphs. Results: A total of 3861 animal bite cases were reported, out of which, 69.1% were males and 30.9% were females. Dog bites contributed the highest (92.1%) followed by cat bites (5.2%). As per the category of wounds, 59.6% were Category 2 and 36.2% were Category 3 wounds. Conclusion: Dog bite is the commonest animal bite which needs to be addressed as a priority with appropriate preventive strategies. There is a pressing need to create awareness among the general population about the need for timely health care seeking behaviour and to avail the benefit of free anti-rabies vaccination in the public health sector in order to prevent the risk of fatal events.

scholarly journals Animais peçonhentos do estado do Piauí: epidemiologia dos acidentes e lista de espécies de importância médica

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ronildo Alves Benício ◽  
Leonardo Sousa Carvalho ◽  
Mariluce Gonçalves Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Venomous Animals ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Cases of poisoning have increased considerably in Brazil, however for state of Piauí only two studies were carried out so far. Here, we investigated, through the notification forms, the epidemiological characteristics of cases of poisoning that occurred during 11 years in a macro-region of Picos, state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we also check whether the species recorded in the notification forms correspond to the species that occur in the region. We recorded 1.249 cases of envenomations, being 41% caused by scorpions, 35% caused by snakes and 24% caused by spiders. Most cases (arachnids = 99%, scorpions = 93%, snakes = 52%) there was no identification of species causing the accident. Most of the victims of the accidents (66%) were male individuals between 18 and 24 years from rural areas, stung during field activities in the rainy season (January-March). The most common injury sites were the lower limbs (37%) and the majority (53%) of the accidents was the mild type. This is the first study that reports the epidemiological profile of a series of envenomations (including arachnids and snakes) during 11 years of records in the state of Piauí. Furthermore, we also present the first list of species of arachnids and snakes of medical importance to the state. Our results demonstrate that there was a high incidence of accidents by venomous animals in the Center-South region of the state, most of the records was not notified in SINAN, most records does not present the identification of the species responsible for the accident, and there are records whose species was incorrectly identified.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Pune, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi D Sondankar ◽  
Shubhangi U Agawane ◽  
Abhay B Mane ◽  
Parvinder S Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: The COVID-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the world from its place of origin in Wuhan city of China. From origin in December 2019 till May 2021, this disease affected 222 countries in the world with 152,534,452 confirmed cases. As on May 2021, India is the second worst affected country in the world. Aim: To know the epidemiological profile and clinical outcome of COVID-19 positive patients to help in understanding the disease dynamics. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, record based study at a tertiary care hospital. All the COVID-19 laboratory confirmed positive patients admitted from 15th June, 2020 to 15th September, 2020 were included in the study. Sample size was 1146. All the required data regarding patients were collected and analysed subsequently with the help of percentages, Z-test for proportion, Chi-square test and Odds ratio. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.06 ±17.4 years ranging from 1 to 92 years. Males were significantly higher in numbers than females. 30.19% patients had some or other co-morbidities. 89.8% patients were discharged and 9.2% patients died. More number of deaths occurred in higher age group and highest death rate was seen in the patients who had multiple co-morbidities. Conclusion: The study concludes that most of the COVID-19 patients were middle aged and males were significantly more affected than females. Most of the patients were asymptomatic at the time of admission. It can be concluded that maximum patients had favourable clinical outcome as around 90% patients being discharged and case fatality rate was 9.2%. High rate of mortality was significantly associated with higher age and presence of co-morbidities.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics, clinical profile and nutritional status of hospitalized under five children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3111
Author(s):  
Kamran Ahmad ◽  
M. M. A. Faridi ◽  
Geetika Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Malnutrition accounts for 68.2% of the total under-5 deaths in India, and is an important underlying risk factor for morbidity in all ages, responsible for 17.3% of the total disability-adjusted life years. Objective was to find out prevalence of moderate to severe acute malnutrition in hospitalized under 5 children and to find out socio-epidemiological characteristics and disease profile in the same group.Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital on hospitalized children aged 6 months to 5 years. After obtaining informed consent and detail history including epidemiological profile, complete physical examination and anthropometry were recorded. WHO criteria were used for nutritional assessment. Disease profile of the patients was recorded.Results: A total of 230 children were enrolled. Male: Female ratio was 1.64:1; total 153 (66.5%) children were malnourished. The prevalence of MAM and SAM was 28.7% and 20% respectively. Most common diseases were acute gastroenteritis and pneumonia. More than 80% children exhibited anemia. Low birth weight, higher birth order, incomplete immunization, lower socioeconomic status, lower maternal literacy and faulty feeding practices were significantly associated with malnutrition.Conclusions: About 2/3rd admitted children were malnourished and 20% were suffering from SAM. Acute gastroenteritis and pneumonia were most common diseases. There was strong need to educate the family specially mother about nutritional needs of the child. Parents must be counselled about the importance of birth spacing, family planning, immunization and exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age. 

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