scholarly journals A longitudinal study on the association between water storage practices and dengue indices among rural households of Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2522
Author(s):  
Deepak Babu ◽  
Rajan Rushender Chitharaj ◽  
Gokul Kumar Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Study Population

Background: The abundance of Aedes mosquitoes which transmits dengue fever fluctuates with unusual rainfall pattern and water storage practices, as it breeds well in artificial collections of water in and around the houses so vector control is the only way to break the chain of disease transmission. This study aims to find out the association between water storage practices and mosquito larval indices.Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted among 121 households in the rural field practice area of SRM Medical College and Research Centre using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire along with visual inspection of households for water collection and larval breeding.Results: Total study population in the 121 households was 484 which includes 247 (51%) males and 237 (49%) females. Majority of the study population were illiterates 23.7% or have education upto high school 20.8%, doing semi-skilled/unskilled work 32% belonging to a nuclear family 69.4%. More than half of the households were living in pucca house 50.4% and belongs to class-II socio-economic status 46.3%. Water scarcity and water storage were reported mostly in months between March to June which was significantly associated with presence of larva in the corresponding months (p<0.001).Conclusions: Water storage practices due to water scarcity has a significant association with the larval indices which shows that improper water storage practices can be a breeding place for mosquitoes and aid in transmission of vector borne diseases.

scholarly journals A study on nutritional status of adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573
Author(s):  
Sikata Nanda ◽  
Rabi Narayan Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Common

Background: Nutritional status of adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older adults. In the tribal population they are more neglected in comparison to boys because of limited resources and health care facilities. In the present study we have done assessment of nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. Methods: Dongria Kondh’ residing in Rayagada district of Odisha, having its maximum concentration was studied. Bissam Cuttack block was selected randomly as the study area. Moreover, coincidently majority of the study population resided in the block having villages like Kurli, Khambesi, Hundijali, Muthesi, Khajuri, Mundabali and Uppar Gandatallli which are situated as a distance of 5000 ft height above sea level. 89 adolescent girls were considered to assess the nutritional status of tribal adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe to study the different factors associated with the nutritional status of the girls and to suggest remedial measures for integrated development of the adolescent girls. Results: Most of the girls (81%) were from nuclear family. All girls belonged to low socio economic status. The energy intake was adequate only in 35% of study subjects. The protein intake was adequate in only 38% of study subjects. The common types of food consumed was rice, ragi and seasonal fruits and all were non vegetarian. Conclusions: The widespread problem of poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, absence of sanitary living condition, ignorance of cause of disease still are the contributing factors for the deplorable condition prevailing amongst the adolescent girls of the tribal group. As they are future mothers, improvement of nutritional status should be the primary objective. 

scholarly journals A study to assess predictive value of yolk sac diameter by transvaginal sonography with the pregnancy outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Saniya Sheik ◽  
Anjana B.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gestational Sac ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Ultrasonography is one of the most important and useful diagnostic tools in the field of modern medicine. Being non-invasive, safe and without hazards of radiation, it has gained wide acceptability, as an integral part of basic investigative procedures. A yolk sac can be detected easily by transvaginal sonography when the mean gestational sac diameter is 5 to 6 mm. Generally, the yolk sac should be observed when a gestational sac measures greater than 8. The yolk sac is situated between the amnion and the chorion.Methods: The present Prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, K. L. E. S. Dr. Prabhakar Kore charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi during the period of January 2015 to February 2016. Records of pregnant women registering between 6 to 10-week 6 days’ period of gestation in OPD at KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi and who were fulfilling eligible selection criteria were studied prospectively.Results: A total of 254 study participants were included in the study and analysed. In this study, 49 cases were from age group of 20 years or less than 20 years i.e. around 19.29% of total study population. Majority of the cases were with normal yolk sac diameter (YSD) i.e. around 201 cases which accounts for 79.13% of total study population and total number of cases with abnormal yolk sac diameter (YSD) were 53 which accounts for 20.87% of total study population.Conclusions: Measurement of the secondary yolk sac diameter between 6th to 10th weeks 6 days of gestation can be used as a valuable tool in predicting outcome of the pregnancy.

scholarly journals Relationship between workers’ return to work, job retention and income in industrial accidents in Korea: a longitudinal study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e039948
Author(s):  
Suk Won Bae ◽  
Inchul Jeong ◽  
Jin-Ha Yoon ◽  
Seung Wook Lee ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Job Retention ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Priority Assignment

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare workers’ income before and after an occupational injury, with regard to return to work and job retention, over a period of 5 years.DesignThis study was designed as a longitudinal study.SettingThe Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI) survey targeted workers involved in industrial accidents for which medical care was terminated in the year 2012.ParticipantsThe panel study was conducted on a final sample of 2000 workers who were selected proportionally by region (nine regions) after priority assignment by disability rating (six levels). A total of 1458 workers were finally included in this study.MethodsThis study used data from the first to fifth PSWCI. To identify the effect on income after occupational injury considering return to work and job retention, we used the generalised estimating equation.ResultsIn regard to workers’ return to work, the OR that income after an occupational injury would be higher than that before an occupational injury was 3.17 (2.41–4.17) for those who returned to original work and 2.32 (1.81–2.97) for those re-employed as compared with who did not return to work and 1.27 (1.07–1.15) for those who retained their job as compared with those who did not. The ORs were 2.91 (2.26–3.75) for those who were re-employed and retained jobs and 2.96 (2.15–4.08) for those who returned to original work and did not retain jobs as compared with those who did not return to work and did not retain jobs.ConclusionsIt is important for accident victims to retain their jobs to maintain their economic status.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Schoolchildren in Joint Physical Custody: A Longitudinal Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Anders Hjern ◽  
Stine Kjaer Urhoj ◽  
Emma Fransson ◽  
Malin Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Joint Physical Custody ◽  
Physical Custody ◽  
Custody Arrangements

This study investigated mental health in schoolchildren in different living arrangements after parental separation. The study population included 31,519 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, followed-up at age 11 in 2010–2014. Child mental health was measured with a maternal report of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Associations between living arrangements and mental health were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models, taking into account early childhood indicators of the parents’ relations, income, education and psychiatric care. At age 11, children living in a nuclear family had the lowest rate of total SDQ score, 8.9%. Of the children who had experienced parental separation, children in joint physical custody had the lowest adjusted odds ratio (OR)1.25 (95%-CI 1.09–1.44), for a high SDQ score relative to children living in a nuclear family, with adjusted ORs of 1.63 (1.42–1.86) and OR 1.72 (1.52–1.95) for sole physical custody arrangements with and without a new partner. An analysis of change in SDQ scores between ages 7 and 11 in children showed a similar pattern. This study indicates that joint physical custody is associated with slightly more favorable mental health in schoolchildren after parental separation than sole physical custody arrangements.

Nutrition beyond the first 1000 days: diet quality and 7-year change in BMI and overweight in 3-year old children from the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Petra C. Vinke ◽  
Milou H. H. S. Luitjens ◽  
Karlien A. Blijleven ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

Abstract The identification of early-life determinants of overweight is crucial to start early prevention. As weight gain accelerates between 2 and 6 years, we studied the association between diet quality in children aged 3 years and the change in BMI and overweight incidence in the following 7 years. From the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort, 1001 children born in 2006 or 2007 with complete data on diet (food frequency questionnaire at the age of 3 years) and growth at the age of 3 and 10 years were included. Diet quality was estimated with the evidence-based Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS). Measured height and weight at the age of 3 and 10 years were used to calculate BMI z-scores standardized for age and sex. The associations of the LLDS (in quintiles) with BMI-z change and overweight incidence were studied with linear and logistic regression analyses. Overweight prevalence in the total study population increased from 8.3% at the age of 3 years to 16.7% at the age of 10 years. The increase in overweight prevalence ranged from 14.7% in Q1 to 3.5% in Q5. Children with a better diet quality (higher quintiles of LLDS) increased significantly less in BMI-z (confounder adjusted βLLDS = −0.064 (−0.101; −0.026)). Children with a poor diet quality at the age of 3 years had a considerably higher risk for overweight at the age of 10 years (confounder adjusted OR for Q1 vs. Q5 was 2.86 (95% CI 1.34–6.13). These results show the importance of diet in healthy development in the early life following the first 1000 days when new habits for a mature diet composed of food groups with lifelong importance are developed, providing a relevant window for overweight prevention early in life.

Prevalence and factors related to second hand smoking exposure, knowledge and response among adolescents in rural Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaiselvy Arikrishnan ◽  
Gokul Sarveswaran ◽  
Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Manikandanesan Sakthivel ◽  
Marie Gilbert Majella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Second Hand Smoking

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of Second Hand Smoking (SHS) and assess the factors related to exposure, knowledge and response to SHS among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents during March and April 2018. Two out of four villages were selected randomly and all the adolescents were contacted through household visit and questionnaire was administered. Semi structured questionnaire contained three sections: sociodemographic details, environmental assessment and third section contained knowledge about SHS, COTPA and response towards being exposed to SHS, as well as exposure history. Continuous variables like age were summarized as mean (SD). Categorical variables such as awareness, attitude and practise towards SHS were summarized as proportions with 95% confidence interval.ResultsTotal number of adolescents interviewed was 789. The mean age of the study participants were 14.1 (2.4) years and majority, 440 (55.8%) were boys and 684 (86.7%) belonged to nuclear family. More than one fourth, 210 (26.6%) belonged to middle class of socio-economic status. Environmental assessment of household showed more than half, 456 (57.8%) were staying in pucca house and majority 642 (81.4%) had adequate cross ventilation. It was found that about 70.1% had adequate knowledge about SHS and its harmful effects. Prevalence of exposure to SHS was 49%. Majority (40.5%) told that they will scold or advice the family member to stop smoking if they are exposed to SHS in the living place. However, almost 80% of adolescents mentioned that they will no’t react if they see someone smoking in a public place.ConclusionsCurrent study found that almost half of the adolescents were exposed to SHS. Even though, almost three fourth had adequate knowledge, attitude towards preventing SHS in public place was found to be poor. Hence, adolescents need to be motivated enough to address the problem in the public place through motivational counselling in adolescent clinics by health care workers.

Study of Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus Levels among Hypothyroid Patients in Trichy, Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 2797-2803
Author(s):  
Rasheed Khan M ◽  
Thivyah Prabha A.G ◽  
Siva Kumar K
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunctions

BACKGROUND Mineral metabolism is frequently disturbed in thyroid dysfunctions. Among thyroid dysfunctions, hypothyroidism is one of the most common form resulting from the deficiency of thyroid hormones. Studies done on serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in hypothyroid patients earlier have conflicting results. Hence the present study has been undertaken to study the levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium among hypothyroid patients and analyse their correlation with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). METHODS The case control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre for a period of 6 months from 2017 January to July 2017. The study was undertaken involving 50 hypothyroid cases and 50 healthy volunteers as controls after proper ethical clearance and informed consent of all the study subjects. Serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were measured along with tri-iodothyronine (FT3), tetra-iodothyronine (FT4) and TSH among all study subjects. Statistical analysis of data was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS The mean value of serum total calcium and total magnesium was lower among hypothyroid cases and phosphorus value was increased as compared to controls. (P < 0.001) Statistically significant negative correlation was observed between serum calcium, magnesium and TSH among hypothyroid cases. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between serum phosphorus and TSH among hypothyroid cases. CONCLUSIONS Among hypothyroid patients the values of serum calcium, magnesium and phosphorus is significantly altered. Thyroid disorders have an important role in bone and mineral metabolism. Thus, monitoring of these minerals among hypothyroid patients in regular follow up may effectively improve the clinical manifestations in them. Hence, monitoring of mineral status of the hypothyroid patients on follow-up will be of benefit to the patients. KEYWORDS Hypothyroidism, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Minerals

Prevalence of Malocclusion among School Children of Biratnagar, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Nidhi Giri ◽  
Anand Acharya ◽  
Kanika Yadav
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: Various forms of malocclusion are a matter of serious concern in Nepalese population. This study was carried out to understand the prevalence of malocclusion among the school children of Biratnagar. The objective of this research is to find out the prevalence of malocclusion of children from different schools of Biratnagar visiting the Pedodontics and Orthodontics department of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross sectional study method was used in this research. Data was collected by using direct observation of the subjects and occlusal assessment was done according to Angle’s classification and Dewey’s modification types of class I, class II and class III malocclusion. Result: Subjects with normal occlusion was found to be 39 % and with malocclusion was found to be 61%. Among them, class I malocclusion (60%) and angles class II div I subjects (88.33%) were in majority of the total study population. Conclusion: The present study helps to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and need of orthodontic treatment for the school children of Biratnagar

scholarly journals Self-perception regarding dental aesthetics, knowledge and attitude of traumatic dental injury and halitosis among people of Aurabani, Sunsari district of Eastern Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
S Dahal ◽  
SK Agrawal ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
TK Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
The People ◽  
Dental Aesthetics ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background and Objectives: Increased concern over dental appearance has been observed during childhood and adolescence to early adulthood. The study was conducted with objectives to assess the self-perception of dental aesthetics, knowledge, attitude and management of dental trauma and halitosis.Materials and Methods: Self-administered questionnaire translated in Nepali language consisting of 32 questions was used. The completed questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Out of the total study population, 63% were satisfied with their overall tooth appearance and 71.7% with their tooth color. Twenty-nine percent had experienced dental trauma. More than half of the study population thought that immediate treatment was required after dental trauma. Fifty seven percent of the villagers had halitosis.Conclusion: The research clearly shows that the people of Aurabani VDC were satisfied with their tooth color and overall tooth appearance; however the knowledge regarding emergency management of dental trauma, the cause and management of halitosis was insufficient.JCMS Nepal. 2015;11(1):6-8

scholarly journals Time trends in physical activity of adult users of the Brazilian National Health System: 2010-2014. Longitudinal study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Camilo Turi ◽  
Jamile Sanches Codogno ◽  
Rômulo Araújo Fernandes ◽  
Kyle Robinson Lynch ◽  
Eduardo Kokubun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Male Sex

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In this longitudinal study, we aimed to describe time trends of physical activity (PA) in different domains from 2010 to 2014 among users of the Brazilian National Health System, taking into account the effects of sex, age and economic status (ES). DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study conducted in five primary care units in Bauru (SP), Brazil. METHODS: The sample was composed of 620 men and women who were interviewed in 2010, 2012 and 2014. The same group of researchers conducted the interviews, using the questionnaire developed by Baecke et al. Scores for occupational, exercise/sport, leisure-time/transportation and overall PA were considered in this longitudinal survey. Time trends of PA over the four years of follow-up were assessed according to sex, age and ES. RESULTS: We found that after four years of follow-up, the reduction in overall PA (-13.6%; 95% confidence interval, CI = -11.9 to -15.3) was statistically significant. Additionally, declines in the occupational domain and exercise/sports participation were affected by age, while the reduction in overall PA was affected by sex, age and ES. CONCLUSIONS: Overall PA decreased significantly from 2010 to 2014 among these outpatients of the Brazilian National Health System, and age and male sex were important determinants of PA in its different domains.

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