scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal cancers in University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital: a five year review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Ibekwe Matilda Uju
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Port Harcourt

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasopharyngeal cancer though an uncommon head and neck cancer, has high morbidity and mortality. It is a cancer that has peculiar geographic variations and hence has been studied by a lot of researchers globally. It however has not been studied as an entity in the South region. This study was to determine the clinical and histologic presentations as well as the prevalence of this disease in Port Harcourt.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Hospital based retrospective review of all patients with confirmed diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer seen within the period of January 2014 to December 2018 at ENT Department University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. The hospital records were the source of data. The demographics, clinical presentations, histology, investigations and outcome were all collated from the records and were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 25.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Forty-one patients were studied with age range of 12-85 years. The mean age was 43±15.1 years. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Age 40 to 49 years was the most affected. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was the commonest cancer recorded 68.29% followed by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 19.5%. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histologic type 43.9%. Commonest symptoms were neck swelling and nasal congestion 24.55%. Age distribution showed a statistical difference with histology of cancer. Mortality of 4.87 was recorded; the rest was lost to follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the commonest cancer in the nasopharynx. It is significantly related with age. Patients often present late and it has very high morbidity and mortality rate. Attention to early vague symptoms will enhance early diagnosis, treatment therefore prognosis.</p>

scholarly journals Descriptive epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Tadesse Beyene ◽  
Siraw Girum Ketema ◽  
Assaye Nibret Alebachew ◽  
Mizan Yeshanew Saleh ◽  
Tsigereda Atumo Gebremariam
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal cancer is distinguished from other cancers of the head and neck in its epidemiology, histopathology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic outcome. Its unique clinico-epidemiologic pattern of the disease is an area focus for this investigation. Accordingly, the study investigated the demographic and histologic characteristics, as well as the clinical stage at presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital. Methods Hospital based retrospective descriptive study was conducted from September 2017 – October 2020. All biopsy proven incidental cases during the study period are included. SPSS version 26 is used for data entry and analysis. Result A total of 318 patients with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases during the study period were included. There were 218 males and 90 females, with a male: female ratio of 2.5:1. The age of patients ranges from 13 to 81 years with a mean age of 37.8 ± 15 years. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years. Age distribution has two peaks for males, first between 30 to 39 and second 50 to 59 years of age. While the peak age of occurrence for females is in the 20–39 age range. Juvenile cases constituted 34% of the study group. The study revealed, nonkeratinizing carcinoma as the most prevalent histology at 94.3% (undifferentiated type 85.9% and differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma 8.4%) and 5.7% of the cases showed keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Majority of the patients, 86%, presented late with stage III and IV disease. Conclusion Nasopharyngeal cancer is commonly found among the young and productive age group, under the age 30. Nonkeratinizing carcinoma is the predominant histopathologic variant resembling that seen in endemic areas of the world. Thus, genetic and early life environmental exposures should be well studied to identify possible risk factors in the region. Late-stage presentation at diagnosis impacts the treatment outcome of patients, thereby indicating the need for a raised index of suspicion among health professionals for early diagnosis and better prognosis of patients.

scholarly journals Histopathologic Characteristics of Childhood Malignant Tumours in a Referral Medical Centre in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Bello ◽  
Sanusi Muhammad Haruna ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan ◽  
Kabir Sulaiman ◽  
Kasimu Umar Adoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Attending Physician

Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious disorders and malnutrition. However, other conditions including neoplastic diseases may be unassuming challenges to the attending physician. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological pattern of malignant tumours among children in a northern Nigerian tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours in children aged fifteen years and below diagnosed over a ten year period (1st January 2011- 31st December 2020). Histopathology laboratory records at the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, were reviewed and all diagnoses of malignant tumours were extracted. The findings were compared with similar studies elsewhere. Results: There were 36 children with confirmed cases of malignant tumours; 22 males and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The peak age of incidence was 11-15years. The most common childhood malignant tumours were rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Head and neck region was the commonest area of affectation. Conclusion: The most common malignant tumours in children in our setting are sarcomas and small round blue cell tumours of childhood affecting predominantly older male children with head and neck regional predilections. Malignant tumours in children though not very common, are an important aspect of paediatric disorders to the attending physician due to their high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of such can be challenging to the pathologist, especially in resource constrain environments. High index of suspicion is therefore advocated to detect the tumour in its early stage that is associated with low morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Types of Skin Diseases Seen among Children Attending the Children’s Outpatient Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Nigeria- A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Uju S. Azubogu ◽  
Inumanye Ojule
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University

Aims: To determine the prevalence and types of skin diseases seen among children attending the Children’s Outpatient Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Study Design:  A descriptive Cross sectional study design was used. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Children’s Outpatient Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from June to August 2020 (3 months). Method: It involved 370 children aged less than 18 years.  A semi structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain all relevant data. This was followed by dermatological examination of the children to make diagnosis of skin diseases. Laboratory confirmation was carried out where necessary. Results: The study participants consisted of 370 children aged 1 month to 17 years with a mean age of 8.4±5.9 years. The male to female ratio was 0.9:1 and the overall prevalence of skin diseases among the children studied was 23.7%. The three most common aetiologic categories of skin diseases seen were:  Infective (13.5%), Inflammatory (5.7%) and infestations (3.5%). The five most common skin diseases identified included: Impetigo (4.1%), Scabies (3.5%), Atopic dermatitis (3.0%), Tinea capitis (2.7%) and Pityriasis versicolor (2.4%). Conclusion: Skin diseases are common among children attending the children’s outpatient clinic in our hospital with Infective skin diseases predominating. Greater efforts need to be put into the treatment, prevention and control of these skin diseases in order to limit morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Experience with Tetanus in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sudan: A Retrospective Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mumen Abdalazim Dafallah ◽  
Esraa Ahmed Ragab ◽  
Omer Ali Mohamed Ahmed Elawad
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Central Sudan

Introduction. Tetanus is still a major health issue, especially in rural areas, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. This study was conducted to describe the pattern of presentation and treatment outcome among adult patients infected with tetanus in our environment. Materials and Methods. This is a descriptive retrospective hospital-based study conducted in Wad Medani teaching hospital, central Sudan. A total of thirty-one patients were enrolled in this study in the period between January 2018 and December 2020. Results. Thirty-one patients were infected with tetanus during the study period. They were 23 (74.2%) males and 8 (25.8%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.875 : 1. Their ages ranged from 20 to 70 years, and most of them (48.4%) were free workers. Acute injuries were the most common portal of entry (64.51%), and commonly involved the lower limbs (48.38%). Lock jaw (54.8%), muscle spasm (51.6%), and neck pain and stiffness (45.2%) were the most common presentation. Supportive measures along with surgical toilet and debridement, human tetanus immunoglobulin, antibiotics, and muscle relaxants were initiated in all patients. The most common antibiotics used were Penicillin V and Ceftriaxone. A muscle relaxant was administered to aid in relieving the spasms. Complication rate was 61.29% and included pulmonary and cardiovascular complications. Fifteen patients died accounting for an overall mortality rate of 48.4%. Conclusions. Tetanus remains a disease with high morbidity and mortality. The unknown/incomplete vaccination status among study participants, inadequate management, and lack of equipped resources lead to a devastating outcome as in Sudan.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-5 Years at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria - How Common is HIV in Children with Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N. I. Paul ◽  
B. A. Alex- Hart ◽  
R. O. Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
The Common ◽  
The University

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in young children and the risk of progression from infection to disease is higher in the very young especially among those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. This study therefore aimed to examine the method of TB diagnosis and how common HIV infection is among children 0-5 years with tuberculosis at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Methods: Information of children aged 0-5 years from 1st January, 2011 to 31st December 2014 were retrieved from the TB register of the Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of UPTH. This included the age, sex, HIV status, Sputum AFB status, method of diagnosis of tuberculosis and the treatment outcome of the patients. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Research and Ethics committee of the University of Teaching Hospital. Results: Three hundred and thirty five children were treated for TB and 179 (53.43%) of them were aged 0-5 years. There were 93 (51.96%) males and 86 (48.04%) females, with male: female ratio of 1.08:1.  Their mean age was 1.96 ±1.45. The sputum or gastric lavage of 21 (11.73%) were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). The common method of TB diagnosis was clinical/ radiological method and this constituted 158 (88.27%) of the patients with TB. Ninety (50.28%) children with TB were less than one year of age and there was no statistical significant relationship between age and method of TB diagnosis (x2 = 2.78, p = 0.249). More males 93 (51.96%) than females 86 (48.04%) had TB but more females 13 (61.90%) than males 8 (38.10%) were AFB positive, however, these were not statistically significant. (x 2  = 1.26 p-value = 0.262). Seventy two (40.22%) of the children with TB were HIV positive. One hundred and thirty five (75.42%) of the children recovered following treatment while 44 (24.58%) were referred to Dots centres closest to the patients. No child died. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB among under-fives especially among infants is high. Clinical and radiological methods were the common methods of TB diagnosis. HIV prevalence among children with TB was lower than expected by the authors, however, the treatment outcome was good. Re-training of clinicians to improve their expertise on clinical diagnosis of TB and a more in depth search of TB in the community among children 0-5 years who are HIV sero-negative with persistent cough is advocated.

scholarly journals Epistaxis in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: Aetiological Profile and Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Ibekwe Matilda Uju ◽  
O. Ikenga Victor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Nose And Throat

Background: Bleeding from the nose is one of the commonest emergencies that could present in a typical ear, nose and throat clinic. It is often a frightful experience for both the patient and relations, especially in severe cases. Aim: To determine the aetiological profile, the management and outcome in patients that presented with epistaxis in University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital.  Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with complaints of epistaxis that were managed within the period of January 2006 to January 2018 in the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) department, including referrals from the accident & emergency department and children emergency ward. Data on demographics, aetiology, associated clinical features, treatment modalities and outcome of such treatments were all collated. These were analyzed using IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSSversion 20and results presented in simple descriptive tables. Results: There were altogether 196 patients studied, 95 males and 101 females, giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.06.  The age range was from 1 to 81 years. Age group 30-39 was the most affected with 22.29% Aetiological factors were; hypertension in 9.2% trauma in 11.2%, idiopathic in most; 58.2%, chronic rhinosinusitis in 18.4%. Conservative medical therapy was the commonest treatment modality; 68.38%. Anterior nasal packing in 26.5% while 4.1% had posterior packing. Anterior aspect of the nose was the commonest site of bleed recorded in 160 cases. All the patients had a favourable outcome. Conclusion: Epistaxis in this environment still presents as a common emergency and in the majority of the case, the cause is not known, however, trauma appears to be one of the commonest cause implicated in our setting. The young adults appear to be the ones mainly affected.

scholarly journals Clinicopathologic profile of sinonasal diseases in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-018
Author(s):  
Matilda Uju Ibekwe ◽  
Edirirn Nosa Oghenekaro
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Polyp ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Clinicopathologic Profile ◽  
Nose And Throat

Background: In a typical ear nose and throat clinic, disease conditions involving the nose and paranasal sinuses are not uncommon. The aim of this study is to determine the clinicopathologic profile of these diseases as it occurs in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive analysis of all patients with diagnosis of sinonasal disease that presented in the ear nose and throat surgery department of university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital within the period of 5years (from 2016 – 2020). Data retrieved were biodata, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment, these were all collated and analysed. Patients without complete records were excluded. The patients recruited had clinical diagnosis which was aided by radiological investigations and confirmed by histology. Result: A total of 68 patients were studied within the 5year period. There were 35males and 33 females. The mean age was 33.96+/_17.9 years. The age groups 11-20 and 41-50 were more affected. Rhinosinusitis was the commonest condition seen while inflammatory polyp was the commonest histologic diagnosis. Polypectomy with bilateral antrostomy was the commonly done surgery in 26.4% age. Conclusion: Disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses are commonly seen in ENT practice and rhinosinusitis is the commonest entity encountered with inflammatory polyp as the commonest histopathologic finding. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant lesion seen occurring more in males. Age distribution of the diseases was statistically significant.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease in the Paediatric Population: A Cross Sectional Study at the University Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. E. Yaguo-Ide ◽  
G. K. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University

Background: Globally, there has been a destruction of human lives, economies and health systems by the novel corona virus pandemic. Presently there is no known certain cure, although a number of vaccines have been proposed to prevent the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was first seen as increasing number of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative organism. Objectives: To screen paediatric patients for COVID-19 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and to know their pattern of presentation. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, not controlled, over a period of six weeks, using interviewer administered structured questionnaire which was adapted and used at the Accident and Emergency Department for patients triaging as a COVID-19 Risk assessment tool. No action was required for a score of 0-7, while admission into COVID-19 holding area following review by IDU was recommended for a score 8 ≥17. All children brought into the department, requiring treatment were screened. Results: There were 131 patients, 74 (56.5%) males and 56 (42.7%) females, with a mean age 7.2 ± 5.41 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.3:1. Four children (3%) had a total score of ≥ 8, while half of them (n=2; 50%) tested positive for COVID-19, giving a disease prevalence of 1.5%. Both cases were females; fever and difficulty in breathing were the commonest symptoms. No mortality was recorded. Conclusions: COVID-19 prevalence is low in children, and they have a good outcome. A community-based study is recommended.

scholarly journals Correlates and Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity among Patients attending the Dermatological Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Bolaji Otike-Odibi ◽  
Chukwuma U. Okeafor ◽  
Dasetima D. Altraide
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Port Harcourt

Introduction: Higher rates of psychiatric disorders have been reported among patients with dermatological lesions. These problems could negatively impact the quality of life of these patients. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the psychiatric morbidity among patients attending the dermatology clinic of University Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).  It also sought to assess the relationship between socio-demographic factors and presence of psychiatric morbidity. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional design, involving ninety patients consecutively recruited from the dermatology clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Consenting patients filled the study questionnaire which was inclusive of a socio-demographic questionnaire and general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). A GHQ score of ≥3 was considered as having psychiatric morbidity. Statistical analysis was performed at a statistical significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age (±Standard deviation) of the patients was 32.3(±13.2) years. The study had a male to female ratio of 1:2.2. Psychiatric morbidity was noticed in 34 patients giving a prevalence rate of 37.8%. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was higher among females (40.3%) in comparison to males (32.1%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.459). Age (P=0.840) and duration of dermatological disorder (P=0.211) showed no significant relationship with psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: This study has shown that psychiatric conditions are common among patients with dermatological lesions. Hence it is necessary that mental health care is considered in the routine management of these patients.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Intracranial Aneurysms Presenting with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Balgopal Karmacharya ◽  
Nikunja Yogi
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction: Rupture of intracranial aneurysms is the most common cause for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is a devastating stroke with high morbidity and mortality. This study was done to determine the frequency, location and size of aneurysms in patients presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods: This prospective cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Unit of Manipal Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to June 2016. All patients who presented with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and had a positive angiography of brain were included in the study.Results: There were 39 patients who had positive angiographic results. Male: female ratio was 1:2.25. Mean age was 55.79 years. Nine patients had more than one aneurysms. More than 50% of patients were of age group 50-70 years. Anterior circulation aneurysms were found in 90% of patients. Anterior communicating artery was the commonest location of aneurysms. Most of the aneurysms had neck size less than 4 mm.Conclusion: Anterior communicating artery aneurysm was the commonest location of ruptured aneurysms.  23.07% of patients had multiple aneurysms. 

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