scholarly journals FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND FORECASTING OF FOOD PRODUCTION USING ECONOMIC DESCRIPTION MODELING METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 248-262
Author(s):  
І. Rumyk ◽  
S. Laptev ◽  
S. Seheda ◽  
L. Akimova ◽  
O. Akimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Compliance Tests

Abstract. The article considers the financial programs used by the state to support food production based on the use of methods of economic descriptive modeling. It is established that the interpretation of the essence and strategy of financing in practice has quite different approaches. It has been proven that the formation of an effective system of financing food production involves the relationship and effective redistribution between different sources of financial resources. It is substantiated that agriculture has all the prerequisites for productivity growth provided that investment in the Ukrainian agricultural sector increases and effective budget financing. In this regard, the features of food production based on the use of descriptive modeling capabilities using the software package Statgraphics XVII Centurion. Because of the analysis, it is established that the main parametric criterion, which depends on the level of food production in the country as a whole and individual regions, determines the indicator of agricultural production, quantitative parameters of which are taken as a basis for calculating self-sufficiency, import coverage, calories, consumption, profitability and others. Estimation of this indicator by means of modeling allowed to make the forecast of dynamics of change of its volumes for the next twelve time periods for the purpose of preliminary definition of level of food production. For this purpose, the economic and mathematical tools of estimation of forecast dynamics of change of volumes of agricultural production for the future periods are used. Modeling of the indicator of agricultural production per person per year was carried out by research on the normality of distribution using Kolmogorov —Smirnov, Anderson — Darling compliance tests and a modified Kolmogorov — Smirnov test. According to the results of comparative analysis of seventeen different models and five compliance tests, it was found that most of the statistical tests are quadratic model, based on which the projected volumes of agricultural production per person per year and calculated for each forecast year (period) with a reliability of 95% lower and upper limits of the studied indicator. It is established that by 2030 in Ukraine with a high probability the growth trend of agricultural production will continue, and at a high rate. The article outlines the benefits of using economic modeling methods in the study of a particular problem. Keywords: financial programs, financial support, food production, forecasting methods, economic modeling, national economy. JEL Classification B41, C33, C53, G32, E62 Formulas: 0; fig.: 6; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 42.

European and Ukrainian experience in financial support to farming activities through fiscal instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1063
Author(s):  
E.A. Nepochatenko ◽  
E.T. Prokopchuk ◽  
B.S. Guzar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Tax Regimes

Subject. The article considers financial regulation through the use of tax mechanisms. Objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate European and Ukrainian practices of fiscal incentives for farming through fiscal instruments with VAT playing the key role. Methods. In the study we employed economic and statistical research methods, like monographic, comparison, scientific generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of VAT implementation on farmers in developed countries in Europe we substantiated the conclusion about its focus on simplifying the tax procedures and eliminating the negative impact on operations of economic entities. Special tax treatment (including VAT collection) is mainly used to streamline tax relations, taking into account the specifics of farming, rather than to improve the financial support to farms. We revealed that in the Ukrainian practice its main task is financial support to agricultural production. Conclusions and Relevance. The experience of developed European countries on the use of special tax regimes and taxation procedures should serve as a model for Ukraine. Financial incentives for agricultural production development should be directly supported by the State, and special tax treatment and tax administration should be focused on streamlining tax relations in the region, based on the practice of developed European countries such as UK, Germany, Italy and France.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Rathna Hor ◽  
Phanna Ly ◽  
Agusta Samodra Putra ◽  
Riaru Ishizaki ◽  
Tofael Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Food Production System

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

Irrigation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract Crop production in many regions has been reliant on irrigation for almost as long as man has been cultivating plant life. For 6000 years, irrigation has ranked among the most powerful tools of human advancement (Postel, 1999), and by the start of the 21st century no less than 75% of the world's fresh water was in use for agricultural production (Levy and Coleman, 2014). In 2012, twenty percent of total cultivated land was under irrigation, contributing forty percent of the total food production worldwide, this represented 275 million hectares under actual irrigation with a total of 324 million hectares equipped for irrigation (FAO, 2016). Irrigation, which can be defined as 'the artificial application of water to land, soil or other growing medium for the purposes of crop growth', has become a global issue in more recent times as the increasing demand for fresh water has seen problems develop with water scarcity, quality issues and conflict over usage.

scholarly journals Food security issues in the economic security system of the Republic of Armenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
M.G. Manucharyan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Republic

One of the most important components of national security is food security. The country's food security is mainly ensured through the development of agriculture, food production and food import systems. The main problems of the development of the agri-food system of the republic were the increase of the level of provision of the population with food, the increase of the level of economic protection of the country, which, first of all, requires an increase of agricultural production to provide the population with locally produced food products, raw materials to the processing industry as much as possible, as well as to increase export volumes. The main goal of the research is to develop and outline the ways of further development of the RA food self-sufficiency based on the development of agricultural production. Based on the analysis of the current situation in the agricultural market, to propose a set of economic development measures, which will contribute to the increase of the food security level, the development of the agri-food system, the reduction of the poverty level of the rural communities. The research substantiated the preconditions for further growth of agricultural production, as a result of comprehensive studies and analyzes, the main directions of improving food production and increasing efficiency were outlined, which conditioned the scientific novelty.

scholarly journals Role of Cooperative Societies in Boosting Agricultural Production & Entrepreneurship in the Kebbi State of Nigeria.

2017 ◽  
pp. 234-351
Author(s):  
Kamelshewer Lohana Et al.,
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Survey Results

The study Assess the Role & contributions of cooperative societies in boosting agricultural production & Entrepreneurship in the Kebbi State of Nigeria. A total of 120 sample size was used for the study. Cluster sampling technique was used to obtaining information from sample respondents (members of farmers’ cooperative societies). Sixty (60) questionnaires were administered to sixty respondents, each in both Zuru and Yauri Local Government Areas. Data collected was analysed and interpreted using simple percentage and descriptive methods. The major conclusions drawn from this research were: survey results, regarding effectiveness of cooperative societies in improving agricultural production & Entrepreneurship, have shown that 33.3% and 25% of the respondents in Zuru and Yauri Local Government Areas reported promoting farmers’ participation in agriculture, while 25% and 46% agreed to boost agricultural production in the study areas. About 36.6% and 35% believed in the effectiveness of cooperative societies in increasing food production. Sample respondents in the two Local Government Areas 5% and 3.3% reported all of the above indicators increase the effectiveness of cooperatives to agriculture. Survey results regarding the role of cooperatives in boosting Entrepreneurship in the study areas shows that 75% Zuru 88.3% Yauri agreed that cooperatives have added value to boosting Agric production & Entrepreneurship and only 15% and 11.6% did not agree with the above opinion. Many problems were identified that affects the smooth functioning of cooperatives and solutions for addressing the problems were recommended. Therefore it was concluded that Null Hypothesis HO is rejected and Alternate Hypothesis HA is accepted.

scholarly journals Balancing production and culture: Sustainable agriculture in the Amazon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Gandarilla ◽  
Giovanni A Carosso ◽  
Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Sustainable Food Production ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Exception

Sustainable food production in developing countries is challenging, as it requires balancing scalability with respect for local culture and traditions. Bolivia represents a particularly interesting example; with over 36 recognized indigenous groups encompassing over 70% of the country’s population in a relatively small territory, Bolivia is considered one of the most diverse countries in the world (Ferreira et al., 2019). Agriculture in Bolivia employs over 5% of the country’s population and represents over 14% of its GDP. Yet, the introduction of new agribusiness approaches has often been met with resistance by the local communities. For example, the use of transgenic seeds in Bolivia is forbidden by law, with a single exception in soybean production (Avila and Izquierdo, 2006). As result, Bolivia is at a disadvantage in relation to its neighbors in agricultural production. In addition, high costs of transport and export of produce due to the landlocked nature of the country, compounded by logistic difficulties of exporting through a third country, highlight the need of policies that facilitate a larger and more efficient food production.

Abstract 2374: A New More Sensitive Method to Assess Balance Among Stroke Trial Populations

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchaiah Mandava ◽  
Michael E Brooks ◽  
Chase S Krumpelman ◽  
Thoma A Kent
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
Stroke Trial

Background: Stroke outcome is dependent on baseline factors such as NIHSS and age. Relationships between these variables and outcomes are often non-linear and imbalances can influence outcomes, particularly in subgroup analysis with smaller number of subjects. Balance in baseline variables factors are typically compared by Wilcoxon rank sum, t-test or ANOVA. Because of non-linearity, these tests may be insensitive to important differences in the distribution of these factors and if multiple factors are considered simultaneously. We adapted a multi-dimensional extension of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test proposed by Fasano and Franceschini (FF) to compare population distributions. The FF algorithm provides a method to calculate KS Distance (KSD) between two distributions in multiple dimensions and a probability value can be obtained. We hypothesized that the FF algorithm would be more sensitive than traditional statistical tests to determine whether baseline factors differed among two trial arms. We further show that matching for baseline variables (nearest neighbor Euclidean matching, pPAIRS©; Mandava Kent Stroke 2010) improves the KSD, indicating closer matched populations. Methods: The NINDS database was used for this study ( ntis.gov ). The subgroup of rt-PA and placebo treated normoglycemic subjects with large artery stroke was analyzed. Median and mean NIHSS and age were compared and KSD and a p value were calculated using a custom program, pPOPULATION© written in Matlab®. rt-PA and placebo subjects were then matched using pPAIRS© and outliers eliminated. KSD and p value for the post-matched groups were calculated. Results: The left half of the table shows the pre-match comparisons. Baseline variables were not different using usual tests. A KSD value of 0.283, however yielded p=0.008, suggesting that the population distributions are indeed different when two variables are considered simultaneously. Right half of the table shows the post-match comparisons of baseline variables. The KSD value, 0.217, is lower and is associated with a p value = 0.175, indicating that the post-matched distributions are similar. a Wilcoxon Rank-Sum; b Student t-test; Conclusion: We demonstrate here a new application of a 2d version of the KS distance to verify the similarity of stroke populations and show that it is more sensitive than traditional difference testing. This finding is important because baseline imbalances are critical for accurate assessment of outcome. This algorithm can be further extended to additional dimensions (e.g.: glucose). Its relative advantages over other methods will be discussed.

3D Evaluation of the Relationship between Different Vertical Growth Patterns and Cranial Base Angulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ugurlu ◽  
Rıdvan Oksayan ◽  
Ibrahim Sevki Bayrakdar ◽  
Fatih Kahraman ◽  
Ilhan Metin Dagsuyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Normal Angle

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to compare cranial base angulations in subjects with high-angle, low-angle, and normal-angle vertical growth patterns using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Design This study is a retrospective clinical research. Settings This study was carried out at the Dentistry Faculty of Eskisehir Osmangazi University. Participants According to skeletal vertical face growth patterns, 78 subjects (48 females and 30 males, average age: 13.19 ± 1.73 years) were divided equally into three groups: high angle, low angle, and normal angle groups. Main Outcome Measures Cephalometric images were derived from CBCT, and patients were classified according to the SN-GoGn angle (sella-nasion, gonion gnathion angle). Sagittal, axial, and coronal cranial base angulations were measured in three-dimensional (3D) CBCT images. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests. Results There were statistically significant differences between the low-angle and high-angle groups according to sagittal cranial base angulation parameters (p = 0.01). Conversely, there were no statistically significant differences between vertical facial growth patterns according to coronal and axial cranial angle variables (p > 0.05). Conclusion According to the study results, there were no effects of cranial base angulations in two planes (coronal and axial) on different vertical skeletal growth patterns. In the sagittal cranial base angulation parameter, the high-angle group showed greater angulation values than the low-angle group. CBCT may be helpful for evaluating, diagnosing, and predicting 3D cranial base differences.

scholarly journals Coupling Relationship between Agricultural Labor and Agricultural Production Against the Background of Rural Shrinkage: A Case Study of Songnen Plain, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Yang ◽  
Liu ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Songnen Plain ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Coupling Relationship ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Evolution Characteristics ◽  
Per Capita

Based on panel data from 1995, 2005, and 2015 in the Songnen Plain in Heilongjiang Province, this paper used quantitative and spatial analysis methods to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and coupling relationship between agricultural labor and agricultural production at the county level against the background of rural shrinkage. The results showed the following: (1) From 1995 to 2015, the agricultural labor population in Songnen Plain increased first and then decreased. The transfer of agricultural labor in the northern and eastern areas was clear, and the agricultural labor population in the central and western areas showed an increasing trend. (2) From 1995 to 2015, the agricultural production showed a growth trend, from the characteristics of “high in the southwest and low in the northeast” to “high in the central areas and low around”, with clear regional differences. (3) The coupling relationship between agricultural labor and agricultural production was diverse, showing a trend of positive development from extensive, lagged, and declining types to growth or intensive types. In some areas, the transfer of agricultural labor brought about an increase in the per capita cultivated land and an intensive transformation of production, but problems such as hollow villages, the abandonment of cultivated land and food insecurity often occurred. In addition, the increase in the agricultural labor population promoted the growth of grain yield and agricultural output value, but the decrease in per capita cultivated land might lead to a decrease in the per capita income. Finally, based on the coupling types and spatial distribution characteristics of agricultural labor and agricultural production, some policy suggestions are proposed for rural revitalization.

scholarly journals Three Decades of Changes in Brazilian Municipalities and Their Food Production Systems

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva ◽  
Mateus Batistella ◽  
James D. A. Millington ◽  
Emilio Moran ◽  
Luiz A. Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Trade Offs

Agricultural systems are heterogeneous across temporal and spatial scales. Although much research has investigated farm size and economic output, the synergies and trade-offs across various agricultural and socioeconomic variables are unclear. This study applies a GIS-based approach to official Brazilian census data (Agricultural Censuses of 1995, 2006, and 2017) and surveys at the municipality level to (i) evaluate changes in the average soybean farm size across the country and (ii) compare agricultural and socioeconomic outcomes (i.e., soybean yield, agricultural production value, crop production diversity, and rural labor employment) relative to the average soybean farm size. Statistical tests (e.g., Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman’s correlation) were used to analyze variable outcomes in different classes of farm sizes and respective Agricultural Censuses. We found that agricultural and socioeconomic outcomes are spatially correlated with soybean farm size class. Therefore, based on the concepts of trade-offs and synergies, we show that municipalities with large soybean farm sizes had larger trade-offs (e.g., larger farm size was associated with lower crop diversity), while small and medium ones manifest greater synergies. These patterns are particularly strong for analysis using the Agricultural Census of 2017. Trade-off/synergy analysis across space and time is key for supporting long-term strategies aiming at alleviating unemployment and providing sustainable food production, essential to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

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