Efeito da salinidade na germinação e desenvolvimento inicial da mamona ‘BRS energia’

A mamoneira possui destacável importância no mundo, tem como principal produto derivado do seu óleo que pode ser utilizado como matéria prima para o biodiesel. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os níveis de tolerância das sementes de mamona ao estresse salino simulados por NaCl. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Laboratório de Irrigação e Salinidade na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Em cada tratamento foram utilizadas 100 sementes, dispostas em quatro repetições de 25 sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Para a avaliação da germinação sob estresse salino utilizou-se soluções de NaCl com as seguintes condutividade elétrica: 0,4; 1,2; 2,2; 3,2 e 4,2dSm-1. Realizou-se avaliações de porcentagem de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, velocidade média de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e aos 15 dias realizaram o comprimento da raiz primaria, da parte aérea, e pesou a massa seca e fresca das plântulas. As sementes de mamoneira BRS Energia apresentaram tolerância às águas com níveis de salinidade de até 4,2 dS m-1 em relação ao índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, velocidade média de germinação e porcentagem de germinação e o aumento da salinidade afetou o comprimento da parte aérea e da zona radicular.Effect of salinity on germination and initial development of castor bean ‘BRS energia’Abrstact: The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oilseed that has detachable importance in Brazil and worldwide, its main product derived from its oil that can be used as raw material for biodiesel, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance levels of castor seeds to salt stress simulated by NaCl. In each treatment, 100 seeds, in four replicates of 25 seeds. For the evaluation of germination under salt stress was used NaCl solutions with the following electric conductivity: 0.4dSm-1 1.2dSm-1, 2.2dSm-1, 3.2dSm-1 and 4.2dSm-1. Was evaluated germination percentage, average time of germination, average speed of germination, GRI and 15 days held the length of the primary root, of shoots, and weighed dry and fresh weight of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized. The seeds of castor bean BRS Energia showed tolerance to water with salinity levels up to 4.2dSm-1 in relation to the germination speed index, average time of germination, average speed of germination and germination percentage and the high salinity affected the length of shoot and root zone.

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Physiological quality of castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.) after processing

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v41n2215551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 224-232

Author(s):

Anailda Angélica Lana Drumond ◽

Juliana de Fátima Sales ◽

Jacson Zuchi ◽

Gessimar Nunes Camelo ◽

Moara Mariely Vinhais Souza

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Raw Material ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Castor Seeds

Abstract: Castor bean seeds are the raw material used for extracting oil destined to pharmaceutical and industrial ends. The appropriate application of post-harvest technologies, such as processing, is required to ensure the production of top quality seeds. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the physiological quality of seeds from two castor bean genotypes, classified according to their specific mass and size. Castor seeds of the genotypes EVF102 and EVF103 were mechanically harvested and then classified with the aid of cylindrical sieves and a densimetric table. This procedure was conducted at the processing unit of the company Sementes Goiás LTDA [Goiás Seeds Co.]. Evaluations of seed physiological quality were carried out in the Seed Laboratory of Instituto Federal Goiano, following a completely randomized design. The testing was conducted in four replicates, in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme (two genotypes x two sizes x five specific masses). The following parameters were appraised: (a) mass of one thousand seeds; (b) germination; (c) germination speed index; (d) emergence test; (e) emergence speed index; (f) electrical conductivity; and (g) accelerated aging. Genotype EVF102 seeds sized 8 mm, as classified by the densimetric table, showed the highest physiological quality, considering the germination, germination speed index, and emergence. Seeds of the genotype EVF103, sorted by size, exhibited no difference in physiological quality.

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Germination and initial development of canola and radish submitted to castor leaves aqueous extracts

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i1.423 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Carlos Alberto Gonsiorkiewicz Rigon ◽

Adriana Tourinho Salamoni ◽

Luan Cutti ◽

Adalin Cezar Morais de Aguiar

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Initial Development ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Radish Seed

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) leaves on germination and initial growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings. Two experiments were conducted, usingcanola seeds for the first, which was installed in a 2x7 factorial scheme (with two photoperiods – dark and light and seven extracts concentrations - 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32%). The second experiment consisted of an evaluation of radish seed germination submitted to seven concentrations of the extracts in the dark photoperiod. The germination of the canola seeds was reduced in the dark, and the use of extracts at concentrations of 16% and 32%inhibited seeds germination for both studied photoperiods. The radish seed germination was completely inhibited when the concentration of 32% was used, however, at the concentrations of 4, 8 and 16% a reduction on rootand hypocoyl development of the seedlings were observed, affirming the high allelopathic potential of castor bean aqueous extracts on canola and radish.

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Leaf gas exchange, chloroplastic pigments and dry matter accumulation in castor bean (Ricinus communis L) seedlings subjected to salt stress conditions

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.10.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 385-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Hugo Alves Pinheiro ◽

José Vieira Silva ◽

Laurício Endres ◽

Vilma Marques Ferreira ◽

Celene de Albuquerque Câmara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Chloroplastic Pigments

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Salt-Tolerance in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Is Associated with Thicker Roots and Better Tissue K+/Na+ Distribution

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11090821 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 821

Author(s):

Junlin Zheng ◽

Gilang B. F. Suhono ◽

Yinghao Li ◽

Maggie Ying Jiang ◽

Yinglong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Young Leaves

Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an in-demand oilseed crop containing 40–60% highly valued oil in its seeds. It is moderately sensitive to salinity. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess plant growth and ion tissue distribution in different castor bean genotypes under various salt stress conditions to explore their potential for cultivation on saline land. Experiment 1 evaluated the response of five castor bean genotypes to four salt treatments (0, 50, 100, or 150 mM NaCl) up to 91 days after sowing (DAS). Experiment 2 further evaluated two genotypes selected from Experiment 1 in 1 m deep PVC tubes exposed to 0, 100, or 200 mM NaCl treatment for 112 DAS (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that salt addition (particularly 150 mM NaCl) reduced plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weights, photosynthetic traits, and leaf K+/Na+ ratio while increasing the leaf Na+ concentration of castor bean plants. Two genotypes, Zibo (Chinese variety) and Freo (Australian wild type), were more salt-tolerant than the other tested genotypes. In Experiment 2, salt-stressed Zibo flowered earlier than the control, while flowering time of Freo was not influenced by salt stress. The 200 mM NaCl treatment reduced the total root length and increased the average root diameter of both Zibo and Freo compared to the control. In addition, the 200 mM NaCl treatment significantly decreased total leaf area, chlorophyll content, and shoot and root dry weight of both castor bean genotypes by 50%, 10.6%, 53.1%, and 59.4%, respectively, relative to the control. In contrast, the 100 mM NaCl treatment did not significantly affect these traits, indicating that both genotypes tolerated salt stress up to 100 mM NaCl. In general, Freo had greater salt tolerance than Zibo, due to its higher average root diameter, lower Na+ concentration, and higher K+/Na+ ratio in young leaves under salt conditions. In conclusion, genotype Freo is recommended for cultivation in saline soils and could be used to breed high-yielding and salt-tolerant castor bean genotypes.

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Nutritional value and safety of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds detoxified in solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f170201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

OLUWAFOLAKEMI CHRISTIANAH ADEBAYO ◽

Clement Olusola Ogidi ◽

BAMIDELE JULIET AKINYELE

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Hematological Analysis ◽

Castor Seeds ◽

Proximate Analyses

Abstract. Adebayo OC, Ogidi CO, Akinyele BJ. 2019. Nutritional value and safety of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seed detoxified in solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: 51-60. The nutrient and antinutrient contents of unfermented castor seeds (UCS), castor seeds fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus (CPF) and “Ogiri,” a naturally fermented condiment from castor seeds (CSF) were determined. Proximate analyses of all the samples were carried out using methods of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The biosafety of the samples was carried out using the animal model. The raw castor seeds (UCS) had the highest carbohydrate (61.04%), ash (6.02%), fats (6.65%), fiber (6.62%), and calcium (0.30 mg/100g). Castor seeds fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus (CPF) had the highest protein content of 20.47%, magnesium of 7.16 mg/100g, alkaloids (7.40 mg/g) and saponins (6.69 mg/g) . CSF had the highest zinc (0.69 mg/100g). CPF had the lowest tannin (0.05 mg/g). All the essential amino acids increased significantly in the fermented samples. Tryptophan was absent in UCS but present in CSF and CPF with values of 0.78 mg/100g and 1.15 mg/100g, respectively. The hematological analysis of the rats fed CPF had the highest WBC of 5.43×109, which indicated a positive immunomodulatory effect. Hence, this study revealed that Pleurotus ostreatus degraded the toxic compounds in castor seeds to a large extent and enhanced the nutritional contents of the final product.

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EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON SEEDS GERMINATION AND LUMINOSITY LEVELS ON THE VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v51i4.73306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 830

Author(s):

Norma Barbado ◽

Marcelo Bevilacqua Remor ◽

Patrícia Pereira Gomes ◽

Fernanda Rúbio ◽

Rodrigo De Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Root ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽

Initial Development ◽

Seed Collection ◽

Germination Process ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Four Levels

Schinus terebinthifolius is a pioneer species of the Atlantic Forest. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the germination process of S. terebinthifolius seeds collected in four sites with different altitudes (São Francisco do Sul/SC, 2.53 m; Foz do Iguaçu/PR, 176.67 m; Maringá/PR, 458.00 m; Guarapuava/PR, 1,048.70 m) and their initial development under four luminosity levels. For the germination test, we used the completely randomized experimental design with 12 repetitions with 50 seeds per treatment. The seedlings were subjected to the luminosity levels of 50, 60, 70, and 100%. A triple factorial scheme, with four levels in each factor (43), was used to evaluate the seed collection site, luminosity, and seedling’s development period. Principal components analysis was applied to the correlation matrix in the set of response variables emerging from the treatments. Seeds collected in São Francisco do Sul/SC presented higher vigor, and better germination speed index (GSI), development of the primary root and aerial part length. However, they also presented the worst result for the vegetative growth of seedlings subjected to a luminosity of 50%. Seeds collected in Maringá/PR presented a lower germination percentage and GSI. Still, they obtained the better results for vegetative development of seedlings subjected to a luminosity of 70%. This study confirmed that S. terebinthifolius seedlings, when exposed to luminosity higher than 60%, present better adaptation and development. Nonetheless, further studies about altitude and management are required to foster the recovery of degraded areas.

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Graviresponsiveness and cap dimensions of primary and secondary roots of Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b84-239 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (8) ◽

pp. 1767-1769 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Randy Moore ◽

John Pasieniuk

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Primary Root ◽

Root Cap ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Secondary Roots

After branching from the primary root, secondary roots of castor bean (Ricinus communis) grow laterally for 15–20 mm, after which they bend downward (i.e., become positively gravitropic). During the first 10 mm of growth, the lengths of caps of secondary roots increase from 120 ± 26 to 220 ± 28 μm. Although this increase is statistically significant (P < 0.1%), the resulting secondary roots are only minimally graviresponsive. A subsequent doubling of the lengths and widths of the root caps (i.e., to 420 ± 34 and 450 ± 41 μm, respectively) is positively correlated with the onset of gravicurvature. The graviresponsiveness and dimensions of caps of positively gravitropic secondary roots are not significantly different from those of positively gravitropic primary roots. These results indicate that (i) a statistically significant increase in the length and length:width ratio of a root cap does not necessarily result in the root becoming positively gravitropic, (ii) there may be a minimum cap length and (or) width necessary for graviresponsiveness, and (iii) the degree of graviresponsiveness exhibited by a particular root may be related to the size of its root cap.

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Exogenous glutamine increases lipid accumulation in developing seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cultured in vitro

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs150404090z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1137-1149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yang Zhang ◽

Sujatha Mulpuri ◽

Aizhong Liu

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Developing Seeds ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Storage Products ◽

Response To Change ◽

Castor Seeds ◽

Early Developmental

This report describes biomass production and compositional changes of developing castor seeds in response to change in the nitrogen resource (glutamine) of the medium. During the early developmental period (24-36 days after pollination), oil was found to initially accumulate in the developing seeds. Carbohydrates and oil were inversely related after glutamine provision (35 mM, in the culture medium). [U-14C] sucrose labeling was used to investigate the effect of metabolic fluxes among different storage materials. Addition of glutamine led to a 7% increase of labeling in lipids and an inverse decrease of labeling in carbohydrates. It was postulated that changes in the glutamine concentration in the medium are likely to influence the partitioning of resources between the various storage products, especially carbohydrates and oil. These observations will contribute to a better understanding of assimilate partitioning in developing castor seeds and the development of molecular strategies to improve castor bean seed quality and plant breeding studies.

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EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION LEVELS IN THE CASTOR BEAN (Ricinus communis L.) IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION

Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG ◽

10.13083/reveng.v21i5.408 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 493-500

Author(s):

Breno Rosa Neves ◽

Marcelo Rocha Santos ◽

Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Irrigation Levels

There has been an increase in the search for forms of renewable energy with lo environmental impacts, of which biodiesel is highlighted. The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a major raw material for the derivation of these biomass-based fuels. Due to the lack of information in literature regarding irrigation in castor bean crops in the semiarid region of Bahia, the aim of this study was to evaluate different irrigation levels on growth and yield of castor beans in the semiarid region of Bahia. The study was conducted in an experimental area of the agricultural sector of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Campus, Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil. The experiment was setup in a completely randomized design with 4x5 factorial scheme, consisting of four irrigation levels (T1: 100% ETc, T2: 80% of ETc, T3: 60% of ETc and T4: 40% of ETc, with drip irrigation), five evaluation dates (65, 80, 95, 110 and 126 day after sowing) and four replications. The reduction in irrigation did not cause differences in plant height, stem diameter and crown diameter of the castor bean cultivar Paraguaçu. Irrigation at 80% ETc showed to be more suitable, with increased yield and water use efficiency.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICALS CHANGES MODULATED BY SEEDS’ PRIMING OF LENTIL (Lens culinaris L.) UNDER SALT STRESS AT GERMINATION STAGE

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.5.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 27-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amal Bouallègue ◽

Fatma Souissi ◽

Issam Nouairi ◽

Monia Souibgui ◽

Zouhaier Abbes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Primary Root ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Embryonic Axis ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Germination Stage

Seed priming is one of the potential physiological approaches to enhance seed germination under salt stress. The present study examined the role of two seed priming molecules, salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to enhance the salt tolerance in lentil seeds at germination stage. Salt stress caused significant decrease in germination percentage and primary root elongation. This decrease was associated with significant increase in lipid peroxidation and total lipid (TL) contents in embryonic axis. The catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxydase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities remained unchanged or decreased significantly under the influence of salt stress, in both embryonic axis and cotyledons. Starch mobilization was not affected by salt stress. The two priming treatments effectively alleviated the negative effects of salt stress. SA and H2O2 applications after dose optimization resulted in significant enhancement of germination percentage and primary root elongation. No significant changes in starch, soluble sugars contents and SOD activity were detected following SA and H2O2 treatments. Seed priming treatments triggered the activities of GPOX and CAT and caused the reduction of lipid peroxidation especially in embryonic axis. TL content and especially the fatty acid C18:3 increased after SA applications. The better performance under salt stress of primed lentil seeds was associated with lower lipid peroxidation, and activation of enzymatic antioxidative defense system. Obtained results confirm the potential for using SA and H2O2 to improve germination and plant growth under salt stress conditions.

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