scholarly journals Evaluation of biofilm formation in the homozygous and heterozygous strains of vaginal Candida albicans isolates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Pakshir ◽  
Sahar Sheykhi ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian ◽  
Hasti Nouraei ◽  
Zahra Shahrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Hyphal Wall

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is one of the most opportunistic yeasts around the world. This species has two heterozygous and homozygous strains at hyphal wall protein 1 (hwp1) gene locus. A simple method for the discrimination of these two strains is the amplification of HWP1 gene. Regarding this, the aim of this study was to discriminate C. albicans heterozygous and homozygous strains via the amplification of hwp1 gene and evaluation of biofilm formation between the strains. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 homozygous (n=30) and heterozygous (n=30) strains were discriminated among 126 C. albicans vaginal isolates by the amplification of HWP1 gene, using specific primers. The evaluation of biofilm formation was accomplished using the visual method. Results: According to the results, the homozygous and heterozygous strains produced one and two DNA fragments, respectively. The frequency of homozygous strains among the C. albicans vaginal isolates was 76.2%. Biofilm formation activity in the heterozygous strains was more than that in the homozygous strains. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the strains in terms of biofilm formation. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the frequency of the heterozygous strains in C. albicans was lower than that of the homozygous strains. Both of the strains could form biofilm in the different ranges of severity. High activity of biofilm formation in heterozygous strains may set the ground for its pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Potensi kitosan kepiting rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dalam penghambatan pembentukan biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis dan pertumbuhan Candida albicansPotential of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) chitosan in the inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans biofilm

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Yoifah Rizka Wedarti ◽  
Laurencia Isabella Loekito ◽  
Fani Pangabdian ◽  
Dwi Andriani
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

Pendahuluan: Pembentukan biofilm sangat penting dalam patogenesis periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan bakteri yang banyak ditemukan pada plak gigi dan memiliki kemampuan membentuk biofilm demikian juga Candida albicans memiliki faktor virulensi yang dapat membantu kolonisasi dan proliferasi bakteri di dalam poket periodontal. Ekstrak kitosan kepiting rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) mempunyai potensi antimikrobial yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif terapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi kitosan kepiting rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dalam penghambatan biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Candida albicans. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental murni. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak kitosan kepiting rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) terhadap biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis dan biofilm Candida albicans.  Dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, di mana tiap kelompok terdiri dari 4 sampel. Kelompok K+ (kelompok kontrol positif), P1(kitosan 0,25%), P2 (kitosan 0,5%), P3 (kitosan 1%). Penghambatan biofilm ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode microtiter plate yang menghasilkan nilai optical density kemudian dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus persen penghambatan. Analisis data menggunakan one-way ANOVA diikuti dengan uji LSD. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan penghambatan biofilm dari kitosan Portunus pelagicus terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis (p<0,05) antara kelompok, kecuali K + dengan P3. Sedangkan untuk penghambatan Candida albicans menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam persentase penghambatan biofilm (p<0,05), antara kelompok K+ dengan P2 dan P3; kelompok P1 dengan P2 dan P3; kelompok P2 dengan P3. Simpulan: Kitosan Portunus pelagicus memiliki potensi dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis dan pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Kitosan Portunus pelagicus 1% memiliki efek antimikrobial terbesar pada biofilm.Kata kunci: Biofilm, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, kitosan portunus pelagicus, periodontitis. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Biofilm formation is important in periodontitis pathogenesis. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans, which are found in dental plaque and can form a biofilm, have virulence factor that facilitates the bacterial colonisation and proliferation in periodontal pockets. Chitosan extract of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) has antimicrobial potential which can be used as an alternative therapy. The objective of this research was to analyse the potential of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) chitosan in the inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans biofilms. Methods: This research was a pure experimental laboratory. This study used flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) chitosan to inhibit the biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans. The subjects were divided into four groups, where each group consisted of 4 samples. The K+ (positive control group), P1 (0.25% chitosan), P2 (0.5% chitosan), and P3 (1% chitosan). The biofilm inhibition was determined using the microtiter plate methods, which results in the value of optical density, then calculated using the inhibition formula percentage. Data analysis was conducted using the one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test. Results: There were significant differences in the Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm inhibition between groups (p < 0.05), except in group K+ with P3. Whereas for Candida albicans biofilm inhibition showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) between group K+ with P2 and P3; group P1 with P2 and P3; and group P2 with P3. Conclusion: The chitosan of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) has the potential in inhibiting the biofilm formation of  Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans. The highest antibacterial effect on the biofilm formation is shown in the concentration of 1%.Keywords: Biofilm, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, chitosan, Portunus pelagicus, periodontitis.

scholarly journals Effect of Halita mouthwash on oral halitosis treatment: A randomized triple-blind clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Zahra Jamali ◽  
Mahdieh Alipour ◽  
Syamand Ebrahimi ◽  
Marzie Aghazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Organoleptic Score

Background. Halitosis (oral malodor) is a common problem all over the world and its prevalence has been estimated at 23‒ 50%. Halitosis originates from oral cavity in 85% of patients. This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Halita mouthwash in oral halitosis treatment. Methods. Fifty subjects with an organoleptic score of >2 at baseline participated in this triple-blinded clinical trial. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group I subjects (N=25) were instructed to rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash twice a day for 1 week. Group II subjects (N=25) used Halita mouthwash with the same instruction. Halitosis was evaluated at baseline and one week after using the mouthwashes by organoleptic method. Data were analyzed with chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests (P<0.05). Results. In the Halita group subjects exhibited 2.04±0.65 reduction in OLS. OLS reduction in the chlorhexidine group was 1.95±0.74. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Based on the results, Halita mouthwash has the same effect on oral halitosis as routine 0.2% CHX mouthwash. Halita mouthwash has fewer side effects because of lower concentration of chlorhexidine. Therefore 0.2% CHX mouthwash could be replaced by Halita mouthwash for the treatment of halitosis.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Virulence Factors of Homozygous and Heterozygous Strains of Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hasti Nouraei ◽  
Sahar Sheykhi ◽  
Zahra ZareShahrabadi ◽  
Hossein Khodadadi ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Proteinase Activity ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Hyphal Wall

Although the epidemiology of pathogenic Candida species is changing due to invasive diseases, Candida albicans has become the common cause of human infections worldwide. Candida albicans is a diploid yeast with a mostly clonal mode of reproduction and without known complete sexual cycle. This species has two heterozygous and homozygous strains at hyphal wall protein 1 gene locus (hwp1). Little is known about virulence factors of these strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exoenzyme activity of heterozygous and homozygous C. albicans strains. A total of 60 stock Candida albicans species isolates, which consisted of 30 homozygous and 30 heterozygous strains, were used for exoenzyme activities. We used egg yolk agar, Sabouraud blood agar, and bovine serum albumin agar for evaluation of phospholipase, hemolysin, and proteinase activity, respectively. Homozygous strains of Candida albicans had more phospholipase and proteinase activity than heterozygous strains. However, there were no significant statistical differences between the two strains in the severity of exoenzymes production. Beta hemolysin activity was seen in 100% and 96.7% of the homozygous and heterozygous strains, respectively. The results of this study indicated that both of the strains exhibited exoenzyme activities in different ranges. There were no significant statistical differences in virulence factors between the homozygous and heterozygous strains.

An Assessment of Red Cell Deformability Using a Simple Filtration Method

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Drummond ◽  
G Lowe ◽  
J Belch ◽  
C Forbes ◽  
J Barbenel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the reproducibility and validity of a simple method of measuring red cell deformability (filtration of whole blood through 5 µ sieves) and its relationship to haematocrit, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, white cell count, sex and smoking. The mean coefficient of variation in normals was 3. 7%. Tanned red cells showed marked loss of deformability. Blood filtration rate correlated with haematocrit (r = 0. 99 on dilution of samples, r = 0. 7 in 120 normals and patients). After correction for haematocrit, deformability correlated with high shear viscosity, but not low shear viscosity, fibrinogen or white cell count. In 60 normals there was no significant difference between males and females, or smokers and non-smokers, but in 11 smokers there was an acute fall in deformability after smoking 3 cigarettes (p<0. 05). Reduced deformability was found in acute myocardial infarction (n = 15, p<0. 01) and chronic peripheral arterial disease (n = 15, p<0. 01). The technique is reproducible, detects rigid cells and appears useful in the study of vascular disease.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EDUCATION AND TOLERANCE IN STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR GLEB NAYDONOV
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Interethnic Differences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the students’ tolerance as a spectrum of personal manifestations of respect, acceptance and correct understanding of the rich diversity of cultures of the world, values of others’ personality. The purpose of the study is to investgate education and the formation of tolerance among the students. We have compiled a training program to improve the level of tolerance for interethnic differences. Based on the statistical analysis of the data obtained, the most important values that are significant for different levels of tolerance were identified.

Awareness and perception of precautionary measures against Covid 19 exposure among dental practitioners- A questionnaire based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 550-557
Author(s):  
Harini P ◽  
Abilasha R
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The World ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

The most unexpected pandemic global outbreak is COVID 19 which is a newly discovered viral infection which originated in Wuhan, China and it caused the outbreak of pneumonia in the rest of the world. Dental practitioners are more susceptible to COVID 19 infection as their work is related to the aerosol formation during various procedures through which the virus spreads. The aim of the study is to create awareness about precautionary measures against COVID- 19 exposure among dental practitioners in Tamilnadu. A Survey based questionnaire was formulated with questions related to the various precautionary measures to be adopted by dental practitioners which would be effective to prevent Covid-19 exposure. A questionnaire with a total of 20 questions was circulated among dental practitioners and the responses were collected by google forms SPSS software statistical analysis was done. The overall awareness of dental practitioners against Covid-19 was above average. The dental practitioners were relatively well aware of the precautions to be adopted while treating the patients, but the implementation in practice is lacking due absence of hands-on experience in using various kinds of PPE. There is a gap between knowledge and attitude and practice among the participants of this survey. It is therefore essential to plan for organising training sessions and hands-on workshops for the use of PPE and public training of the general population regarding Covid-19 to improve the knowledge among the patients visiting the dental clinic as well.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

Income or Culture? Examining the Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing in an International Sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Garg
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Diminishing Marginal Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between income, subjective wellbeing, and culture among people from a higher socio-economic class across the world. Rationale: Ed Diener proposed the law of diminishing marginal utility as an explanation for differences in subjective wellbeing among different income groups across different countries (Diener, Ng, &amp; Tov, Balance in life and declining marginal utility of diverse resources, 2009). Thus, people with higher incomes would experience less subjective wellbeing due to income, and culture should emerge as a significant predictor. Method: Data from this study came from another study (https://siddharthgargblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/14/love-for-money/). I used an online survey to collect data on annual income in US dollars, subjective wellbeing (WHO-5), and country of residence (Indicator of Culture). 96 responses (Indians = 24, Foreigners = 72) were entered in IBM SPSS and a regression analysis was conducted. The raw dataset used in this study can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8869040.v1Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) between Indians and foreigners on levels of subjective wellbeing. Linear regression shows the regression coefficient of culture to be significant (Beta = -.254, p = .014) but the regression coefficient of income was not found to be significant. The overall model was found to explain 8.2% of the variance in wellbeing.Conclusion: The sample of this study is too small to make any kind of generalization; it does lend a little bit of support to the idea of diminishing marginal utility of income on subjective wellbeing and provides a rationale for further research.

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