scholarly journals Serum Tyrosine Level in Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasem ASGARI ◽  
Mina MOUSAEI SISAKHT ◽  
Shahrbanoo NADERI SHAHABADI ◽  
Forough KARAMI ◽  
Mostafa OMIDIAN
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This global infectious disease has been associated with behavioral changes in rodents and can result in humans' neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since the neurotransmitters alteration can cause a behavioral change, in this study, tyrosine level, as a precursor of dopamine, was evaluated in acute murine toxoplasmosis during 2015 and 2016 in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: At the first, 105 tachyzoites of T. gondii were subcutaneously inoculated to 50 BALB/c mice as experimental groups and 10 mice inoculated by PBS considered as the control group. After that, daily, one group of mice was bled, and sera were collected. Then, their serum tyrosine level was evaluated by HPLC method. Results: After data analysis, the maximum mean serum tyrosine level was seen at 2th day of post parasite inoculation (0.0194 mg/ ml), with a significant difference compared to the control group (0.0117 mg/ ml, P=0.025). Moreover, the least quantity of serum tyrosine (0.076 mg/ml) was seen on the 5th day, after parasite inoculation, however, no significant difference was seen. Conclusion: Serum tyrosine level increased in 2 d after inoculation of Toxoplasma, but the level regularly decreased in successive days. Tyrosine level increased by phenylalanine hydroxylase 2 days after inoculation, then tyrosine decreased by tyrosine hydroxylase in the next days. Toxoplasma tyrosine hydroxylase enzymes, at primary days of toxoplasmosis, effect on tyrosine production, and after that, the most effect on tyrosine consumption.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIPARKINSONIAN ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF VIGNA ACONITIFOLIA IN WISTAR ALBINO RAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
SUSHMITA SINGH ◽  
IMTIYAZ ANSARI
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Vigna aconitifolia (HEVA) in Wistar albino rat. Methods: In rats, catalepsy was induced using haloperidol (4 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment groups received bromocriptine (4 mg/kg) and HEVA at the dose of (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) orally. Bar test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer were carried out to assess behavioral changes. Assay of dopamine and catalase was also carried out to assess biochemical parameters. Results: Bromocriptine and HEVA-treated groups showed a significant difference in behavioral and biochemical parameters as compared to haloperidol control group in the experimental models. Conclusion: Vigna aconitifolia seeds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity in haloperidol mouse model.

scholarly journals Impact of Confinement on the Burden of Caregivers of Patients with the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease during the COVID-19 Crisis in France

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière ◽  
Hélène Pouclet-Courtemanche ◽  
Aurélie Gillet ◽  
Amélie Bernard ◽  
Anne-Laure Deruet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The clinical presentation of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) differs from that of Alzheimer disease (AD), with major impairments in behavioral functions in bvFTD and cognitive impairment in AD. Both behavioral disturbances in bvFTD and cognitive impairment in AD contribute to caregiver burden. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 crisis on the burden of caregivers of bvFTD or AD patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> During the COVID-19 lockdown in France, neurologists and neuropsychologists from the Memory Center of Nantes Hospital conducted teleconsultations for 38 AD patients and 38 bvFTD patients as well as for their caregivers. During these consultations, caregivers were invited to rate the change in their burden during home confinement. They were also invited to rate behavioral or emotional changes in the patients during, compared with before, the confinement. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-two bvFTD caregivers and 14 AD caregivers experienced an increase in burden. For bvFTD caregivers, this increased burden occurred regardless of behavioral changes, while AD caregivers experienced an increased burden related to changes in patients’ neuropsychiatric symptoms. Among the whole cohort, 2 factors were associated with increased caregiver burden: behavioral change and bvFTD. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results demonstrate that during home confinement in the COVID-19 crisis, neuropsychiatric symptoms were the core factor that impacted caregiver burden in different ways depending on the disease.

Ideational Fluency in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Mednieks ◽  
Vladimrs Naumovs ◽  
Jurgis Skilters
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ideational Fluency

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been well documented in several systemic inflammatory conditions, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Increased prevalence of cognitive decline and psychiatric issues has been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there is limited evidence for which exact cognitive domains are affected and to what degree. Aim: To test the performance of cognition in the domain of ideational fluency (Thing Categories Test in particular) in patients with RA and compare the results with the general population and to the results with cognitive and depression screening scores in both groups. Methods: Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) assessment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Thing Categories Test (TCT) were used to evaluate patients with RA, as well as the control group. Results: Twenty patients with RA and 20 controls were tested. 7 and 4 men, and 13 and 16 women in the study and control group, respectively. Average scores in TCT at three minutes were 7.50 (IQR6.0-10.0) and 6.0 (IQR3.0-8.0) for category “blue”; 17.50 (IQR15.0-19.0) and 16.0 (10.0-18.0) for category “round” in the control and study group, respectively. A statistically significant difference was established between the study and the control group in TCT for the category “blue” (p<0.025). The average score for GAD7 was 2.0 (IQR 0.0-5.75) and 3.0 (IQR0.50-6.00) in the control and study group, respectively. The average score for PHQ-9 was 2.0 (IQR0.25-4.75) and 4.0 (IQR2.00-5.50) in the control and study group, respectively. Finally, the average score for the MoCA scale was 27.0 (IQR25.25-28.00) and 26.0 (IQR23.50-28.00) in the control and study group, respectively. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests that RA at least partially affects the cognitive domain of ideational fluency. However, further research with larger experimental groups is needed to provide more conclusive evidence.

scholarly journals Stages of change of behavior in women on a multi-professional program for treatment of obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheila Aparecida Bevilaqua ◽  
Sandra Marisa Pelloso ◽  
Sonia Silva Marcon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage Of Readiness

ABSTRACT Objective: to ascertain the effectiveness of an intervention program in relation to anthropometric measurements and stage of readiness for behavioral change in women with excess weight. Methods: the intervention group (IG) was made up of 13 women, and the control group (CG), by 20. The intervention lasted 16 weeks, and included the practice of guided physical activity three times a week, and health education once a week. The application of the questionnaire on stage of readiness for behavioral change, and the anthropometric evaluations, were undertaken at two points - before and after the period of intervention. The statistical analysis involved tests of comparison and association. Results: in general, at the first point, the participants in the two groups were predisposed to make changes in what they ate and in their physical activity. However, significant difference was only observed in relation to weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio and readiness for change among the members of the intervention group. Conclusion: the intervention programmed was effective in weight loss, reduction of waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, and in changing behaviors related to the practicing of physical exercise and eating habits.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Saniya Feroz Pathan ◽  
Imtiyaz Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Canavalia Gladiata ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Bar Test

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Canavalia gladiata (HECG) in zebrafish and Swiss albino mice.Materials and Methods: Catalepsy was induced in zebrafish by exposing them to haloperidol solution. Treatment groups were exposed to bromocriptine and HECG, 30 min before haloperidol exposure at the dose of 2, 5, and 10 μg/mL. Latency to travel from one fixed point to another, time spent near the bottom of the tank, and complete cataleptic time were evaluated to assess behavioral changes. In mice, catalepsy was induced using haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment groups received bromocriptine (2.5 mg/kg) and HECG at the dose of (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) orally. Bar test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer were carried out to assess behavioral changes.Results: Bromocriptine and HECG-treated groups showed significant difference in behavioral parameters as compared to haloperidol control group in both the experimental models.Conclusion: Canavalia gladiata seeds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity in haloperidol mouse model and zebrafish. Zebrafish can be used with ease and effectiveness for initial screening of drugs before subjecting them to rodent testing.

THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE CONSULTATION PROGRAM ON EXERCISE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DM WITH OVERWEIGHT : TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL APPROACH

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rinco Siregar ◽  
Karnirius Harefa ◽  
Eva Kartika Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this quasi- experimental study was to determine the effect of exercise consultation program based on Transtheoretical Model (TTM) approach on exercise behavioral change, blood glucose and body mass index (BMI)  in patients of T2DM with overweight. The two comparison groups, quasi-experimental study were purposively designed for pre-test/post-test procedures; 61 patients of T2DM allocated into the experimental (31 patients) and the control (30 patients) groups. While the experimental group received the exercise consultation for 12 weeks, the control group received routine care. Comparative assessments on differences in exercise behavioral changes, blood glucose and BMI were examined both within and between groups using Chi-Square test and t-test. After receiving exercise consultation program, 54.8 % of participants of the experimental group had progressed to the action stage of change of TTM, while the majority of the participants in the control group (43.3%) remained in the same stages of TTM, and only 3.3 % of the participants had progressed to the maintenance stage. This proportion of exercise behavior change between the groups was significantly statistical different (Chi-Square = 000, p <0.05). Blood glucose significantly decreased in the experimental group (p < .05), but there was no significant difference in the control group.No significant difference of mean scores of BMI of participants between the experimental group and the control group post-intervention of exercise consultation program (p > .05). In conclusion, the exercise consultation program could promote the exercise behaviors. This also improves health outcome on blood glucose among patients of T2DM who.Keywords: transtheoretical model; physical exercise; type 2 diabetes

scholarly journals Drug Interaction Effect of Ketoprofen and Dexamethasone With Thiopental: A Pharmacokinetics and Anesthetics Study in Male Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Raeeszadeh ◽  
Mohammad Pouya Ghaffari ◽  
Abolfazl Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Method ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
And Control

Abstract There is a growing concern about drug interactions on the pharmacokinetic parameters of anesthetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic effects of thiopental anesthesia under the administration of ketoprofen and dexamethasone in the male dogs. 21 adult healthy male stray dogs weighing 21-23 kg were randomly divided into three groups. The control group received normal saline (0.2 ml/kg) 5 minutes before intravenous administration of thiopental (17 mg/kg), the T1 group received ketoprofen (2.2 mg/kg) 5 minutes before thiopental, and the T2 group received dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg) 5 minutes before thiopental. After anesthesia, clinical parameters of anesthesia, heart rate, respiration rate and electrocardiography were measured. Serum sample was also used to assay thiopental concentration using HPLC method, and then thiopental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Changes in rate of heart and respiration were significant intra-group differences 5 and 10 minutes after anesthesia.In addition, in the ketoprofen group, premature atrial contractions (PACs) were seen after induction of anesthesia with thiopental. Recovery time parameters showed a significant difference between T1 and control groups (P<0.05). Elimination and half-life of thiopental in the T1 group compared to the control and T2 groups showed a significant decrease and increase, respectively. In addition, the distribution volume of thiopental in T1 showed a significant increase compared to other groups. However, thiopental clearance in T1 and T2 groups did not show a significant decrease compared to control (P> 0.05). It can be concluded that dexamethasone can be used as an anti-inflammatory drug combination with thiopental in comparison with ketoprofen.

Levels of Prothrombin Fragment F1+2 in Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia and a History of Venous Thromboembolism

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kyrle ◽  
Andreas Stümpflen ◽  
Mirko Hirschl ◽  
Christine Bialonczyk ◽  
Kurt Herkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prothrombin Fragment ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
System Activation ◽  
One Year

SummaryIncreased thrombin generation occurs in many individuals with inherited defects in the antithrombin or protein C anticoagulant pathways and is also seen in patients with thrombosis without a defined clotting abnormality. Hyperhomocysteinemia (H-HC) is an important risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We prospectively followed 48 patients with H-HC (median age 62 years, range 26-83; 18 males) and 183 patients (median age 50 years, range 18-85; 83 males) without H-HC for a period of up to one year. Prothrombin fragment Fl+2 (Fl+2) was determined in the patient’s plasma as a measure of thrombin generation during and at several time points after discontinuation of secondary thromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulants. While on anticoagulants, patients with H-HC had significantly higher Fl+2 levels than patients without H-HC (mean 0.52 ± 0.49 nmol/1, median 0.4, range 0.2-2.8, versus 0.36 ± 0.2 nmol/1, median 0.3, range 0.1-2.1; p = 0.02). Three weeks and 3,6,9 and 12 months after discontinuation of oral anticoagulants, up to 20% of the patients with H-HC and 5 to 6% without H-HC had higher Fl+2 levels than a corresponding age- and sex-matched control group. 16% of the patients with H-HC and 4% of the patients without H-HC had either Fl+2 levels above the upper limit of normal controls at least at 2 occasions or (an) elevated Fl+2 level(s) followed by recurrent VTE. No statistical significant difference in the Fl+2 levels was seen between patients with and without H-HC. We conclude that a permanent hemostatic system activation is detectable in a proportion of patients with H-HC after discontinuation of oral anticoagulant therapy following VTE. Furthermore, secondary thromboprophylaxis with conventional doses of oral anticoagulants may not be sufficient to suppress hemostatic system activation in patients with H-HC.

Viscosity and Red Cell Deformity in Arterial Disease

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cella ◽  
H de Haas ◽  
M Rampling ◽  
V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Whole Blood Viscosity ◽  
Significant Difference

Haemorrheological factors have been shown to be affected in many kings of vascular disease. The present study was undertaken to correlate these factors in normal subjects and patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Twenty-two patients were investigated; they had moderate or severe intermittent claudication, extent of disease being confirmed by aorto-arteriography and ankle-systolic pressure studies. Twenty-five controls with no symptoms or signs of arterial disease were selected with comparable age and sex distribution. Whole blood viscosity was measured at shear rates of 230 secs-1 and 23 secs-lat 37°c using a Wells Brookfield cone plate microvisco meter. Plasma viscosity was also measured in an identical manner. Erythrocyte flexibility was measured by centrifuge technique and fibrinogen concentration as well as haematocrit by standard techniques. The fibrinogen concentration appeared to be the only significant parameter; the mean concentration in patients with peripheral vascular disease of 463 ± 73mg/l00ml in the control group ( < 0.05). Although whole blood viscosity was high in patients, when corrected to a common haematocrit, there was no significant difference between patients and controls. The same megative correlation was found for plasma viscosity. The red cell flexibility was found to be increased in patients as compared to the control group, but this effect appeared to be simply proportional to the fibrinogen concentration.

Is perioperative antibiotic necessary in straightforward implant placement procedures?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elçin Bedeloğlu ◽  
Mustafa Yalçın ◽  
Cenker Zeki Koyuncuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this non-random retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic antibiotic on early outcomes including postoperative pain, swelling, bleeding and cyanosis in patients undergoing dental implant placement before prosthetic loading. Seventy-five patients (45 males, 30 females) whose dental implant placement were completed, included to the study. Patients used prophylactic antibiotics were defined as the experimental group and those who did not, were defined as the control group. The experimental group received 2 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 1 h preoperatively and 1 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid twice a day for 5 days postoperatively while the control group had received no prophylactic antibiotic therapy perioperatively. Data on pain, swelling, bleeding, cyanosis, flap dehiscence, suppuration and implant failure were analyzed on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with regard to pain and swelling on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12 ( p &gt;0.05), while the severity of pain and swelling were greater on day 2 compared to day 7 and 14 and week 12 in both groups ( p =0.001 and p &lt;0.05, respectively). Similarly, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to postoperative bleeding and cyanosis. Although flap dehiscence was more severe on day 7 in the experimental group, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to the percentage of flap dehiscence assessed at other time points. Within limitations of the study, it has been demonstrated that antibiotic use has no effect on implant failure rates in dental implant surgery with a limited number of implants. We conclude that perioperative antibiotic use may not be required in straightforward implant placement procedures. Further randomized control clinical studies with higher numbers of patients and implants are needed to substantiate our findings.

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