scholarly journals Obstetrics–Gynecology Educational Achievements in Iran (1979-2017): Trends, Consequences and Future Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Tabatabai ◽  
Nasser Simforoosh ◽  
Seyed Esmaeil Azimi Khatibani
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Practice Pattern ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Educational Achievements ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
National Universities

Background: To study the current trends in Obstetrics–Gynecology (Ob-Gyn) education and workforce in Iran since 1979 and to discuss the consequences and implications. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to describe the Ob-Gyn residency and fellowship growth and workforce profile in Iran (1979-2017).The first-hand data gathered from MOHME and Iran’s Medical Council. The Obstetrician-Gynecologist (Ob-Gyns) per 100000 populations’ ratio and the percentage changes calculated and the trends analyzed. Results: Between 1979 and 2017, the proportion of trained Ob-Gyns at national universities increased by 86.27%, the number of certified Ob-Gyns increased by 333% and, female Ob-Gyns increased by 1142%.The ratio of active gynecologists per 100,000 people was 5.0 in 1979 and 8.05 in 2017, represents an increase of 70%. Since 1979 the number of active gynecologists has increased by 278 and the number of active female gynecologists has increased by 996%. Since 1990 the maternal mortality per 100,000 live births decreased by 79.9% in Iran. However, since 1980 the Cesarean proportion increased by 203% in Iran. Conclusion: Ob-Gyn education has undergone remarkable growth. Ongoing research should focus on Ob-Gyn’s geographic distribution, and potential implications of female Ob-Gyns practice pattern and technologies on women’s health.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Premature Rupture of Membrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryuni Maryuni ◽  
Dedeh Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Child Hospital ◽  
And Control

Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia based on 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey is 359 per 100,000 live births. Causes of the maternal mortality are still dominated by bleeding, preeclampsia/eclampsia and infections. One of causes of infections is premature rupture of membrane (PROM). PROMmay increase morbidity and mortality among mothers and children. Incidence of PROM is amount 10.7% of all childbirths. This study aimed to analyze risk factors of PROM incidence at Mother and Child Hospital of ANNISACiteureup, Bogor District in 2014. This study was analytical study using case control design. Samples consisted of case as many as 114 mothers who suffered from PROM and control as many as 228 mothers who did not suffer from PROM. Results of study showed that risk factors of PROM were age, parity, education. Based on multivariate analysis, education was the most dominant risk factor toward PROM incidence.AbstrakAngka kematian ibu di Indonesia berdasarkan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 sebanyak 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Penyebab kematian ibu tersebut masih didominasi oleh pendarahan, pre-eklampsia/eklampsia, dan infeksi. Salah satu penyebab infeksi adalah ketuban pecah dini (KPD). KPD dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada ibu dan anak. Insiden kejadian KPD sekitar 10,7% dari seluruh persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian KPD di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak (RSIA) ANNISA Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2014. Penelitianini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian kasus kontrol. Sampel terdiri dari 114 orang kasus ibu yang mengalami KPD dan kontrol sebanyak 228 ibu bersalin yang tidak mengalami KPD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian KPD yaitu usia, paritas, pendidikan.Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, didapatkan faktor yang paling dominan berisiko terhadap kejadian KPD yaitu pendidikan.

Pulse and Progress of Venture Capital Financing in India: An Analytical Study

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562
Author(s):  
Dr. Devarajappa S
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Venture Capital Investment ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
Secondary Information

The Main objective of the paper is to examine the current trends and progress of the venture capital in India and the paper also highlights the concept and stages of financing of venture capital. To meet the aim objective of the study the researcher used secondary sources. The required secondary information has been collected through various articles, reports, magazines’ and websites. To examine the trends of venture capital in India, IVCA (Indian Venture Capital Association) report is used.  For the purpose of examine the data; the statistical tools like Mean, Standard Deviation, Charts and ANOVA, Correlation coefficient have been employed.   The study concludes that, the venture capital investment has been increasing in India and this is the positive indication for the country, to curb the unemployment, economic empowerment of people through maximizing startups in India

Impact of National Health Mission of India on Infant and Maternal Mortality: A Logical Framework Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 097206342199498
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Health Management Information System ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Fund Allocation

Background: Since independence, life expectancy has increased substantially in India, but the goal of health-for-all has not been achieved yet. Hence, National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005, and several strategies were implemented to strengthen the health system. Impact evaluation of the mission was done to learn lessons for future health planning. Materials and Methods: Logical evaluation framework was used to examine input, output and impact indicators systematically using time series data from Health Management Information System, National Family Health Surveys, National Sample Surveys and Sample Registration Scheme. Findings: After launch of the mission, fund allocation has increased nearly five times. The number of auxiliary nurse midwives has doubled, and the number of nurses has trebled. The number of accredited social health activists has increased to about one million. Institutional deliveries have increased from 38.7% in 2005–2006 to 78.9% in 2015–2016. Full immunisation coverage has increased from 43.5% to 62%. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) use in childhood diarrhoea has increased from 26% to 51%. Infant mortality rate has declined from 58 in 2005 to 33 per 1,000 live births in 2017 and maternal mortality ratio has also registered a decline from 254 in 2004–2006 to 122/100000 live births in 2015–2017. However, out-of-pocket health expenditure continues to be fairly high (69.3% of the total expenditure on health). Conclusions: Though National Health Mission has made a significant impact, the goal of universal care coverage is not yet fully achieved. Hence, capacity of health system needs to be trebled by a substantial increase in fund allocation.

scholarly journals Maternal mortality in six low and lower-middle income countries from 2010 to 2018: risk factors and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bauserman ◽  
Vanessa R. Thorsten ◽  
Tracy L. Nolen ◽  
Jackie Patterson ◽  
Adrien Lokangaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Maternal mortality is a public health problem that disproportionately affects low and lower-middle income countries (LMICs). Appropriate data sources are lacking to effectively track maternal mortality and monitor changes in this health indicator over time. Methods We analyzed data from women enrolled in the NICHD Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) from 2010 through 2018. Women delivering within research sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India (Nagpur and Belagavi), Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia are included. We evaluated maternal and delivery characteristics using log-binomial models and multivariable models to obtain relative risk estimates for mortality. We used running averages to track maternal mortality ratio (MMR, maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) over time. Results We evaluated 571,321 pregnancies and 842 maternal deaths. We observed an MMR of 157 / 100,000 live births (95% CI 147, 167) across all sites, with a range of MMRs from 97 (76, 118) in the Guatemala site to 327 (293, 361) in the Pakistan site. When adjusted for maternal risk factors, risks of maternal mortality were higher with maternal age > 35 (RR 1.43 (1.06, 1.92)), no maternal education (RR 3.40 (2.08, 5.55)), lower education (RR 2.46 (1.54, 3.94)), nulliparity (RR 1.24 (1.01, 1.52)) and parity > 2 (RR 1.48 (1.15, 1.89)). Increased risk of maternal mortality was also associated with occurrence of obstructed labor (RR 1.58 (1.14, 2.19)), severe antepartum hemorrhage (RR 2.59 (1.83, 3.66)) and hypertensive disorders (RR 6.87 (5.05, 9.34)). Before and after adjusting for other characteristics, physician attendance at delivery, delivery in hospital and Caesarean delivery were associated with increased risk. We observed variable changes over time in the MMR within sites. Conclusions The MNHR is a useful tool for tracking MMRs in these LMICs. We identified maternal and delivery characteristics associated with increased risk of death, some might be confounded by indication. Despite declines in MMR in some sites, all sites had an MMR higher than the Sustainable Development Goals target of below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Trial registration The MNHR is registered at NCT01073475.

scholarly journals Two year review of maternal mortality at a tertiary care hospital of GMERS, Valsad, Gujarat, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Darshna M. Patel ◽  
Mahesh M. Patel ◽  
Vandita K. Salat
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Maternal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Background: According to the WHO, 80 of maternal deaths in developing countries are due to direct maternal causes such as haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders and sepsis. These deaths are largely preventable. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India is 167/100,000 live births.Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at GMERS, Valsad. Data regarding maternal deaths from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected and analyzed with respect to epidemiological parameters. The number of live births in the same period was obtained from the labour ward ragister. Maternal mortality rate and Mean maternal mortality ratio for the study period was calculated.Results: The mean Maternal mortality rate in the study period was 413.3/100,000 births. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India is 167/100,000 live births. More than half of maternal deaths were reported in multiparous patients. More maternal deaths were observed in women from rural areas (67.3%), unbooked patients (73.3%) and illiterate women (65.3%). Thirty six (69.3%) maternal death occurred during postpartum period. Most common delay was first delay (60.0%) followed by second delay (40.0%). Postpartum haemorrhage (28.8%), preeclampsia (17.3%), sepsis (13.46%) were the major direct causes of maternal deaths. Indirect causes accounted for one third of maternal deaths in our study. Anemia, hepatitis and heart disease were responsible for 13.4%, 5.7%, and 1.9% of maternal deaths, respectively.Conclusions: Majority of maternal deaths are observed in patients from rural areas, unbooked, and illiterate patients. Hemorrhage, eclampsia and sepsis are leading causes of maternal deaths. Most of these maternal deaths are preventable if patients are given appropriate treatment at periphery and timely referred to higher centers.

scholarly journals Maternal mortality in the indigenous and non-indigenous population in Pará: contribution to the surveillance of deaths

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivid Ramos dos Santos ◽  
Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ◽  
Bárbara Lopes Paiva ◽  
Ivaneide Leal Ataide Rodrigues ◽  
Lívia Félix de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: To analyze the occurrence of Maternal Mortality in general and in the indigenous population in the state of Pará. Method: A quantitative, analytical and retrospective study was performed, covering a historical series from 2005 to 2014. For the analysis of the results, non-parametric statistical tests, the Chi-square test and the G test were processed in the BioStat 5.0 software program. Results: A total of 884 maternal deaths were reported in the state of Pará, corresponding to a Mortality Rate of 60.7 per 100,000 live births for non-indigenous women and 135.8 per 100,000 live births for indigenous women. Oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium corresponded to 30.5% (n = 270). Conclusion and Implications for the Practice: Maternal mortality remains a serious public health problem in the state of Pará, clearly demonstrating that indigenous pregnant women require greater care, since they showed higher Maternal Mortality Rates when compared to non-indigenous women.

scholarly journals Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas tentang Infeksi Jahitan Perineum di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Kirnantoro Kirnantoro ◽  
Nur Indah Rahmawati ◽  
Iyoy Siti Muharomah
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
Birth Time

<p>Demographic Health Survey Indonesia in 2012, maternal mortality (AKI) is still high 359/100,000 live births, while the target of the MDGs by 2015, AKI can be reduced to 102 per 100,000 live births (SDKI, 2012). The direct cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia is bleeding (28%), eklamsi (24%), infection (11%), birth time (5%) and abort (5%) (Department of Health, 2010). The Purpose of this descriptive quantitative research is to identify the level of knowledge of childbearing mother on perineal suture infection in Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Bantul. This study was conducted at the hospital panembahan senopati bantul on 14-29 June 2014 with 38 samples determined by accidental sampling techniques. Research instrument used in this study was questioner. The result was of 30 respondents unrisk age (78,94%);respondent with the parity more than one children was 23 or 60,52%; mostly respondents were graduated from high school at 23 (60,52%); they were mostly household at 32 people (84,21%); and respondents had good level of knowledge on perineal infection at 26 people (68,42%). Conclusion, postpartum mothers in Panembahan Senopati Hospital have good level of knowledge on perineal suture infection.</p>

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