scholarly journals PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Shirzad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Tumor Diagnostics ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Genomic Regions

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) with the length of approximately 26-30 nucleotides are a distinct class of small non-coding RNAs that mainly expressed in the animal gonads. Other small RNAs originate from double stranded precursors but piRNAs derive from long single-stranded primary transcripts, which expressed from distinct genomic regions. piRNAs are involved in silencing of mobile elements named transposons and their main role is germline maintenance. Recent studies have opened new insights on biological and clinical significance of piRNAs in various diseases. Abnormal expression of piRNAs is a remarkable feature in many diseases especially human cancers, which emphasize on their important biological role in disease progression. Furthermore, they can be served as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. In this review, we explained piRNAs characteristics, biogenesis process and functions, discuss new findings about involvement of these elements in various disease and their potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers.  

scholarly journals Identification and analysis of circulating long non-coding RNAs with high significance in diabetic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Pant ◽  
Anuradha Dhanasekaran ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Edward B. Thorp ◽  
Joseph M. Forbess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Α Chain ◽  
Factor Α

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) lacks diagnostic biomarkers. Circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. To seek potential lncRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for DCM, we investigated the genome-wide expression profiling of circulating lncRNAs and mRNAs in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with and without DCM and performed bioinformatic analyses of the deregulated lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Db/db mice had obesity and hyperglycemia with normal cardiac function at 6 weeks of age (diabetes without DCM) but with an impaired cardiac function at 20 weeks of age (DCM) on an isolated Langendorff apparatus. Compared with the age-matched controls, 152 circulating lncRNAs, 127 mRNAs and 3355 lncRNAs, 2580 mRNAs were deregulated in db/db mice without and with DCM, respectively. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis showed that five deregulated lncRNAs, XLOC015617, AK035192, Gm10435, TCR-α chain, and MouselincRNA0135, have the maximum connections with differentially expressed mRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these five lncRNAs were highly associated with the development and motion of myofilaments, regulation of inflammatory and immune responses, and apoptosis. This finding was validated by the ultrastructural examination of myocardial samples from the db/db mice with DCM using electron microscopy and changes in the expression of myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in db/db mice with DCM. These results indicate that XLOC015617, AK035192, Gm10435, TCR-α chain, and MouselincRNA0135 are crucial circulating lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DCM. These five circulating lncRNAs may have high potential as a diagnostic biomarker for DCM.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors

NAR Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Katsushima ◽  
George Jallo ◽  
Charles G Eberhart ◽  
Ranjan J Perera
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be central players in the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. There is an accumulation of evidence on newly discovered lncRNAs, their molecular interactions and their roles in the development and progression of human brain tumors. LncRNAs can have either tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions in different brain cancers, making them attractive therapeutic targets and biomarkers for personalized therapy and precision diagnostics. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the lncRNAs that have been implicated in brain cancer pathogenesis, particularly in gliomas and medulloblastomas. We discuss their epigenetic regulation as well as the prospects of using lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with brain tumors.

Long non‐coding RNAs (CASC2 and TUG1) in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha S. Refai ◽  
Manal L. Louka ◽  
Hany Y. Halim ◽  
Iman Montasser
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

DLX6-AS1: a putative lncRNA candidate in multiple human cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan ◽  
Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi ◽  
Reihaneh Seyedebrahimi ◽  
Hamid Tanzadehpanah ◽  
Hamed Manoochehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in regulating the expression of genes and act as biomarkers in the initial development of different cancers. Increasing research studies have verified that dysregulation of lncRNAs occurs in various pathological processes including tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Among the different lncRNAs, DLX6-AS1 has been reported to act as an oncogene in the development and prognoses of different cancers, by affecting many different signalling pathways. This review summarises and analyses the recent research studies describing the biological functions of DLX6-AS1, its overall effect on signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action on the expression of genes in multiple human cancers. Our critical analysis suggests that different signalling pathways associated to this lncRNA may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis, or targets of treatment in cancers.

scholarly journals oncoNcRNA: A Web Portal for Exploring the Non-Coding RNAs with Oncogenic Potentials in Human Cancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Lin Wang ◽  
Xiao-Qin Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Jian-Hua Yang ◽  
Liang-Hu Qu
Keyword(s):  
Web Portal ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals ImReLnc: Identifying Immune-Related LncRNA Characteristics in Human Cancers Based on Heuristic Correlation Optimization

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihong Gao ◽  
Shuhui Liu ◽  
Yang Qi ◽  
Xinpeng Guo ◽  
Xuequn Shang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Prognostic Effect ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Relationship

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cancer through gene expression and immune regulation. Identifying immune-related lncRNA (irlncRNA) characteristics would contribute to dissecting the mechanism of cancer pathogenesis. Some computational methods have been proposed to identify irlncRNA characteristics in human cancers, but most of them are aimed at identifying irlncRNA characteristics in specific cancer. Here, we proposed a new method, ImReLnc, to recognize irlncRNA characteristics for 33 human cancers and predict the pathogenicity levels of these irlncRNAs across cancer types. We first calculated the heuristic correlation coefficient between lncRNAs and mRNAs for immune-related enrichment analysis. Especially, we analyzed the relationship between lncRNAs and 17 immune-related pathways in 33 cancers to recognize the irlncRNA characteristics of each cancer. Then, we calculated the Pscore of the irlncRNA characteristics to evaluate their pathogenicity levels. The results showed that highly pathogenic irlncRNAs appeared in a higher proportion of known disease databases and had a significant prognostic effect on cancer. In addition, it was found that the expression of irlncRNAs in immune cells was higher than that of non-irlncRNAs, and the proportion of irlncRNAs related to the levels of immune infiltration was much higher than that of non-irlncRNAs. Overall, ImReLnc accurately identified the irlncRNA characteristics in multiple cancers based on the heuristic correlation coefficient. More importantly, ImReLnc effectively evaluated the pathogenicity levels of irlncRNAs across cancer types. ImReLnc is freely available at https://github.com/meihonggao/ImReLnc.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs: Regulators of Cancer-Related Signaling Pathways and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Human Cancers

Theranostics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3106-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuozhang Yang ◽  
Lin Xie ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Xin Qu ◽  
Yihao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Human Cancers

Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in brain tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Kopkova ◽  
Jiri Sana ◽  
Pavel Fadrus ◽  
Ondrej Slaby
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a body fluid that has many important functions and is in direct contact with the extracellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF serves as both the communication channel allowing the distribution of various substances among the CNS cells and the storage facility for the waste products these cells release. For these reasons, CSF is a potential source of diagnostic biomarkers of many CNS diseases, including brain tumors. Recent studies have revealed that CSF also contains circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs that have been described as biomarkers in many cancers. However, CSF miRNAs are difficult to detect, which is why researchers face major challenges, including technological difficulties in its detection and its lack of standardization. Therefore, this review aims (i) to highlight the potential of CSF miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in brain tumors, and (ii) to summarize technological approaches for detection of CSF miRNAs.

scholarly journals Involvement of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Tumor Angiogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Teppan ◽  
Dominik A. Barth ◽  
Felix Prinz ◽  
Katharina Jonas ◽  
Martin Pichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Angiogenesis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
To Receive

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as non-protein coding transcripts with a minimal length of 200 nucleotides. They are involved in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, as well as in pathophysiological processes. Numerous studies considered that frequently deregulated lncRNAs contribute to all hallmarks of cancer including metastasis, drug resistance, and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is crucial for a tumor to receive sufficient amounts of nutrients and oxygen and therefore, to grow and exceed in its size over the diameter of 2 mm. In this review, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs are described, which influence tumor angiogenesis by directly or indirectly regulating oncogenic pathways, interacting with other transcripts such as microRNAs (miRNAs) or modulating the tumor microenvironment. Further, angiogenic lncRNAs occurring in several cancer types such as liver, gastrointestinal cancer, or brain tumors are summarized. Growing evidence on the influence of lncRNAs on tumor angiogenesis verified these transcripts as potential predictive or diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets of anti-angiogenesis treatment. However, there are many unsolved questions left which are pointed out in this review, hence driving comprehensive research in this area is necessary to enable an effective use of lncRNAs as either therapeutic molecules or diagnostic targets in cancer.

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