DLX6-AS1: a putative lncRNA candidate in multiple human cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan ◽  
Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi ◽  
Reihaneh Seyedebrahimi ◽  
Hamid Tanzadehpanah ◽  
Hamed Manoochehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in regulating the expression of genes and act as biomarkers in the initial development of different cancers. Increasing research studies have verified that dysregulation of lncRNAs occurs in various pathological processes including tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Among the different lncRNAs, DLX6-AS1 has been reported to act as an oncogene in the development and prognoses of different cancers, by affecting many different signalling pathways. This review summarises and analyses the recent research studies describing the biological functions of DLX6-AS1, its overall effect on signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action on the expression of genes in multiple human cancers. Our critical analysis suggests that different signalling pathways associated to this lncRNA may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis, or targets of treatment in cancers.

scholarly journals The role of m6A modification in the biological functions and diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulin Jiang ◽  
Baiyang Liu ◽  
Zhi Nie ◽  
Lincan Duan ◽  
Qiuxia Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Different Types ◽  
M6a Rna Methylation

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent, abundant and conserved internal cotranscriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs, especially within higher eukaryotic cells. m6A modification is modified by the m6A methyltransferases, or writers, such as METTL3/14/16, RBM15/15B, ZC3H3, VIRMA, CBLL1, WTAP, and KIAA1429, and, removed by the demethylases, or erasers, including FTO and ALKBH5. It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2 IGF2BP1/2/3 and HNRNPA2B1, also known as “readers”. Recent studies have shown that m6A RNA modification plays essential role in both physiological and pathological conditions, especially in the initiation and progression of different types of human cancers. In this review, we discuss how m6A RNA methylation influences both the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic, central nervous and reproductive systems. We will mainly focus on recent progress in identifying the biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation, its regulators and downstream target genes, during cancer progression in above systems. We propose that m6A RNA methylation process offer potential targets for cancer therapy in the future.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diet on the Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles, and Gut Microbiome-Virome in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi ◽  
Anoka A. Njan ◽  
Solomon O. Rotimi ◽  
Anu R. I. ◽  
Attia M. Elbehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Tumor Onset ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. The third most common cancer and which is most diet related is colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there is complexity and limited understanding in the link between diet and CRC, the advancement in research methods have demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are a class of ncRNAs are key players in cancer related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. The involvement of ncRNA in cancer progression has recently been clarified throughout the last decade. ncRNAs are involved in biological processes relating to tumor onset and progression. The advances in research have given insights into cell to cell communication, by highlighting the pivotal involvement of extracellular vesicle (EV) associated-ncRNAs in tumorigenesis. The abundance and stability of EV associated ncRNAs act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer. The understanding of the deranging of these molecules in cancer can give access to modulating the expression of the ncRNAs, thereby influencing the cancer phenotype. Food derived exosomes/vesicles (FDE) are gaining interest in the implication of exosomes in cell-cell communication with little or no understanding to date on the role FDE plays. There are resident microbiota in the colon; to which the imbalance in the normal intestinal occurrence leads to chronic inflammation and the production of carcinogenic metabolites that lead to neoplasm. Limited studies have shown the implication of various types of microbiome in CRC incidence, without particular emphasis on fungi and protozoa. This review discusses important dietary factors in relation to the expression of EV-associated ncRNAs in CRC, the impact of diet on the colon ecosystem with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms of interactions in the ecosystem, the influence of homeostasis regulators such as glutathione, and its conjugating enzyme-glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism on intestinal ecosystem, oxidative stress response, and its relationship to DNA adduct fighting enzyme-0-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and interaction in the intestinal ecosystem will inform on the diagnostic, preventive and prognosis as well as treatment of CRC.

scholarly journals LncTarD: a manually-curated database of experimentally-supported functional lncRNA–target regulations in human diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Zhao ◽  
Jian Shi ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Aimin Xie ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Pan Cancer

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with human diseases. Although lncRNA–disease associations have received significant attention, no online repository is available to collect lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms, key downstream targets, and important biological functions driven by disease-related lncRNAs in human diseases. We thus developed LncTarD (http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/LncTarD/ or http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/LncTarD), a manually-curated database that provides a comprehensive resource of key lncRNA–target regulations, lncRNA-influenced functions, and lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in human diseases. LncTarD offers (i) 2822 key lncRNA–target regulations involving 475 lncRNAs and 1039 targets associated with 177 human diseases; (ii) 1613 experimentally-supported functional regulations and 1209 expression associations in human diseases; (iii) important biological functions driven by disease-related lncRNAs in human diseases; (iv) lncRNA–target regulations responsible for drug resistance or sensitivity in human diseases and (v) lncRNA microarray, lncRNA sequence data and transcriptome data of an 11 373 pan-cancer patient cohort from TCGA to help characterize the functional dynamics of these lncRNA–target regulations. LncTarD also provides a user-friendly interface to conveniently browse, search, and download data. LncTarD will be a useful resource platform for the further understanding of functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA deregulation in human disease, which will help to identify novel and sensitive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Evidence for a link between IGF-I and cancer

2004 ◽  
pp. S17-S22 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Jenkins ◽  
SA Bustin
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Inappropriate Expression

Cancer risk is determined by a combination of environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Recent evidence suggests that dietary and related factors such as physical activity and body size may influence cancer risk through their effects on the serum concentration of IGF-I and its binding proteins. The growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis is involved in both human development as well as the maintenance of normal function and homeostasis in most cells of the body. In addition to their classical role as endocrine hormones, its members regulate a wide range of biological functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. During cancer development this complex network regulating tissue homeostasis breaks down, with inappropriate expression of the GH/IGF-I axis making an important contribution. The increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways regulated by the GH/IGF-I axis has started to provide significant insights into the aetiology, prevention and therapy for a number of common cancers.

The short and the long: non-coding RNAs and growth factors in cancer progression

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldema Sas-Chen ◽  
Swati Srivastava ◽  
Yosef Yarden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

A relatively well-understood multistep process enables mutation-bearing cells to form primary tumours, which later use the circulation system to colonize new locations and form metastases. However, in which way the emerging abundance of different non-coding RNAs supports tumour progression is poorly understood. Here, we review new lines of evidence linking long and short types of non-coding RNAs to signalling pathways activated in the course of cancer progression by growth factors and by the tumour micro-environment. Resolving the new dimension of non-coding RNAs in oncogenesis will probably translate to earlier detection of cancer and improved therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors: roles and potential as therapeutic targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Key-Hwan Lim ◽  
Sumin Yang ◽  
Jae-Yeol Joo
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractBrain tumors are associated with adverse outcomes despite improvements in radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. However, treatment approaches are evolving, and new biological phenomena are being explored to identify the appropriate treatment of brain tumors. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides, regulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels and are involved in a variety of biological functions. Recent studies on lncRNAs have revealed their aberrant expression in various cancers, with distinct expression patterns associated with their instrumental roles in cancer. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has also been identified in brain tumors. Here, we review the potential roles of lncRNAs and their biological functions in the context of brain tumors. We also summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to lncRNAs that may guide clinical trials for brain tumor therapy.

Piwi-interacting RNAs: biological functions and biogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Sato ◽  
Mikiko C. Siomi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Argonaute Proteins ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Germline Cells ◽  
Successive Generations

The integrity of the germline genome must be maintained to achieve successive generations of a species, because germline cells are the only source for transmitting genetic information to the next generation. Accordingly, the germline has acquired a system dedicated to protecting the genome from ‘injuries’ caused by harmful selfish nucleic acid elements, such as TEs (transposable elements). Accumulating evidence shows that a germline-specific subclass of small non-coding RNAs, piRNAs (piwi-interacting RNAs), are necessary for silencing TEs to protect the genome in germline cells. To silence TEs post-transcriptionally and/or transcriptionally, mature piRNAs are loaded on to germline-specific Argonaute proteins, or PIWI proteins, to form the piRISC (piRNA-induced silencing complex). The present chapter will highlight insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying piRISC-mediated silencing and piRNA biogenesis, and discuss a possible link with tumorigenesis, particularly in Drosophila.

scholarly journals miR-338-3p Is Regulated by Estrogens through GPER in Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs)

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Vivacqua ◽  
Anna Sebastiani ◽  
Anna Miglietta ◽  
Damiano Rigiracciolo ◽  
Francesca Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Taqman Array

Estrogens acting through the classic estrogen receptors (ERs) and the G protein estrogen receptor (GPER) regulate the expression of diverse miRNAs, small sequences of non-coding RNA involved in several pathophysiological conditions, including breast cancer. In order to provide novel insights on miRNAs regulation by estrogens in breast tumor, we evaluated the expression of 754 miRNAs by TaqMan Array in ER-negative and GPER-positive SkBr3 breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) upon 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment. Various miRNAs were regulated by E2 in a peculiar manner in SkBr3 cancer cells and CAFs, while miR-338-3p displayed a similar regulation in both cell types. By METABRIC database analysis we ascertained that miR-338-3p positively correlates with overall survival in breast cancer patients, according to previous studies showing that miR-338-3p may suppress the growth and invasion of different cancer cells. Well-fitting with these data, a miR-338-3p mimic sequence decreased and a miR-338-3p inhibitor sequence rescued the expression of genes and the proliferative effects induced by E2 through GPER in SkBr3 cancer cells and CAFs. Altogether, our results provide novel evidence on the molecular mechanisms by which E2 may regulate miR-338-3p toward breast cancer progression.

Decoding resistant hypertension signalling pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (23) ◽  
pp. 2813-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cambraia Parreira ◽  
Leandro Heleno Guimarães Lacerda ◽  
Rebecca Vasconcellos ◽  
Swiany Silveira Lima ◽  
Anderson Kenedy Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a clinical condition in which the hypertensive patient has become resistant to drug therapy and is often associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several signalling pathways have been studied and related to the development and progression of RH: modulation of sympathetic activity by leptin and aldosterone, primary aldosteronism, arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction and variations in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). miRNAs comprise a family of small non-coding RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are involved in the development of both cardiovascular damage and hypertension. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms that lead to development and progression of this condition. This review aims to cover the potential roles of miRNAs in the mechanisms associated with the development and consequences of RH, and explore the current state of the art of diagnostic and therapeutic tools based on miRNA approaches.

Long Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Gynecological Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1140-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manyin Zhao ◽  
Yiran Qiu ◽  
Baicai Yang ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Kaiwen Hei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with little or no protein-coding capacity. Previously, they were considered transcription byproducts without biological functions. Further studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in multiple biological and pathological processes, including regulation of epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional events. Long non-coding RNA expression patterns in various malignant tumors differ from those of benign tumors and normal tissue, and such alterations may promote or suppress tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The expression profiles of lncRNAs are abnormal in gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer, suggesting an important role for lncRNAs in tumorigenesis/progression of these cancers. Here, we summarized the research progress on identifying the biological functions of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis in gynecological cancers. We provide references for exploring the clinical applications of lncRNAs as early diagnostic biomarkers or ideal therapeutic targets in gynecological cancers.

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