The Growth and Antioxidative Responses of Sonchus oleraceus (Linnaeus, 1753) Under Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(VI) Stress Condition

Plants growing in soil containing heavy metal polutan such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) will be stunted, and increase production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). In dealing with the excess amount of ROS, plants have an enzymatic defense system, using superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxide (APX). The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the Sonchus oleraceus (Linnaeus, 1753) plant response to heavy metals stress, seen from the growth and antioxidative defense enzymatically. Research carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates. The metal treatment was 10 mg · L–1. The presence of heavy metals in the growing medium significantly decreased the plant height and leaf area, so the impact is on the weight of wet and dry weight. The metal treatments of Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu increase the activity of SOD and APX enzymes but decrease the activity of the CAT enzyme. Chromium is a metal that has a significant influence on the growth and activity of SOD, APX, and CAT enzymes in S. oleraceus.<div>Keywords: antioxidative responses; growth; heavy metal; Sonchus oleraceus; toxicity.</div>

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Castor Cultivars for Heavy Metals from Soil

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

M.J. KHAN ◽

N. AHMED ◽

W. HASSAN ◽

T. SABA ◽

S. KHAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Metal Uptake ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Contaminated Sites ◽

Heavy Metal Uptake ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Phytoremediation is a useful tool to restore heavy metals contaminated soils. This study was carried out to test two castor (Ricinus communis) cultivars [Local and DS-30] for phytoextraction of heavy metals from the soil spiked by known concentrations of seven metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). A pot experiment was laid out by using a completely randomized design. Soil and plant samples were analyzed at 100 days after planting. The data on heavy metal uptake by plant tissues (roots, leaves and shoots) of the two castor cultivars suggested that a considerable amount of metals (Fe = 27.18 mg L-1; Cu = 5.06 mg L-1; Cr = 2.95 mg L-1; Mn = 0.22 mg L-1; Ni = 4.66 mg L-1; Pb = 3.33 mg L-1; Zn = 15.04 mg L-1) was accumulated in the plant biomass. The soil heavy metal content at the end of experiment significantly decreased with both cultivars, resulting in improved soil quality. Therefore, it is concluded that both castor cultivars, Local and DS-30, can be used for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Cocopeat and Charcoal Combination in Growing Media of Green Mustard (Brassica rapa L.) Var. Parachinensis Growth

Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati ◽

10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

Masniar Vina Kesti ◽

Bambang Irawan ◽

Priyambodo Priyambodo ◽

Martha Lulus Lande

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Media ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Water Gas ◽

Difference Test

Green mustard is one type of vegetable that is easily cultivated and has good prospects to increase farmers' income and community nutrition. Growing media is a material that is useful as a place to stand upright seedlings, to develop seedling roots, to store water, gas, and nutrients needed for seedling growth. The purpose of this study is a). to determine the effect of using a combination of cocopeat and charcoal as a medium for planting mustard greens, b). to get the best dosage of the composition of the growing medium on the growth of mustard greens. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) = 5%. The results showed that the use of cocopeat growing media and charcoal influenced germination and vigor index. Cocopeat and charcoal have a significant effect on fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content of mustard greens. The mixture of cocopeat growing media and charcoal on P1 did not affect the growth of green mustard on the dry weight. Fresh weight gave a significant effect on K1 and P1 was also significantly different from P2 and P3.

Download Full-text

Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak [Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss] Pondoh yang Diinokulasi dengan Isolat Bakteri Potensial di Tanah Regosol Darmaga

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.6.1.37-44 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Fahrizal Hazra

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Inoculum Dose ◽

Bacterial Inoculum ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTSnake fruit [Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss] Pondoh is one of important fruits in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of some selected potential microbes such as Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Cellulolytic Bacteria, and N2-fixing Bacteria (Azospirillum) ongrowth of seedling of snake fruit Pondoh. A study was conducted in the nursery. The experiment used a completely randomized design with treatments namely: K0 (without inoculum); A1 (Azospirillum inoculum dose 5 ml), A2 (inoculum 25 ml); F1 (BPF inoculum dose 5 ml), F2 (dose 25 ml); S1; BPS inoculums (dose 5 ml), S2 (dose 25 ml); C1 (mixed bacterial inoculum A+F+S dose 5 ml), and C2 (A+F+S dose 25 ml). Plant height, P, C/N soil ratio, N were measured in 10 months for observing the impact of treatments. Results showed that the effect of inoculation of A2 to the amount of N-total (0.99%) was significantly different compared to soil with K0; and not significantly different from the amount of N-total inoculation A1, F1, F2, S1, S2, C1, and C2. F2 increased availability of P (20.79 ppm) in the soil higher than K0, A1, F1; and not significantly different from A2, S1, S2, C1, and C2. K0 treatment gave C/N ratio of soil significantly different from A1, A2, F1, F2, S1, S2, C1 and C2; BPS which showed activity in overhauling C-organic in the soil. Inoculation A2 and F2 increased plant height 15.48% and 9.31% higher than the control. Inoculation of C2 differed significantly in improving the fresh weight compared to control; and not significantly different from A1, A2, F1, F2, S1, S2, and C1 and able to increase the dry weight of 71.12% compared to the control.Keywords: Azospirillum, Cellulolytic Bacteria, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Snake Fruit ABSTRAKSalak Pondoh [Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss] merupakan tanaman buah bernilai tinggi dan diminati masyarakat. Budidaya salak diawali dengan pembibitan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh bakteri potensial hasil isolasi dan seleksi dari bakteri pelarut fosfat (BPF), bakteri perombak selulosa (BPS), dan bakteri pemfiksasi N2 (Azospirillum) dalam pertumbuhan bibit tanaman salak pondoh. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor yang terdiri atas: K0 (tanpa inokulum/Kontrol); A1 (inokulum Azospirillum 5 ml), A2 (25 ml inokulum); F1 (inokulum BPF dosis 5 ml), F2 (dosis 25 ml); S1 (inokulum BPS dosis 5 ml), S2 (dosis 25 ml); C1 (inokulum campuran A+F+S dosis 5 ml), dan C2 (dosis 25 ml). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 10 minggu sampai bibit salak Pondoh memiliki dua daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi A2dan S2 nyata jumlah N-total (0.99%) di dalam tanah dibandingkan dengan K0; tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain. Inokulasi F2 nyata meningkatkan P tersedia (20.79 ppm) di dalam tanah dibandingkan dengan K0, A1, F1; dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan A2, S1, S2, C1, dan C2. Induksi dengan seluruh isolat nyata terhadap C/N rasio tanah; yang menunjukkan adanya aktivitas BPS dalam merombak C-organik di dalam tanah. Inokulasi A2 dan F2 mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman 9.31% dan 15.48% lebih besar dibandingkan kontrol. Inokulasi C2 nyata meningkatkan bobot basah bibit salak pondoh dibandingkan kontrol; tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lain serta mampu meningkatkan bobot kering 71.12% dibandingkan kontrol.Kata kunci: Azospirillum, bakteri pelarut fosfat, bakteri perombak selulosa, Salak Pondoh

Download Full-text

Korelasi Antara Daya Serap Gracilaria sp. Terhadap Konsentrasi Logam Berat Cu di Media Pemeliharaan

Journal of Marine Research ◽

10.14710/jmr.v10i3.30732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 363-368

Author(s):

Regina Amanda ◽

Ria Azizah Tri Nuraini ◽

Endang Supriyantini

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Metal Content ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Living Things ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Pencemaran air terhadap lingkungan dapat menyebabkan dampak membahayakan yang dapat dirasakan oleh makhluk hidup. Salah satu logam berat yang sering mencemari air adalah logam berat tembaga (Cu). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya serap rumput laut Gracilaria sp. terhadap logam berat Cu dan pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 4 perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi Cu, yaitu kontrol (0,54 ppm, sesuai dengan konsentrasi Cu pada air laut), 3 ppm, 6 ppm, 9 ppm dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Pengukuran kandungan logam Cu terhadap Gracilaria sp. dengan menggunakan Atomic Absorpsion Spektofotometri (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan logam berat Cu tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 9 ppm, yaitu sebesar 3,63 ppm dan terendah pada kontrol yaitu sebesar 0,27 ppm.. Pertumbuhan Gracilaria sp. tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol dengan pertambahan berat sebesar 209,2 gram dan terendah pada konsentrasi 9 ppm, yaitu sebesar 162,9 gram. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi Cu yang diberikan maka semakin rendah pertumbuhan Gracilaria sp. Water pollution to the environment can cause dangerous impacts that can be felt by living things. One of the heavy metals that often pollutes water is the heavy metal copper (Cu). The purpose of this study was to determine the absorption capacity of Gracilaria sp. to the heavy metal Cu and its growth. This study used a laboratory experimental method with a completely randomized design (RAL) using 4 additional treatments of Cu concentration, namely control (0.54 ppm, according to the Cu concentration in seawater), 3 ppm, 6 ppm, 9 ppm with 3 repetitions. Measurement of Cu metal content against Gracilaria sp. by using Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the highest absorption of heavy metal Cu was at a concentration of 9 ppm, which was 3.63 ppm and the lowest was 0,27 ppm in control.. The Growth of Gracilaria sp. The highest was found in the control treatment with a weight gain of 209.2 grams and the lowest was at a concentration of 9 ppm, which was 162.9 grams. The higher the concentration of Cu given, the lower the growth of Gracilaria sp.

Download Full-text

PENGGUNAAN COAL FLY ASH (CFA) DAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) UNTUK PERBAIKAN TANAH ULTISOL DAN SERAPAN LOGAM BERAT

BUANA SAINS ◽

10.33366/bs.v20i1.1928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Aryo Candra Nugroho ◽

Amir Hamzah ◽

Hesti Triana Soelistriari

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Metal Content ◽

Main Type ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Land Area ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Very High

Ultisol is the main type of land in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Papua and Sulawesi, with an area of almost 45.8 million ha or 25% of the land area of Indonesia. Ultisol has a relatively high acidity (average pH 4.5), high Al saturation, reaching 60%. The efforts to increase the fertility of ultisol soils such as the addition of organic materials such as Empty Oil Palm Bunches (OPEFB) and CFA (Coal Fly Ash) or Coal Fly Ash (CFA) improve the physical properties of Ultisol soil. Use of CFA that exceeds the limit can cause pollution especially copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). One way to recover soil from heavy metal contaminants with Phytoremediation technology, mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is one of the plants that easily absorb heavy metals so that it can be used as a Phytoremediation agent. The aims of this research to determine the use of CFA and OPEFB to fix up the ultisol soil and heavy metal content absorbed by plants. This study used Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The results showed that using of CFA and OPEFB can increase the available P so that it can increase the growth of mustard plants and absorption of heavy metals. By using the dozes of 54.54g CFA and 18.18g OPEFB (C3K1) can increase P- available at 181.67 m kg-1 . The uptake of heavy metals Cu and Pb in mustard plants is very high. The highest uptake in Cu reached 192.03 mg kg-1 , whereas in Pb it was 80 mg kg-1 . This number is still very high, so it is dangerous if consumed.

Download Full-text

Nutritional Disorders of Macronutrients in Bletia catenulata

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14284-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1836-1839

Author(s):

Carlos Henrique Oliveira de David ◽

Vespasiano Borges de Paiva Neto ◽

Cid Naudi Silva Campos ◽

Priscilla Maria da Silva Liber Lopes ◽

Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutritional Disorder ◽

Visual Symptoms ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of macronutrient omission on nutritional disorders and the in vitro growth of Bletia catenulata. The experiment was performed in a growth room, with a controlled environment, in the biotechnology laboratory of the Campus of Chapadão do Sul (CPCS/UFMS). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and four replications, corresponding to the following treatments: complete treatment (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mo), nitrogen omission (–N), phosphorus omission (–P), potassium omission (–K), calcium omission (–Ca), magnesium omission (–Mg), and sulfur omission (–S) in B. catenulata. After detecting the symptoms, plant height, leaf area, dry weight, micronutrient content in the shoot, micronutrient accumulation in the shoot, and visual symptoms of nutritional deficiency were evaluated. The –N, –P, –Ca, and –Mg treatments hindered plant growth and dry weight yield. The deficiency of each nutrient resulted in morphological changes, which were verified by typical visual symptoms of nutritional disorder for each nutrient.

Download Full-text

POTENSI PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT TEMBAGA (CU) DAN PERTUMBUHAN MIKROALGA SPIRULINA PLANTESIS PADA MEDIA KULTUR

Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia ◽

10.36706/jari.v6i1.7152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 83-93

Author(s):

Mochamad Rendy Sety0 Budi ◽

Boedi Setya Rahardja ◽

Endang Dewi Masithah

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Living Things ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Environmental Component ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Bioremediation Agent

ABSTRACT Water is an important environmental component for life. Heavy metal water pollution comes from many industries. Heavy Metals Copper (Cu) is one of several other heavy metals that are harmful to living things. One way to anticipate the increased pollution of heavy metals Copper (Cu) in waters is bioremediation using microalgae. This study aims to determine the ability of Spirulina plantesis in absorbing heavy metals Copper (Cu) and to determine the influence of heavy metal Copper (Cu) on the growth of Spirulina platensis. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of four treatments and five replicates, namely A (S. platensis 0 ppm), B (S. platensis 1 ppm), C (S. platensis 3 ppm), D (S. Platensis 5 ppm). The results showed that Spirulina platensis was able to absorb heavy metal of Copper (Cu) so that it can be used as a heavy metal bioremediation agent. On treatment B (1 ppm) absorption of 87,719%, C (3 ppm) equal to 97,886% and D (5ppm) equal to 95,872 % Growth with the addition of Cu affects Spirulina platensis growthKeywords: Bioremediation, Spirulina platensis, Copper, Growth

Download Full-text

BIOREMEDIASI Pb OLEH BAKTERI INDIGEN LIMBAH CAIR AGAR

Jurnal Biosilampari Jurnal Biologi ◽

10.31540/biosilampari.v1i2.288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Senja Ikerismawati

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Research Design ◽

Bacillus Pumilus ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Indigenous Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Bacteria isolated from ad environment contaminated with heavy metals are very potential as heavy metal bioremediation agents called indigenous bacteria. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify indigenic bacteria that have the potential as Pb bioremediation agents in agar liquid waste and to analyze the ability of indigenic bacteria in reducing Pb. The research design used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) two factorial with variation of bacteria and eight days of treatment. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Duncan's advanced test. The results showed that there were eight isolates resulting from the isolation of agar liquid waste. The isolates of liquid waste indigen bacteria so that the most potential in reducing Pb were isolated H, E and F. The three isolates were able to reduce Pb in sterile agar liquid waste by 82.6%, 81.3% and 79.3% for eight days of treatment. The identification results using Microbact TM GNB 12A / B / E, 24 Identification Kits showed that H bacterial isolates were Bacillus alvei, E isolates were Bacillus pumilus species and F isolates were Bacillus lichenformis species

Download Full-text

Studi Perbandingan Kemampuan Nannochloropsis sp. Dan Spirulina sp. Sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Terhadap Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) [Comparative Study Of Ability Nannochloropsis sp. And Spirulina sp. As Agent Bioremediation Of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) ]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v5i2.11405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Khilyatun Nisak, Boedi Setya Rahardja, Endang Dewi Masithah

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Test Results ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Normality Test ◽

Toxic Material ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Active Cluster

Abstract Microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. can used as heavy metal biosorben because of it’s adsorption capability that caused by the active cluster which contained in that species (Sembiring et al., 2008). Chlorella sp. is one of phytoplankton species that has the bioaccumulation ability of heavy metals and easily cultivated (Arifin, 1997). Lead (Pb) is a mineral belonging to microelements, is a heavy metal and is a potentially toxic material. Water bodies that have been polluted by compounds or ions Pb because can lead to the death of aquatic biota, the number of Lead (Pb) present in water bodies exceeding the proper concentration (Palar, 2004). One way to anticipate the increasing heavy metal pollution in the water is to bioremediation. The research using experimentally, the research design used was completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with five replications. The concentrations of heavy metals Plumbum (Pb) used is 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm. The main parameters in this study is the ability of bioremediation Plumbum (Pb) by Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. SPSS analytics normality test results and test the ability of T 95% in Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. in absorbing heavy metals Plumbum (Pb) concentrations of 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm indicate that the data is normal and the results obtained were significantly different / significant. While the analysis of SPSS test T on heavy metal absorption capability comparison Plumbum (Pb) concentration of 0 ppm and 0.9 ppm by Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp. showed that the results were not significantly different / non significant. On average results obtained, Nannochloropsis sp. have a higher capacity than Chlorella sp. in the bioremediation process of heavy metals Plumbum (Pb).

Download Full-text

Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v1i1.4241 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Rahim Mohammadian ◽

Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽

Peyvand Samimifar

Keyword(s):

Mutual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Flower Number ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

Download Full-text