Effects of Methanolic Extract of Ginkgo biloba Leaf against Hypoxia-Induced Lethality in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parham Mortazavi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Circulatory Model ◽  
Sufficient Oxygen

Introduction: Hypoxia defines as a condition in which body tissues do not take sufficient oxygen supply. Chronic hypoxia has various medical consequences. Recently, the role of hypoxia in the progression of COVID-19 disease has been proven. Ginkgo biloba is a valuable plant from more than 2000 years ago. Ginkgo has antioxidant activity and exhibits good scavenging activity on the free radicals therefore, it is considered helpful in treating diseases associated with the generation of free radicals, including chronic inflammation, cerebral infarction, ischemic heart disease, and aging.Material and Methods: In this study, anti-hypoxic activities of G. biloba methanolic leaf extract have been determined against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice to understand its usefulness in treating ischemia.Results: The extract showed weak activity in asphyctic model. At 125 mg/kg, it significantly delayed the time of death compared to the control group (p<0.05) but did not show any activities in haemic or circulatory hypoxia tests even at a higher tested dose, 250 mg/kg. Although, at this dose, extract prolonged the survival time more than 1 minute in circulatory model, but this increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, results from this study showed that extract has weak anti-hypoxic effects in the treatment of hypoxia.  

scholarly journals Comparison of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Patients with Vitiligo and Healthy Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Agrawal ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
TK Dhali ◽  
SK Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Destruction Of Melanocytes ◽  
And Control

Background Vitiligo is a well-recognized pigmentary disorder of the skin and /or mucous membrane characterized by circumscribed ivory or chalky white macules devoid of identifiable melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is complex and still not well understood. According to autocytotoxic hypothesis, oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. The role of free radicals and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of vitiligo has been documented in recent studies.Objective To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo and of healthy controls by measuring levels of the oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes.Method A total of 80 clinically diagnosed cases of vitiligo and 80 control subjects were included in the study to assess the activity of MDA, vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and CAT in erythrocytes of patients and controls by using the spectrophotometric assay.Result There was statistically significant increase in the levels of MDA in patients with vitiligo compared to the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the levels of vitamin C (p=0.411) and vitamin E (p=0.771) between the patients with vitiligo and control group. The levels of CAT in the vitiligo patients were found to be significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.001).Conclusion Increased oxidative stress and decreased catalase have been observed in vitiligo patients and the data suggesting that the free radicals may be involved in the destruction of melanocytes or dysregulation of melanogenesis.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 132-136

scholarly journals A Combined Protective Dose of Angelica archangelica and Ginkgo biloba Restores Normal Functional Hemoglobin Derivative Levels in Rabbits after Oxidative Stress Induced by Gallium-68

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4804
Author(s):  
Bassem M. Raafat ◽  
Walaa F. Alsanie ◽  
Abdulellah Al Thobaity ◽  
Abdulhakeem S. Alamri ◽  
Basem H. Elesawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Angelica Archangelica ◽  
Hemoglobin Derivative

Oxidative stress is a physiological imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to detoxify these products. Oxidative stress induced by ionizing radiation is one of the late biological effects of radiation. The aim of this study was to assess the protective role of Angelica archangelica and Ginkgo biloba extracts, which are commonly used as antioxidants in counteracting effects related to functional and non-functional hemoglobin derivative concentrations, as well as the rate of hemoglobin autoxidation before exposing rabbits to ionizing radiation. The experimental design included four groups of rabbits: a control group that did not receive gallium or antioxidants; Group 1, which received 68Ga isotope as a source of ionizing radiation with no prior treatment; Groups 2 and 3, which received A. archangelica and G. biloba root powder water extracts, respectively, for seven days prior to irradiation; and Group 4, which received a combined dose of both antioxidants, A. archangelica and G. biloba, prior to irradiation, with the same dose, time, and duration as used in Groups 2 and 3. The results demonstrate that both antioxidants had the ability to counteract oxidative stress induced by ionizing radiation, as well as to reduce the hemoglobin autoxidation rate. A synergistic effect was revealed when using a combined dose of both antioxidants at the same concentrations, times, and durations. A lower rate of free radical formation was also recorded, reflected by a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity. The data here presented support the radioprotective role of both investigated antioxidants.

Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in indomethacin-induced gastric injury

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. G470-G475 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Vaananen ◽  
J. B. Meddings ◽  
J. L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
51Cr Edta

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of acute gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin (Indo) was investigated in rats. Gastric damage was assessed by blood-to-lumen leakage of 51Cr-EDTA, as well as by measuring the extent of macroscopically visible hemorrhagic lesions. The stomach was perfused with isotonic saline for 30 min, followed by Indo (10 mg/ml for 30 min) and HCl (100 mM for 60 min). Rats were given a continuous intravenous infusion of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase or the iron-chelating agent deferoxamine. Additional rats received an intravenous infusion of the vehicle (control group) or were pretreated with prostaglandin E2 (100 micrograms/kg ip) or allopurinol (50 mg/kg po). Exposure of the stomach to Indo caused a fourfold increase in 51Cr-EDTA leakage compared with that observed in rats receiving only the vehicle for Indo. Subsequent exposure of the stomach to HCl resulted in a further twofold increase in 51Cr-EDTA leakage. Treatment with SOD, catalase, or deferoxamine significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced 51Cr-EDTA leakage during the intragastric perfusion with Indo and during the subsequent exposure to HCl. Pretreatment with PGE2 reduced 51Cr-EDTA leakage during perfusion with HCl only. Pretreatment with allopurinol did not significantly affect 51Cr-EDTA leakage at any time during the experiment. In addition to reducing the leakage of 51Cr-EDTA into the gastric lumen, SOD, catalase, and PGE2 significantly reduced the extent of macroscopically visible mucosal damage (P less than 0.05). These results support the hypothesis that oxygen-derived free radicals, probably derived from neutrophils, contribute to the pathogenesis of Indo-induced ulceration.

scholarly journals DOSE-DEPENDENT PROTECTIVE FEATURES OF LOBOPHORA VARIEGATA METHANOLIC EXTRACT (LVME) IN N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
ADAIKKALAM AJITHA ◽  
PERUMAL SUBRAMANIAN
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Lobophora Variegata ◽  
Disease Marker

Objective: This study explores the anti-cancer property of Lobophora variegata, also an effective dose to treat hepatocarcinoma in Male Albino Wistar rats in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinoma paradigm and its possible mechanism of action. Methods: In this study, rats were segregated into five groups; group-1 (control), group-2 treated with 0.01% NDEA through drinking water for 15 w, group-3 NDEA+treated with Lobophora variegata methanolic extract (LVME) (100 mg/kg b.w.), group-4 NDEA+treated with (LVME) (200 mg/kg b.w.) and group-5 NDEA+treated with (LVME) (400 mg/kg b.w.). Results: After the experimental period, functional and morphological changes in the liver were observed both macro and microscopically, the activities of liver marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT) were analyzed. Administration of LVME as 200 mg/kg b.w. (to NDEA treated rats) significantly (i) reduced the preneoplastic lesions alleviated lipid peroxidation through scavenging free radicals, (ii) enhanced antioxidant status and reverted liver/disease marker enzymes plausibly by modulating xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) and by exhibiting antiproliferative and cytoprotective effects. Conclusion: LVME doses higher than 200 mg/kg b.w. are not effective in quenching the free radicals and restoring the liver functions as saturation level could have been reached; also, doses lower than 200 mg/kg b.w. could not be effective as they are below the optimum dose required to exhibit the pharmacological effects.

scholarly journals The effect of Ginkgo biloba and psycho-education on stress, anxiety and fatigue among refugees

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammad Alsmadi ◽  
Loai. Issa. Tawalbeh ◽  
Omar Salem Gammoh ◽  
Mohammad Qassem Shawagfeh ◽  
Waleed Zalloum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
War Survivors

Background: Refugees and war survivors are at higher risk of developing mental health disorders. Anxiety and stress are caused by many factors, including a stressful environment that could cause fatigue and low quality of life. Despite the existence of many synthetic anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, symptom management has still not been successful. Ginkgo biloba extract has been used as one of the potential herbal remedies to enhance cognitive functions. Psycho-education plays a significant role in alleviating psychological distress. However, the role of G. biloba in alleviating anxiety, stress and fatigue among refugees was not well studied previously. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of G. biloba and psycho-education with only psycho-education on refugees’ anxiety, stress and fatigue. Methods: A randomized controlled, pre-test–post-test design was used. Data were measured at baseline and 6 weeks later. Results: Providing psycho-education for the control group showed a non-significant improvement in outcome variables. However, adding G. biloba to psycho-education for the experimental group showed a significant reduction in mental, physical, activity fatigue and anxiety. Conclusion: The addition of G. biloba to the psycho-education proved superior to psycho-education alone. Therefore, combining the two approaches is beneficial in alleviating anxiety and fatigue.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

The Use of Posterior Pericardiotomy Technique to Prevent Postoperative Pericardial Effusion in Cardiac Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canturk Cakalagaoglu ◽  
Cengiz Koksal ◽  
Ayse Baysal ◽  
Gokhan Alici ◽  
Birol Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Pericardial Tamponade ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospital Stays

<p><b>Aim:</b> The goal was to determine the effectiveness of the posterior pericardiotomy technique in preventing the development of early and late pericardial effusions (PEs) and to determine the role of anxiety level for the detection of late pericardial tamponade (PT).</p><p><b>Materials and Methods:</b> We divided 100 patients randomly into 2 groups, the posterior pericardiotomy group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50). All patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), valvular heart surgery, or combined valvular and CABG surgeries were included. The posterior pericardiotomy technique was performed in the first group of 50 patients. Evaluations completed preoperatively, postoperatively on day 1, before discharge, and on postoperative days 5 and 30 included electrocardiographic study, chest radiography, echocardiographic study, and evaluation of the patient's anxiety level. Postoperative causes of morbidity and durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays were recorded.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The 2 groups were not significantly different with respect to demographic and operative data (<i>P</i> > .05). Echocardiography evaluations revealed no significant differences between the groups preoperatively; however, before discharge the control group had a significantly higher number of patients with moderate, large, and very large PEs compared with the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .01). There were 6 cases of late PT in the control group, whereas there were none in the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .05). Before discharge and on postoperative day 15, the patients in the pericardiotomy group showed significant improvement in anxiety levels (<i>P</i> = .03 and .004, respectively). No differences in postoperative complications were observed between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Pericardiotomy is a simple, safe, and effective method for reducing the incidence of PE and late PT after cardiac surgery. It also has the potential to provide a better quality of life.</p>

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Tephrosia purpurea extract on Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Reference to Biochemical Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Chandana Venkateswara Rao ◽  
Sadath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Ccl4 Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent

Tephrosia purpurea possesses hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the significant and dose dependent restoring the activities of entire liver cancer marker enzymes, diminution in tumor incidence, decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST) through scavenging of free radicals, or by enhancing the activity of antioxidant, which then detoxify free radicals. These factors protect cells from ROS damage in NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. Thus, present investigation suggested that the Tephrosia purpurea would exert a chemoprotective effect by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCl4. Besides Tephrosia purpurea is very much effective in preventing NDEA-induced multistage hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through antioxidant and antigenotoxic nature, which was confirmed by various liver injury and biochemical tumour markers enzymes. The hepatoprotective activity of aTephrosia purpurea of 50 % ethanolic extract was studied using rats. The animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200mg/kg body wt followed by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in a dose of 3 ml/kg body wt.Tephrosia purpureaextract dose dependently and significantly the increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels after NDEAand CCl4 treatment compared to the toxin control group. The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the Tephrosia purpurea extract against carbon tetrachlorideand N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Fumaria indica extract on Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Reference to Biochemical Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Chandana Venkateswara Rao2 ◽  
Sadath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Industrial Chemicals

Liver disease or liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Hepatitis viral infection, food additives, alcohol, fungal toxins (aflatoxins), toxic industrial chemicals, air and water pollutants are the major risk factors of liver cancer. Moreover, due to high tolerance of liver, HCC is seldom detected at an early stage and once detected treatment faces a poor prognosis in most cases.Fumaria indica possesses hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the significant and dose dependent restoring the activities of entire liver cancer marker enzymes, diminution in tumor incidence, decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST) through scavenging of free radicals, or by enhancing the activity of antioxidant, which then detoxify free radicals. These factors protect cells from ROS damage in NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. Thus, present investigation suggested that the Fumaria indica would exert a chemoprotective effect by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCl4. Besides Fumaria indicais very much effective in preventing NDEA-induced multistage hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through antioxidant and antigenotoxic nature, which was confirmed by various liver injury and biochemical tumour markers enzymes. The hepatoprotective activity of a Fumaria indicaof 50 % ethanolic extract was studied using rats. The animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200mg/kg body wt followed by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in a dose of 3 ml/kg body wt. Fumaria indica extract dose dependently and significantly the increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels after NDEAand CCl4 treatment compared to the toxin control group. The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the Fumaria indicaextract against carbon tetrachlorideand N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In addition to this, studies on molecular aspect of hepatoprotective therapy will give mechanistic information in hepatoprotective therapy and also critical balance should be there between the animal model and clinical research. The hepatoprotective properties of Fumaria indicashould provide useful information in the possible application in hepatic liver disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document