scholarly journals DOSE-DEPENDENT PROTECTIVE FEATURES OF LOBOPHORA VARIEGATA METHANOLIC EXTRACT (LVME) IN N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
ADAIKKALAM AJITHA ◽  
PERUMAL SUBRAMANIAN
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Lobophora Variegata ◽  
Disease Marker

Objective: This study explores the anti-cancer property of Lobophora variegata, also an effective dose to treat hepatocarcinoma in Male Albino Wistar rats in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinoma paradigm and its possible mechanism of action. Methods: In this study, rats were segregated into five groups; group-1 (control), group-2 treated with 0.01% NDEA through drinking water for 15 w, group-3 NDEA+treated with Lobophora variegata methanolic extract (LVME) (100 mg/kg b.w.), group-4 NDEA+treated with (LVME) (200 mg/kg b.w.) and group-5 NDEA+treated with (LVME) (400 mg/kg b.w.). Results: After the experimental period, functional and morphological changes in the liver were observed both macro and microscopically, the activities of liver marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT) were analyzed. Administration of LVME as 200 mg/kg b.w. (to NDEA treated rats) significantly (i) reduced the preneoplastic lesions alleviated lipid peroxidation through scavenging free radicals, (ii) enhanced antioxidant status and reverted liver/disease marker enzymes plausibly by modulating xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) and by exhibiting antiproliferative and cytoprotective effects. Conclusion: LVME doses higher than 200 mg/kg b.w. are not effective in quenching the free radicals and restoring the liver functions as saturation level could have been reached; also, doses lower than 200 mg/kg b.w. could not be effective as they are below the optimum dose required to exhibit the pharmacological effects.

Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Tephrosia purpurea extract on Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Reference to Biochemical Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Chandana Venkateswara Rao ◽  
Sadath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Ccl4 Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent

Tephrosia purpurea possesses hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the significant and dose dependent restoring the activities of entire liver cancer marker enzymes, diminution in tumor incidence, decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST) through scavenging of free radicals, or by enhancing the activity of antioxidant, which then detoxify free radicals. These factors protect cells from ROS damage in NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. Thus, present investigation suggested that the Tephrosia purpurea would exert a chemoprotective effect by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCl4. Besides Tephrosia purpurea is very much effective in preventing NDEA-induced multistage hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through antioxidant and antigenotoxic nature, which was confirmed by various liver injury and biochemical tumour markers enzymes. The hepatoprotective activity of aTephrosia purpurea of 50 % ethanolic extract was studied using rats. The animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200mg/kg body wt followed by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in a dose of 3 ml/kg body wt.Tephrosia purpureaextract dose dependently and significantly the increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels after NDEAand CCl4 treatment compared to the toxin control group. The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the Tephrosia purpurea extract against carbon tetrachlorideand N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of the Aerial Extract ofMonsonia angustifoliaE. Mey. ex. A. Rich in Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Jide Afolayan ◽  
Olubunmi Abosede Wintola ◽  
Gerda Fouche
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

The acute and subacute toxicity profile of the aerial extract ofMonsonia angustifoliain Wistar rats was evaluated. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 420 guideline was adopted in the acute toxicity testing with a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg (b.w.). For the 28-day daily oral dosing, the extract was administered at 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg b.w.; 1% ethanol in sterile distilled water was used as control. Clinical toxicity signs were subsequently evaluated. At a single dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. the extract elicited no treatment-related signs of toxicity in the animals during the 14 days of experimental period. In the subacute toxicity, there was no significant difference in hematological, renal, and liver function indices. However, dose-dependent significant increases were observed on the plasma concentrations of white blood cell and platelet counts of the treated animals compared to the control group. While cage observations revealed no treatment-facilitated signs of toxicity, histopathological examinations of the kidneys and liver also showed no obvious lesions and morphological changes. These results suggest that the extract may be labelled and classified as safe and practically nontoxic within the doses and period of investigation in this study.

Effects of Methanolic Extract of Ginkgo biloba Leaf against Hypoxia-Induced Lethality in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parham Mortazavi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Circulatory Model ◽  
Sufficient Oxygen

Introduction: Hypoxia defines as a condition in which body tissues do not take sufficient oxygen supply. Chronic hypoxia has various medical consequences. Recently, the role of hypoxia in the progression of COVID-19 disease has been proven. Ginkgo biloba is a valuable plant from more than 2000 years ago. Ginkgo has antioxidant activity and exhibits good scavenging activity on the free radicals therefore, it is considered helpful in treating diseases associated with the generation of free radicals, including chronic inflammation, cerebral infarction, ischemic heart disease, and aging.Material and Methods: In this study, anti-hypoxic activities of G. biloba methanolic leaf extract have been determined against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice to understand its usefulness in treating ischemia.Results: The extract showed weak activity in asphyctic model. At 125 mg/kg, it significantly delayed the time of death compared to the control group (p<0.05) but did not show any activities in haemic or circulatory hypoxia tests even at a higher tested dose, 250 mg/kg. Although, at this dose, extract prolonged the survival time more than 1 minute in circulatory model, but this increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, results from this study showed that extract has weak anti-hypoxic effects in the treatment of hypoxia.  

THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC ROLE OF p-MCA IN AVERTING NDEA INDUCED HEPATIC CARCINOGENESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Sriragavi Ravi ◽  
N. Nalini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3

OBJECTIVES: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer and second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the biochemical, histopathological and chemotherapeutic efcacy of p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) against N- nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approximately thirty male wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were designated for this study. The rats were arbitrarily separated into ve groups and each group comprised of six rats. Group 1 served as control; Group 2 rats received p-MCA at the dose of 80 mg/kg b.w. Group 3, 4 and 5 rats were induced HCC using NDEA. 2-acetylaminouorene (AAF) was used as a promotor. Group 4 and 5 rats received p-MCA at the doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w. throughout the 12 week experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, liver tissues from all the rats were collected and liver specic enzymes, lipid peroxidation, markers, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant status and brotic markers were evaluated.RESULTS: NDEA administration induced hepatocyte damage, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, inammation and brosis. The liver sections from NDEA induced group 3 rats showed loss of lobular architecture, morphological changes in the nuclei and DNA damage. Administration of p-MCA to NDEA treated rats restored the hepatic architecture, enzyme activities, cell proliferation, inammation and brosis.CONCLUSION: We conclude that oral administration of p-MCA for 12 weeks exerts a signicant therapeutic effect against HCC by regulating the concentration of specic hepatic and xenobiotic enzymes, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell proliferation and reducing the inammatory response.

Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Fumaria indica extract on Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Reference to Biochemical Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Chandana Venkateswara Rao2 ◽  
Sadath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Industrial Chemicals

Liver disease or liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Hepatitis viral infection, food additives, alcohol, fungal toxins (aflatoxins), toxic industrial chemicals, air and water pollutants are the major risk factors of liver cancer. Moreover, due to high tolerance of liver, HCC is seldom detected at an early stage and once detected treatment faces a poor prognosis in most cases.Fumaria indica possesses hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the significant and dose dependent restoring the activities of entire liver cancer marker enzymes, diminution in tumor incidence, decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST) through scavenging of free radicals, or by enhancing the activity of antioxidant, which then detoxify free radicals. These factors protect cells from ROS damage in NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. Thus, present investigation suggested that the Fumaria indica would exert a chemoprotective effect by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCl4. Besides Fumaria indicais very much effective in preventing NDEA-induced multistage hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through antioxidant and antigenotoxic nature, which was confirmed by various liver injury and biochemical tumour markers enzymes. The hepatoprotective activity of a Fumaria indicaof 50 % ethanolic extract was studied using rats. The animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200mg/kg body wt followed by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in a dose of 3 ml/kg body wt. Fumaria indica extract dose dependently and significantly the increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels after NDEAand CCl4 treatment compared to the toxin control group. The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the Fumaria indicaextract against carbon tetrachlorideand N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In addition to this, studies on molecular aspect of hepatoprotective therapy will give mechanistic information in hepatoprotective therapy and also critical balance should be there between the animal model and clinical research. The hepatoprotective properties of Fumaria indicashould provide useful information in the possible application in hepatic liver disease.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Semeleva E.V. ◽  
Blinova E.V. ◽  
Zaborovsky A.V. ◽  
Vasilkina O.V. ◽  
Shukurov A.S.
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acid Compound ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

The Preventive Effect of Fig Leaves’s (Ficus carica L.) towards Colon Histopathological Feature and IL-6 Serum Level on Ulcerative Colitis Induced Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartini Tiono
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Histopathological Feature ◽  
Group I ◽  
Control Group Group

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affects sigmoid colon and rectum. The inflammation process will activate NF-κB and leads to proinflamatory cytokine release such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Fig leaves contain a high level of flavonoid which can prevent NF-κB activation, and further inhibits IL-6 secretion. This research aims to see the preventive effect of methanolic extract of fig leaves towards colon histopathological feature and IL-6 serum level on ulcerative colitis induced mice. Balb/C male mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=5). The treatment groups were dextran suphate sodium (DSS) control group (group I), methanolic extract of Fig leaves dose 28 mg/ day control group (group II), and methanolic extract of Fig leaves dose 7 mg/ day (group III), 14 mg/ day (group IV), and 28 mg/ day (group V) for 14 days, which at the 8th till 14th day were given DSS to induce colitis. The results showed that both of colon mucosal damage and IL-6 serum level of group I were significantly different from other groups (p=0,029). In  conclusion, the methanolic extract of Fig leaves can improve colon mucous damage and decrease IL-6 serum level on ulcerative colitis-induced mice. Keywords: ulcerative colitis, fig leaves, colon mucousal damage, interleukin-6

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

Investigation of Oral Subacute Toxicity and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Standardized Methanolic Extract of Quercus serrata Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maibam Beebina Chanu ◽  
Biseshwori Thongam ◽  
Khumukcham Nongalleima ◽  
Hans Raj Bhat ◽  
Surajit Kumar Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Quercus Serrata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Toxicological Profile

Background: Quercus serrata Murray leaves have been used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes, dysmenorrhoea, inflammation and urinary tract infection. So, far no study had been reported on the toxicological profile and antioxidant properties of the plant. Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the in-vivo toxicological profile and in-vitro antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of standardized Quercus serrata leaves. Methods: Per-oral sub-acute toxicity study was performed in rats using three dose levels (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w.) of the extract for 28-days. Control group received gum acacia suspended in water. Bodyweight was measured weekly. Biochemical parameters were analysed using the serum, the blood-cell count was done using whole blood. Pathological changes were also checked in highly perfused tissues. Further, in-vitro reducing power assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, DPPH free-radical scavenging assay were performed to check the antioxidant activity of the extract. Results: There were no significant alterations in the blood-cell count and biochemical parameters analysed in the treatment group when compared with the normal control. Histopathology study of liver, kidney, pancreas, heart and brain revealed normal cellular architecture in the treatment groups alike the control group animals. Quercus serrata also showed a significant reduction of DPPH with IC50 4.48±0.254 µg/mL, in-vitro reducing power activity with IC50121.65±0.320 µg/mL and nitric oxide scavenging activity IC50 106.43±0.338 µg/mL. Conclusion: The above study showed that standardized methanolic extract of Quercus serrata leaves was safe after subacute oral administration in rats and has good antioxidant potential.

Effect of Chelated Mineral Mixture on Blood Biochemistry, Hormone and Mineral Status in Repeat Breeder Buffaloes in Tribal Areas of Dahod District in Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Joshi ◽  
D Patel ◽  
P D Patel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Repeat Breeder

An on-farm trial for 90 days was conducted at four tribal villages to assess the effect of chelated mineral mixture (CMM) supplementation on blood biochemistry as well as hormonal and mineral status, nutrient intake and reproductive performance of the repeat breeder buffaloes (n = 24). The animals selected were randomly divided into two groups of 12 animals each. The group T1 was control group (farmer’s feeding schedule), and T2 treatment group (T1 + CMM @ 50 g/animal/day). Blood collection was done at 0, 45 and 90 days of the experiment from both the groups for assessment of blood biochemical, hormonal and mineral status of the animals. Average DM, DCP and TDN intake in repeat breeder buffaloes calculated as per information collected from farmers were statistically similar among both the groups and were as per ICAR requirements of animals. Results revealed significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in hemoglobin, serum glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, progesterone, and macro (Ca, P)–micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn) mineral status of chelated mineral supplemented group as compared to control animals. The number of days taken for a successful conception in repeat breeder buffaloes as well as the cost of feeding was also reduced upon supplementation of CMM in T2 as compared to T1 group. The control group recorded a 22.12% higher cost of rearing than the treatment group during the experimental period. The findings revealed the beneficial role of cheated minerals supplementation in improving health, nutritional and reproductive status of repeat breeding buffaloes.

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