scholarly journals CINEMATOGRAPHY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE IDEOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF KEMALISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-653
Author(s):  
Rustam Izmaylov ◽  
Anastasia Blagoveshchenskaya ◽  
Nikita Kuvshinov ◽  
Inna Imamovna Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
National Education ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

Purpose: The article deals with the politics of the Kemalists in the Republic of Turkey in the 1920s - 1930s, as well as the ways of indoctrination of the main political principles of this ideology. During this period, Turkey, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, began radical changes affecting all spheres of society. Methodology: The research given is based on the principles of science, historicism, and impartiality; moreover, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systematic methods of historical research are used. Result: Having declared itself a secular state, focusing on the European level of development of those times, the Republican Turkey at the same time created its own system of national education, culture, language, ideology. This was facilitated by quite radical, largely authoritarian transformations. However, it is worth noting that the goal of the reforms was not widespread westernization of society, but the creation of a national Turkish state. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Cinematography as an element of the ideological system of Kemalism is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals LAICISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN THE 1920-1930S

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Rustam Izmaylov ◽  
Albina Imamutdinova ◽  
Marina Mefodeva
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Given ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk ◽  
Historical System

Purpose: The article deals with the Kemalists' policy of secularization and the inclusion of the laicism principle in the ideological doctrine of the Turkish Republic in the 1920-30s. Methodology: Historical-genetic, historical-comparative and historical-system methods of research were underlain the given study. Result: Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk great radical transformations in all spheres of life of the former Ottoman Empire began, namely the state system, the reform of the school and its separation from religion. All these transformations summed up the previous history of Turkey as a dependent, semi-colonial feudal state, clearing the way to modernization and renewal of all aspects of life. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Laicism in the Republic of Turkey in the 1920-1930s is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS BUDAYA (Presfektif Pemikiran H.A.R. Tilaar)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUNG KURNIAWAN DJIBRAN
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Interactive Process ◽  
National Education ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
Education Opportunity ◽  
Education Concept ◽  
Education Process

AbstractH.A.R. Tilaar emphasizes to the importance of education based on culture, because education is process of culture. Therefore, between the education and culture has been greatly relation, because the education is not able to be separated from culture that has reflected and grown up dynamically in Indonesian society.The purpose of this research is to determine how the education based on culture according to H.A.R. Tilaar’s perspective. The object of this research was H.A.R. Tilaar’s Perspective which concerns to the education based on culture.The approach of this research was literature review. The source of the data were a text book written by H.A.R. Tilaar and other literatures related to this research. The technique of analyzing data were the content analysis of the text book written by H.A.R. Tilaar and other literatures.The result of this research are : (a) H.A.R. Tilaar conceptualizes the education as an culturing processes; (b) the education process is an culturing process through the interactive process between teachers and students; (c) it is necessary to the Government of Indonesia to correct the National education concept by proposing several aspects such as ; (1) the basic value of education; (2) to notice the function of sociological education; (3) the relation between culture and education; (4) the education as The Agent ofChange, and (5) to get the equalization of education opportunity; and (d) to grow up the creative and adaptive thinking toward education phenomenawhich always move dynamically in the environment of the Indonesian community which has its complexity.Keyword: Education, Culture.

scholarly journals My Homeland: Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Secondary School Students' Opinions About Homeland

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Hakan DÜNDAR ◽  
Yasemin ERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
School Students ◽  
National Education ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Homeland is generally the land where one person was born and grew upand also it is a broad concept that includes language, history, culture and family ties as well as being the land that a nation freely lives on. Homeland is not only a physical space, but a strong association of cultures, arts assets, and language, religion and common past together. In this study, it was tried to determine the views of the middle school students living in the Kyrgyz Republic, whose mother or father is a Turkish citizen. This study was conducted with156 students studying in, the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Middle School and in Imam Hatip Secondary School. This school, which is connected to the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education and mostly chıldren contınued who are the citizens of the Republic of Turkey. In this descriptive survey model, the data were obtained from the open-ended questionnaire asked to the students. In the analysis of the data, content analysis was used. 109 students participated in the survey stated that they see Turkey as the homeland. Students were determined Kyrgyzstan and Russia as a country after Turkey. 4 themes and 9 sub-themes were formed in the direction of the students' thinking about the concept of “homeland”. In the research, each theme related to students 'responses was examined separately, and some students' thoughts were also included and interpreted.

scholarly journals Reflections of Policies Related to History Education and Culture during Atatürk's Period in Samsun Press

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Pelin İskender Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
History Education ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
National Education ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Turkish Language ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The cultures and civilizations having their roots in the past form the basis of states. The basis provided during the establishment of the Republic of Turkey has shown itself also in the process of creating a national identity. This also means returning to its historical past, revealing the main elements of its culture with social engineering and putting it into practice. In this period during which the understanding of national history was adopted, the Turkish Historical Society (TTK) and the Turkish Language Institute (TDK) were opened, Turkish History Congresses were organized, history departments of universities were established, and history teaching programs and books were reorganized at all levels of national education. This study focuses on the reflections on the policies related to culture, history and history education during Atatürk’s period in the Samsun press. In the article, Ahali Newspaper, which started its publication life in Samsun in 1917 and continued its existence in the first years of the Republic, has been examined. It has been recorded that many articles related to both education and teaching, and also history and history education reflecting and supporting the policies of the period were published in Ahali Newspaper between the dates of 1932 and 1938. Keywords: culture, history, history education, press, Ahali Newspaper, Samsun.

Kemal Atuturk in the art of republican Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Nikolay P. Goroshkov
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

The article analyzes how the personality of the first president of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, is reflected in contemporary Turkish art. This year marks exactly 140 years since his birth. To his achievements in the military and political arenas, cultural figures have dedicated many works in the visual arts, architecture, literature and cinema.  The trace of the first president of the Republic of Turkey remained in the works of both his contemporaries and in the works of authors today. Creativity is multifaceted, inspiration has no boundaries, along with them, culture was freed from prohibitions with the beginning of a new page in the history of the country. Her achievements became available to more people, the opportunity to touch the spiritual life and create it opened up along with the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Pasha to wide layers of the population. Immortal works have preserved for posterity the image of the father of the Turkish nation, and a characteristic feature of these works is the author's personal admiration for the deeds of Gazi. This undoubtedly leaves its mark on the work and the way in which a person is shown in the context of history, who took fate and the entire people into his own hands, mired in political, economic, cultural crises. But before giving an answer to the question "Who are you, Father of the Turks?", it is important, in our opinion, briefly to draw attention to the historical retrospective of the development of Turkish culture under the influence of the policy of two states that appeared, flourished and fell into decay on the peninsula of Asia Minor. The article briefly examines some of the features of the cultural policy of the last years of the Ottoman Empire and the first years of the republic.

Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (1881–1938)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikmet Kocamaner
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Penal Codes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

A military officer in the Ottoman army, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the leader of the Turkish national resistance movement and the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. After the Allies defeated the Ottoman Empire in World War I and started partitioning its territories, in 1919 he began to lead a national resistance movement in Anatolia. In 1920 he organized a provisional national assembly in Ankara, functioning independently from the Ottoman administration. Having successfully liberated Anatolia and eastern Thrace from foreign occupation as a result of the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), he founded the Republic of Turkey (1923), with himself elected by the assembly as its first president (1923–1938). He institutionalized political, economic, social, legal and educational reforms aimed at modernizing and secularizing Turkey and forging a new national identity. These included the abolishment of the caliphate (1924), the secularization and nationalization of education (1924), the adoption of new civil, commercial, and penal codes based on European models (1926), and the replacing of Arabic script with the Latin alphabet (1928). The principles of his reforms, commonly referred to as Kemalism, have defined the fundamental characteristics of the Republic throughout most of its history: republicanism, nationalism, populism, secularism, statism, and revolutionism.

THE RECASTING OF THE OTTOMAN PUBLIC DEBT AND THE ABOLITION OF THE CAPITULATIONS REGIME IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ACTION OF TURKEY LED BY MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi SIMONE
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
International Debt ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

The recast of the international debt contracted by the former Ottoman Empire and the overcoming of the capitulations regime that had afflicted Turkey for centuries, are two of the most relevant sectors in which the political and diplomatic action promoted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk has been expressed. Extremely relevant in this regard are the different disciplines established, respectively, by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 and then by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. After the Ottoman Government defaulted in 1875, an agreement (the Decree of Muharrem) was concluded in 1881 between the Ottoman Government and representatives of its foreign and domestic creditors for the resumption of payments on Ottoman bonds, and a European control of a part of the Imperial revenues was instituted through the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt. At the same time, the Ottoman Empire was burdened by capitulations, conferring rights and privileges in favour of their subjects resident or trading in the Ottoman lands, following the policy towards European States of the Byzantine Empire. According to these capitulations, traders entering the Ottoman Empire were exempt from local prosecution, local taxation, local conscription, and the searching of their domicile. The capitulations were initially made during the Ottoman Empire’s military dominance, to entice and encourage commercial exchanges with Western merchants. However, after dominance shifted to Europe, significant economic and political advantages were granted to the European Powers by the Ottoman Empire. Both regimes, substantially maintained by the Treaty of Sèvres, were considered unacceptable by the Nationalist Movement led by Mustafa Kemal and therefore became the subject of negotiations during the Conference of Lausanne. The definitive overcoming of both of them, therefore represents one of the most evident examples of the reacquisition of the full sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey.

FROM ATATURK TO ERDOĞAN: PATTERNS OF POWER TRANSIT IN TURKEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Sh.K. Yergobek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Orientation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

The article deals with the issues of power transit and transformation of political values in the Republic of Turkey. The founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, attached key importance to such phenomena as secularism, civil society, liberalization and modernization. However, the current development of political processes in Turkey causes some concern not only from the point of view of changing the form of government, but also from the point of view of transforming the value orientation of the state Prosecutor's office.

scholarly journals Reconstructing the past in a post-Ottoman village: Turkishness in a transnational context

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zadrożna
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
Identity Discourses ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
A Site ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

This study analyzes transformations of historiography and identity discourses by focusing on the Memory House of Ali Rıza Efendi (the father of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk) as a “site of historical consciousness” which was reconstructed in the western part of the Republic of Macedonia. The House, referred to by the villagers as the “Memory House of Atatürk,” was opened in 2014 in a Muslim village, Kocacık, with the support of the Turkish state. Through material and textual representations of Atatürk's life, the House speaks to the Turkishness and Turkish presence in the Balkans. The Turkishness, however, is imagined through the neo-Ottoman and Islamic prisms. The House thus becomes the locus of alternative interpretations of the past, and, consequently, narratives of Muslims’ identity and origin in the region. Moreover, as it is reconstructed at the nexus of the local and the transnational, the House is also called a symbol of the “politics of brotherhood” between Macedonia and Turkey. In this way, the institution embodies the reconstruction of the past not only at the local and national levels, but also at the international level.

scholarly journals “Democracy and National Unity Day” in Turkey: the invention of a new national holiday

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Nadav Solomonovich
Keyword(s):  
Military Coup ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Party Government ◽  
National Memory ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Abstract On the night of July 15, 2016, the Republic of Turkey experienced yet another military coup attempt. However, this attempt failed, mainly due to civilian protest and casualties. Their sacrifice, according to the Turkish state, led to the creation of a new national celebration in Turkey, the “Democracy and National Unity Day.” Following the growing interest of historians in the field of national celebrations, this paper examines the creation of this holiday. It argues that the AKP government used this new holiday to shape the Turkish collective national memory and to introduce a national celebration that does not revolve around the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who symbolizes the secular camp in Turkey, but rather around the Justice and Development Party government and its more traditional and religious ideology, in the guise of celebrating Turkish democracy.

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