scholarly journals LEXICAL MEANS OF VERBALIZATION OF THE ENGLISH CONCEPT HAIR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Mikava
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
English Language ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Facial Hair ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Somatic Feature ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the verbalization of the concept HAIR in the English language. The purpose of the work is to examine the structure of the English concept HAIR as a fragment of the English-language picture of the world of the English-speaking society. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the language embodiment of the given concept in the naïve and professional varients of the picture of the world. The English concept HAIR is a fragment of the conceptual picture of the world, which is reflected in the language picture of the world, namely in its three fragments, verbalized by the constituents of the lexical-semantic groups, distinguished according to the somatic feature. They are head hair, facial hair, body hair. The analysis of the language and speech material showed that the structure of the English concept HAIR in the naive picture of the world is a three-component formation, which consists of a core, a nuclear zone and a periphery. The core includes such conceptual features as somatic and gender. The nuclear zone includes objective and various associative conceptual features, namely: age, thinness, protection, beauty, strength / success, value. The periphery of the concept consists of socially-identifying functions - professional, religious and social-group. The core of the concept HAIR in the professional picture of the world includes such conceptual features as somatic, gender, structure and development. The nuclear zone includes objective conceptual features, namely: health, age, protection. The periphery of the concept consists of professional, religious, and social-group social-identifying functions. Thus the periphery of the given concept in the two variants of the picture of the world is identical. The prospects for further research are seen in the consideration of the mentioned aspects of verbalization on the material of English artistic speech as well as professional discourse.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE HISTORICAL DISCUSSION AND FORMATION OF GROUPS OF ENGLISH COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Iryna Zvarych
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Language History ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Right

The languages history development is a continuous, long and creative process, without sharp jumps or rapid transformations. Usually, a long period of the language development is divided into short parts of history periods, because in the study process of any language history, it is impossible to do without a such division. The periodization, which is offered by linguists, may seem artificial. And it’s quite obvious, because every period of language history development has its special qualitative features, usually the structure, which gives the right to explore a certain period of its historical development. Nowadays, the English language is taught in many countries of the world, as at the secondary school and also at Higher Learning Institutions, it has a priority in modern business relations. English is the international language today, it’s the most widespread in the world, it’s the native language for more than 400 million people and it’s the second language for 300 million. English is the language of commerce and business. English has a very important place as the language of diplomacy, trade and business in many countries. It’s the language of science and technology. Today all instructions and applications for new gadgets are written in English. Scientific reports, articles, reports are published in English. Moreover 90% of Internet resources are English-speaking. The vast majority of information in all spheres – science, sports, news, entertainment - is published in English. It’s the language of youth culture. There are a lot of American actors, actresses, musicians are still very popular today. The English language has one of the richest vocabulary stocks in the world with simple grammar. The words themselves are drawn to each other, forming concise and understandable sentences. This article deals with the patterns of the English language development in the historical and socio-cultural context, the improved approach to groups formation of the English-speaking countries.

scholarly journals From a dictionary to an atlas: segmental mapping of the linguistic picture of the world

2014 ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
S. N. Gagarin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
English Language ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
New Type ◽  
Over Time

'At the heart of any language lies a vision. It embraces the world around us in myriads of complex ways. It is the lifeblood of every people's identity. It is so essential and indispensable that few assets of humankind can rival it for value or timelessness. It is known as the linguistic picture of the world, and it is notorious for being among the knottiest study subjects of language science. No coherent methodology has been proposed to date as to how it should be consistently structured to result in a systemic and navigable map of its core words and concepts. This constitutes a conspicuous gap in contemporary linguistics, which the present article addresses from the perspective of cognitive lexicology and lexicography while engaging the linguistic picture of the world on a segment-by-segment basis. In keeping with the aforesaid approach, one segment at a time is selected, and the discourse that reflects it is analysed with a view to identifying transcendental notions contained therein. The latter are construed as a type of cognitive concepts which epitomise the core ideas inherent in a particular type of spoken or written discourse. Being verbalised by means of relevant verbal fields, these transcendental notions permeate the cognitive and textual fabric of the selected segment of a linguistic picture of the world. By way of demonstrating the feasibility of this approach, a new type of dictionary has been compiled by the author, which captures and reveals in a semantically structured way the verbal side of the transcendental notion "countering" in the socio-political discourse of English-language media. Along with other transcendental notions, such as "facilitation", "communication", "attitude", etc., it is viewed as part of a range of the cognitive pillars which are essential to a limited segment of a linguistic picture of the world, but are by no means reserved to it, stretching far beyond and reaching throughout the vision of the world enshrined in the English language. The present article asserts and demonstrates by example that by creating the described type of dictionaries a basis can be laid for engaging the broader linguistic picture of the world in a whole new way, as their structure enables the drawing of clear semantic boundaries between and within the verbal fields of major concepts. These, in turn, can be used for creating maps, or rather atlases, initially of the smaller segments of linguistic pictures of the world, which may over time, and with enough methodological evolution, transform into larger-scale projects covering different languages, which arguably contains a hitherto unexplored potential for comparing them at a new systemic level, that of the structure and internal semantic delimitation of linguistic pictures of the world.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTS SAFETY/SECURITY AND ITS REPRESENTATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Yasnohurska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
American Heritage Dictionary ◽  
Is Security ◽  
The World ◽  
American Heritage ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
International Dictionary

The article is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the lexical verbalization of the concepts SAFETY/SECURITY in the Eng­lish language worldview on the basis of the comparative analysis of their components, including the basic elements and their de­rivatives. The author supposes that the scope of the concepts SAFETY/SECURITY in the English language worldview is based on the general meaning “protection, protection from risks, threats or lack of them”. It is security that is the cornerstone that ensures the stable functioning of a human in society and society itself as a whole. In this regard, the problem of perception and understanding of SAFETY/SECURITY concept is becoming especially relevant in today’s society. This article examines the implementation of the SAFETY/SECURITY concept in the English language picture of the world. The purpose of this study is to set the boundaries of the SAFETY/SECURITY concept in English on the basis of a study of the categorical definitions related to safety / security that make up the core of the concept and their derivatives. The following dictionaries were used for the study: The MacMillan English Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.

Frequency of Biblcal and Koranic Expressions Related to the Love Concept in the Modern English Language Internet

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
T. Poletaeva
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
English Language ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Western World ◽  
A Value ◽  
Culture Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is a comparative analysis of the frequency of biblical and Quranic expressions related to the LOVE concept in the modern English-language Internet. The aim of the investigation firstly is to find out to what extent the religious foundations of culture influence on such a value dominant as the concept of LOVE, secondly, to find out the influence of secularization of the English-speaking society and spreading of Islam in the Western world on the conceptual dimension of the LOVE concept. As a research method it is used a search of biblical and Quranic expressions associated with the LOVE concept in the modern English-language Internet in the form of quotations from the Holy Scriptures and the Quran. An application area of the results of the investigation is situated at the turn of applied linguistics in the sphere of culture and comparative religious studies. The comparison of the indicated frequency and meanings of the LOVE concept in biblical and Quranic expressions allows to conclude that this concept in the linguistic picture of the world of our English speaking contemporaries remains Christian in its essence. Islam does not influence at all on the understanding of this life-setting value concept in the English-language picture of the world.

The Five-Point Indian: Caste, Masculinity, and English Language in the Paratexts of Chetan Bhagat

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Rao
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Television News ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Literary Celebrity ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Authorial Persona

This article examines the literary celebrity of Indian author Chetan Bhagat and his paratextual articulations in India’s English-language media. It seeks to deconstruct the role of these paratexts in occluding how upper-caste masculinity operates as the normative script in mainstream media discourse. Critically examining Bhagat’s utterances in English-language television news, print newspapers, and social media, I argue that the paratexts enable his authorial persona to be continually constructed in ways that consolidate his caste-patriarchal authority. In the process, these paratexts valorize neoliberal entrepreneurship and narratives of ascent, rendering existing caste hegemonies in India invisible. Bhagat’s use of English also reflects the complex politics of the English language in colonial history, where upper-caste men in service of the empire utilized the linguistic hegemony of English to consolidate their patriarchal and caste dominance. However, I suggest that pockets of awareness operate among Bhagat’s readers and audiences, where subaltern groups have strategically negotiated using this upper-caste masculinized English to forge their own social mobility and empowerment. Bhagat’s performance of celebrity has to thus be seen as being enacted within a complex English-speaking milieu, which is rife with caste and gender power struggles.

The Naturalistic Fallacy and the Question of the Existence of God

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
J. Brenton Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
No Value ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Reason ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Given

One of the widely held philosophical doctrines of this century in the English speaking world is that there is no logical bridge between fact and value, between the ‘is’ and the ‘ought’. Human nature may be such that all or most of us approve common states of affairs. That is, there seem to be experiential or psychological ways of bridging the gap. But, on this view, no value judgment is ever inconsistent with any description of the world or of part of the world. Describe the world as you will, there is no logical reason to move on to any specific value judgment about the event or events under the given description.

scholarly journals Gender Markers in the English Picture of the World

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Iryna HUMENIUK
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking

Gender is determined as an ideological frame that assembles the idea of what it means to be a man or a woman in a certain culture, a non-linguistic category with linguistic ways of actualization. The article substantiates the key theoretical problems concerning gender-marking based on English phraseology and their influence on the formation of the gender picture of the world. The objective of the current paper is to analyze gender-marked phraseological units of the English language, which are the basic matrices of the phraseological picture of the world of a given cultural community, and to identify the frequency and impact of gender stereotypes on the development of the national picture of the English-speaking community, such as word, phraseology, paremia, text, which contain background knowledge and ways to reflect these meanings in the national picture of the world. The paper’s main conclusion is that the semantic basis of gender markers on the material of English phraseological units predominantly consists of stereotypical-associative units, which are perceived as social activity and characteristics of the images of both sexes with certain asymmetry for male denotata. The connotations of words can illustrate this inequality and the double standards between men and women.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONS OF THE PRAGMATIC MARKER LIKE IN ENGLISH AND HOW MACEDONIAN LEARNERS VIEW IT

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1627-1632
Author(s):  
Marija Kusevska ◽  
Biljana Ivanovska
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interlanguage Pragmatics ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
New Research

The study presented in this paper is a part of the research project “Developing cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics research and its practical implications” currently being implemented at Goce Delchev University in Shtip, Republic of North Macedonia. This project was partly motivated by the small number of studies in Macedonia on interlanguage pragmatics as well as by the growing need for development of new research methods. In compliance with the above, the objectives of thе project are as follows: 1. increase of the pool of cross-cultural, intercultural, and interlanguage pragmatics studies; 2. development of modern methods for data collection and analysis; and 3. linking empirical research with educational and communication needs in the society. This paper in particular investigates the use of the pragmatic marker like by Macedonian learners of English. Two research questions have been posed: 1. What functions do MLE of English associate with like? and 2. How do they view speakers who use it? The standard for comparison for the first question is the native speakers’ usage of like as described in other studies. The second question was answered on the basis of an attitudinal questionnaire. The attitudinal questionnaire asked the participants to express their perception of like with respect to the age and gender of the speakers, formality of the situation, grammaticality, acceptability, distractiveness, and politeness of the utterances. They also rated users for fluency and their level of English. The participants were also asked to explain if they use like in a similar way and for what purposes as well as how they learned it. The attitudinal survey was adapted from Dailey-O'Cain (2000). The examples, however, are from my data. The participants of this study were 40 students of English enrolled at the Department of English language at Goce Delchev University, Shtip, age 19 to 25. Most of them were at B2, C1 or C2 level of English. All participants learned English for at least five years in primary school and four years at high school, which means they had English as a subject up to their graduation from high school. Very few of the students had been to an English speaking country. The findings of this investigation show that the pragmatic marker like is salient for the learners and that they use it in a similar way as native speakers. However, it is stigmatized and most learners view it negatively. Additionally, other factors that influence its usage were identified. Further research may investigate whether the use of like is influenced by the proficiency levels of English and whether a longer stay in an English speaking country influences the use of like. It would be also useful to investigate other pragmatic markers and see how they are used in learner English.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC SITUATION AS THE DEVELOPMENT FACTOR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEXICOGRAPHY IN INDIA: THE BRITISH RAJ PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Bytko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
European Language ◽  
Quantitative Parameter ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Given

The given paper features the second part of the extended research focused on the investigation of the linguistic situation as a development factor of the English language lexicography in India. Thus, in this article the main parameters of the linguistic situation during the British Raj period, with English being the case study, are scanned. The diachronic approach used towards the analysis of the linguistic situation constituencies elicits certain stability of quantitative, qualitative and evaluative parameters as regards local languages in India and the pivotal changes as regards English. The English language quantitative parameter mirrors the fluctuation in demographic rate, national identity and professional occupancy of English speaking population in India during the Raj period. The qualitative parameter of linguistic situation being enriched by another Indo-European language, maintains its multilingual, heterogeneous and unbalanced features. The English language evaluative parameter reveals the main stages of the colonial language incorporation into the linguistic situation in the country. English in India goes through the perception as the language of traders and missionaries into its adoption as а means of education obtainment, social stability access and interaction mechanisms both with foreigners and citizenry of other multilingual country regions. Such position of English in colonial India prompts the alteration of its functional characteristics with political, pedagogical and lingua franca functions being the most essential. Their actualization is only feasible due to the flourish of lexicographic practice in colonial India. Thus, the English language serves the base for a number of glossaries, bilingual and explanatory dictionaries describing various lexical layers of English in India.

scholarly journals COMPLEX CONCEPT WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH AS A FRAGMENT OF THE NAIVE PICTURE OF THE WORLD (based on explanatory and phraseological dictionaries of the English language)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Smaglii
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
English Language ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking

The article is dedicated to the study of the complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH in the naïve picture of the world within a framework of a new scientific direction – dual linguistics: scientific and naive interpretation of language in the English lexicography. The complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which is verbalized by nominative units extracted from English general lexicographic sources, is considered. The nuclear zone of the naïve picture of the world counts three lexemes (which together contain 42 sememes), among which 161 semes have been filtered by means of seme analysis method. The most common semanteme, present in all nuclear lexemes, is the idea of the bilateral nature of any communicative unit. All of the nuclear zone lexemes in the primary dictionary position contain the seme, which emphasizes the unity of content and form of the phenomena under consideration. The medial zone of the nominative field of the verbalized WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH complex concept is many times bigger and more variable in comparison with the nuclear zone. It includes more than 700 lexical units with semantic components language, speech, communication. According to the thematic principle, the collected material was divided into 6 sectors: communication; units of language, speech; discourse, text; phonetical, grammatical and stylistic phenomena; language / dialect / slang, speaker; linguistics. Our analysis showed, that the peripheral zone of the nominative field of the complex WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH concept in the naive picture of the world is verbalized by phraseological units of the English language: idioms, paremias and proverbs (a total of more than 800 dictionary articles). They highlight different ethical and linguocultural stereotypes of the English-speaking ethnic group.

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