scholarly journals The Historical Meaning of the Molasses Act 1733 in the Political and Economic Life of Virginia in the XVIII Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Egor P. Makarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
British Government ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Legal Forms

The article is devoted to the study of the Molasses Act, adopted by the British government in 1733. Analysis of the political and economic context of the adoption of this normative act makes it possible to study the features of the formation and development of the economy of the American colonies of Great Britain. Historical example of Virginia in the middle of the 18th century helps in studying the characteristics of the region and examining the practice of enforcement of British law in the colonies. The study of historical events related to the reaction of the American colonial community to the adoption of the designated law allows us to detail the organizational and legal forms of British government policy at the local level. This issue is also important from the point of view of studying the growth of radical sentiments in the colonies, strengthening the tendencies of separatism and joining the struggle for independence.

Poor relief systems in rural Italy: the territory of the diocese of Tortona in the eighteenth century

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-239
Author(s):  
LUCIANO MAFFI ◽  
MARCO ROCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Formal Support ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Grain Stores

AbstractThis article studies the development of poor relief in the rural areas of the diocese of Tortona in the eighteenth century, through the analysis of the parish reports written for the pastoral visits of bishops Giulio Resta and Giuseppe Lodovico Andujar in 1741 and 1743. The reports record the most important assistance activities organised by different social actors: dowries for poor girls; bread, money and clothing to distribute to the poor; but also formal support in the form of hospitals providing shelter and care for pilgrims and the sick; the monti di pietà, which loaned money and the grain stores, which provided essential loans of grain. The diocese of Tortona in the eighteenth century represents a privileged point of view for understanding how the development of poor relief in the ancien régime was influenced by the political and institutional, geographical, landowning and socio-ecomomic context. Here, a complex institutional situation, combined with a diverse geographical and socio-economic context, gave rise to a variety of poor relief systems.

Discording Enlightenment on China

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Selusi Ambrogio ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Education ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Pierre Bayle

It is usually acknowledged that the core contribution of the Enlightenment is primarily twofold: the first being the introduction of reason and science as judgmental principles, and the second being the belief in the future progress of humankind as a shared destiny for humanity. This ‘modern’ reason—an exclusively human prerogative among creatures—could be applied to create a better society from the political, civil, educational, scientific, and religious points of view. What is usually less known is that for most of the Enlightenment thinkers, this philosophical and cultural step was the prerogative of European or Western-educated thinkers, which implied a gradual exclusion of extra-European civilizations from human progress as a natural phenomenon. Thus, with the exception of a few French libertines, the creation of a better society was due to reason and critical thinking absent in other civilizations, who could, at most, inherit this ‘rational power’ from Western education. This exclusion, which is usually attributed to the violence of the colonialist period, is already implied in the arguments of several Enlightenment thinkers. Our investigation will follow three steps: an exposition of the three Western historical paradigms in which Eastern civilizations were inserted between the 17th and 18th century; a comparison between the attitude toward China and Buddhism of two very distant philosophers of the Enlightenment—i.e. Pierre Bayle (1647–1706) and Johann Jacob Brucker (1696–1770)—and a brief reflection on the Enlightenment from an ‘external/exotic’ point of view that will suggest the necessity of a ‘new skeptical Enlightenment’ for inducing actual intercultural dialogue.

scholarly journals The Political and Economic Role of Turgot Ozal in the History of Modern Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Amanj Hasan Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Modern Turkey

It has been argued that the experiences of governance in countries, have been proven that the leaders have a visible and effective role on different dimension (political, economic, military ... ) which they have the ability to direct historical events positively or direct to destroy and unstable situations.In the early eighty century, the modern Turkish Republic (TurkodOzal) who held the highest government posts in the country, a technocrat who was able to make the biggest political and economic change in Turkey. In addition, he has remarked to move the Turkish economy towards a bright future by his ideas and observation. In term of the political situation, he could develop the Turkish foreign relations with the East and West, also he had friendly attitudes with regards to the Kurdish nations. Beside this, (TurkodOzal) is the second founder of the Turkish state from the point of view of Turkish society, those are the reasons to do research about (TurkodOzal). .This research based on historical scientific specialization, methodology and descriptive analysis method has been used to do the research, and we tried as much as possible to be objective with the academic sources used.The research structure has been divided into three chapters, those included some parts, the first chapter is about, personality education and end of TurkutOzal. The second chapter, it has been discussed the political and economic life of him in two parts. The third and final chapter which introduce to two parts , In the first we discussed the Ozal attitude about the Kurds. In the second part which shows the international Turkish relationship, and his personal relations with America and its impact on the development relationship between USA and TurkesinceOzal in power.In conclusion, we have to say that this research is acceptable and that it is free of defects any other research, and where it cannot be upgraded to perfection.

scholarly journals Ecología política del sufrimiento por desechos radiactivos: estudio de caso en Temascalapa, México

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
Oscar Adán Castillo Oropeza ◽  
Edgar Delgado Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Global And Local

En este artículo se analiza, desde la ecología política del sufrimiento por desechos radiactivos, el caso del Centro de Almacenamiento de Desechos Radiactivos (CADER) ubicado en el municipio de Temascalapa, estado de México, México. En un escenario de supuesta transición energética a escala global y local, las relaciones de poder político-económicas determinan la producción y disposición final de los desechos radiactivos en este lugar. Se analizan las experiencias de sufrimiento ambiental de los sujetos que habitan cerca del CADER, los cuales padecen la incertidumbre, la espera, el engaño y el abandono por parte del Estado, así como las acciones políticas que han realizado en defensa de su territorio y de la vida en general. El trabajo de campo en las comunidades contiguas al CADER tuvo una duración de cuatro meses. Se realizaron observaciones de campo, fotografías, entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave, análisis de documentos y datos oficiales, notas de periódico y sistemas de información geográfica.   Abstract This article analyzes, from the point of view of the political ecology of suffering from radioactive waste, the case of the Radioactive Waste Storage Center (CADER) located in the municipality of Temascalapa, State of Mexico, Mexico. In a scenario of supposed energy transition at a global and local level, the political-economic power relations determine the production and final disposal of radioactive waste in this place. The experiences of environmental suffering of the subjects who live near the CADER, who suffer from uncertainty, waiting, deception and abandonment by the State are analyzed, as well as the political actions they have taken to defend their territory and life in general. The fieldwork in the communities adjacent to CADER, with a duration of 4 months, included observations, photographs, semi-structured interviews with key informants, analysis of official documents and data, newspaper notes, and geographic information systems.

scholarly journals Towards a New Paradigm in Water Management: Cochabamba’s Water Agenda from an Ethical Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Bellaubi ◽  
Rocío Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Water Policies ◽  
Theoretic Point

Through the process of paradigm change (water as a resource towards water as a common), the authors examine, from a theoretic point of view, the water governability proposed by Agenda del Agua Cochabamba (AdA) – Cochabamba Water Agenda – in the Cochabamba Valley (Bolivia), identifying barriers and drivers to the process that could take place. The rise of Evo Morales in Government in 2006 suggested that policy making would somehow take a fundamental turn resulting in more poor environmental-oriented water policies. However, if that was indeed the case, the implementation of these policies remain controversial as strong power asymmetries still exist at a local level that interfere with national policies shaping the political area. The Cochabamba Water Agenda echoes this debate on the political arena and contributes a politically contested water management through a paradigm change envisaging the difficulties through its implementation. The question remains if this “political” solution to paradigm change in water management may reduce water conflicts.

Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

Palestinian Diaspora Communities in Latin America and Palestinian Statehood

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Yousef M. Aljamal ◽  
Philipp O. Amour
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Right

There are some 700,000 Latin Americans of Palestinian origin, living in fourteen countries of South America. In particular, Palestinian diaspora communities have a considerable presence in Chile, Honduras, and El Salvador. Many members of these communities belong to the professional middle classes, a situation which enables them to play a prominent role in the political and economic life of their countries. The article explores the evolving attitudes of Latin American Palestinians towards the issue of Palestinian statehood. It shows the growing involvement of these communities in Palestinian affairs and their contribution in recent years towards the wide recognition of Palestinian rights — including the right to self-determination and statehood — in Latin America. But the political views of members of these communities also differ considerably about the form and substance of a Palestinian statehood and on the issue of a two-states versus one-state solution.

THE GENESIS OF CONSERVATIVE IDEOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS IN THE POLITICAL REFORM OF MODERN COUNTRIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA AND FRANCE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
MARIETA EPREMYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Reform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Conservative Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Conservatism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article examines the epistemological roots of conservative ideology, development trends and further prospects in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in other countries. The author focuses on the “world” and Russian conservatism. In the course of the study, the author illustrates what opportunities and limitations a conservative ideology can have in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in the world. In conclusion, it is concluded that the prospect of a conservative trend in the world is wide enough. To avoid immigration and to control the development of technology in society, it is necessary to adhere to a conservative policy. Conservatism is a consolidating ideology. It is no coincidence that the author cites as an example the understanding of conservative ideology by the French due to the fact that Russia has its own vision of the ideology of conservatism. If we say that conservatism seeks to preserve something and respects tradition, we must bear in mind that traditions in different societies, which form some kind of moral imperatives, cannot be a single phenomenon due to different historical destinies and differing religious views. Considered from the point of view of religion, Muslim and Christian conservatism will be somewhat confrontational on some issues. The purpose of the work was to consider issues related to the role, evolution and prospects of conservative ideology in the political reform of modern countries. The author focuses on Russia and France. To achieve this goal, the method of in-depth interviews with experts on how they understand conservatism was chosen. Already today, conservatism is quite diverse. It is quite possible that in the future it will transform even more and acquire new reflections.

Rediscovering Blackstone: wpływ Williama Blackstone’a na rozwój amerykańskiej nauki prawa w recepcji Alberta W. Alschulera

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Edyta Sokalska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
American Law ◽  
The Common

The reception of common law in the United States was stimulated by a very popular and influential treatise Commentaries on the Laws of England by Sir William Blackstone, published in the late 18th century. The work of Blackstone strengthened the continued reception of the common law from the American colonies into the constituent states. Because of the large measure of sovereignty of the states, common law had not exactly developed in the same way in every state. Despite the fact that a single common law was originally exported from England to America, a great variety of factors had led to the development of different common law rules in different states. Albert W. Alschuler from University of Chicago Law School is one of the contemporary American professors of law. The part of his works can be assumed as academic historical-legal narrations, especially those concerning Blackstone: Rediscovering Blackstone and Sir William Blackstone and the Shaping of American Law. Alschuler argues that Blackstone’s Commentaries inspired the evolution of American and British law. He introduces not only the profile of William Blackstone, but also examines to which extent the concepts of Blackstone have become the basis for the development of the American legal thought.

The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Screen Bureaucrat

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Vache Gabrielyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Cinema

The depiction of bureaucrats in Soviet cinema echoes the development in the political and economic life the country: it mirrors peoples’ attitudes towards the authorities, towards civic rights and freedoms, changing values and ideas

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