scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF SELECTION AND SEED GROWING OF VEGETABLE ROOT PLANTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Fedorova ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
V. А. Stepanov ◽  
S. A. Vetrova ◽  
V. A. Zayachkovskyi ◽  
...  

Vegetable root plants is a valuable, essential components of a balanced diet person. The basis of the modern methodology of breeding work on root crops is to meet the requirements of the market, so the breeders are faced with the task of creating varieties and hybrids of root crops with an attractive appearance and a sufficiently high nutritional value, suitable for new technologies of cultivation and processing. The regular meeting of the methodical Commission of the edible plants in the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in the framework of the international scientific-practical conference "Methodology of selection and seed growing of vegetable root plants." The conference was attended by scientists, breeders, seed growers, experts from Russia and CIS countries. The participants of the conference exchanged information on the achievements, development and application of various methodological approaches in the selection and seed production of vegetable root plants, contributing to the creation and introduction of domestic competitive varieties and hybrids, which will solve the problem of import substitution. The need to create a new source material on the basis of the collections of recent years for breeding on technology, alignment of the external parameters of varieties and hybrids of all vegetable root plants, as well as to improve the methods of seed production, especially for the reproduction of seeds of higher categories and lines of hybrids. The changed scientific and technological conditions of conducting the selection and seed-growing process require improving the efficiency of breeding development, the complexity of selection and genetic research, the use of biotechnological methods, MAS technologies, phytotrons, greenhouses and other facilities to accelerate the selection process.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A  Khovrin ◽  
M  Ibragimbekov ◽  
R  Bagrov

Даны результаты оригинального первичного семеноводства корнеплодных культур в изоляторах в селекционно-семеноводческом центре агрохолдинга «Поиск» (Раменский район Московской области). Описаны технологические особенности процесса семеноводства, представлен видовой состав болезней и вредителей семенных растений в условиях исследований.The results of the original primary seed growing of root crops in cells at breeding and seed production centre of Poisk Agro Holding (Ramensky district, Moscow region) are given. Technological peculiarities of the process of seed production, species composition of pests and diseases of seed plants in terms of research are presented.


2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
М.А. Косенко ◽  
Л.Н. Тимакова

Сорта редьки в России представлены тремя географическими группами – европейской, китайской и японской. Основа современной методологии селекционной работы по корнеплодным культурам – создание сортопопуляций и гибридов корнеплодов с привлекательным внешним видом и достаточно высокой питательной ценностью, пригодных для новых технологий выращивания и переработки с целью удовлетворения требований рынка. На период 2020 года в Госреестр включено 96 сортов, из которых 22 – редька зимняя, 8 – редька летняя, и 1 гибрид F1, 25 – лоба и 2 гибрида F1, дайкон – 28, и 10 гибридов. В ассортиментной структуре рынка овощной продукции столовые корнеплоды занимают 24%, из которых наиболее востребованы как в производстве, так и в личных подсобных хозяйствах свекла и морковь столовая (занимают около 120 тыс. га посевных площадей), а также редис, репа, пастернак, редька, брюква, дайкон и т.д., выращиваемые на меньших площадях, в личных подсобных хозяйствах, но их роль в рациональном и полезном питании человека очень важна. Цель исследований – оценить коллекционный материал редьки китайской (лоба), редьки японской (дайкон), и редьки европейской по хозяйственно ценным признакам (форма, окраска и масса товарного корнеплода,) для использования в селекционном процессе по созданию новых сортов и гибридов. Объектом исследований служили 15 сортообразцов редьки, в том числе 6 сортов редьки китайской (лоба), 4 сортов редьки японской (дайкон), 5 сортов редьки европейской отечественной селекции. 3 сорта, полученные в Агрохолдинге «Поиск». По интенсивности окраски листа отмечено, что 66,7% сортов имели зеленую, 26,7% темно-зеленую и у 6,6 % – светло-зеленую окраску листа. С темной окраской выделились сорта: редьки китайской Маргеланская и Мисато пинк, редьки японской Алмаз, редьки европейской Ночка. Общая урожайность сортов изменялась от 25,4 (Барыня) до 87,7 т/га (Миноваси). Уровень товарности варьировал от 88,1 до 97,5%. Наибольший показатель был отмечен у сорта Мисато пинк. Cultivars of radish in Russia are represented by three geographical groups – European, Chinese and Japanese. The basis of the modern methodology of breeding work on root crops is the creation of variety populations and hybrids of root crops with an attractive appearance and a sufficiently high nutritional value, suitable for new technologies of growing and processing in order to meet the requirements of the market. For the period of 2020, the state register includes 96 cultivars, of which 22 – winter radish, 8 – summer radish, and 1 F1hybrid, 25 – loba and 2 F1 hybrids, daikon – 28, and 10 hybrids. In the assortment structure of the market of vegetable products, table root crops occupy 24%, of which the most popular crops, both in production and in personal subsidiary farms, are beet and carrots (about 120 thousand ha) as well as radish, turnip, parsnip, radish, rutabaga, daikon, etc., grown on smaller areas, in private farms, but their role in the rational and healthy human nutrition is very important. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the collection material of Chinese radish (Loba), Japanese radish (daikon), European radish on economically valuable characteristics (shape, color and weight of marketable root crops) for use in the selection process to create new varieties and hybrids. The object of research was 15 cultivars of radish, including 6 of Chinese radish (Loba), 4 of Japanese radish (daikon), 5 of European radish of domestic selection. 3 bred in the Poisk Agro Holding. According to the intensity of leaf colour, 66.7% of cultivars had green, 26.7% dark green, and 6.6 % light green leaf color. With a dark colour: Chinese radish Margelanskaya and Misato pink, Japanese radish Almaz, European radish Nochka. The total yield of the cultivars varied from 25.4 mm (Lady) to 87.7 t/ha (Inovasi). The level of marketability varied from 88.1 to 97.5%. The highest indicator was observed in the Misato pink cultivars.


2020 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Author(s):  
I. A. Novikova ◽  
I. V. Smirnova ◽  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
E. A. Evseeva ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
...  

Relevance and methods. For the production of chicory seeds, care must be taken not only to obtain a high-grade source material, i.e. varietal seeds and masterbatch root crops, but also to store the resulting root crops in winter with minimal losses. The main requirement for growing mother chicory root crops is the placement of crops on fertile soils that are clean of weeds. Installed. That on podzolized loams the best dose of mineral fertilizers for this crop is N45P120K60, where an increased dose of superphosphate increases the yield and rootability of Queen cells, increases seed productivity for the second year. Materials and methods. The purpose of this work is to analyze the safety of root crops of chicory root and the degree of their damage by root rot during winter storage in plastic bags in burts. The purpose of the study is to identify the best way to store the mother chicory root crops and the effect of reproduction on the rootability of root crops in winter. Questions of storage of the mother material of root chicory were studied in the laboratory of selection and seed production on the example of the Petrovsky variety in 2017-2019. The material for research was the families of chicory of the Petrovsky variety in the control and elite nursery. Results. The obtained data show that when evaluating and selecting families for the purpose of obtaining highly productive seed material, the safety of root crops in long-term winter storage should be taken into account. If its values are low, the entire family should be completely excluded from the process of primary seed production. In selection and seed-growing work, a mandatory component of the assessment should be the safety of root crops during long-term winter storage.


Author(s):  
T.M. Seredin ◽  
◽  
A.F. Agafonov ◽  

the article summarizes the long-term research on the selection and seed production of onion crops of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing. The prospects of using new varieties to obtain high-quality products for different zones are shown.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Anna Kovaleva ◽  
Svetlana Galchenko ◽  
Alex Kolchanov

Human nutrition is one of the important factors that determine the health of the population. A fullfledged balanced diet creates conditions for normal physical and mental development, affects the body’s ability to resist the effects of adverse environmental factors. The modern progressive direction of development of the confectionery industry is the creation of new technologies and the development of products of increased nutritional value. Today, a large number of product categories are represented in the structure of the snack market. One of the trends of recent years in the snack market is an increase in the consumption of natural snack products (nuts, seeds, dried fruits). In large part, this is due to the desire of consumers to live a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, products that carry the idea of proper and healthy nutrition are increasingly appearing on the market. This is what the developed product is a cracker with enhanced nutritional value. In the course of the study, the technology and recipe of the cracker of said increased nutritional value were developed. This result was achieved by adding buckwheat flour and cheese to the recipe. The additives used allowed crackers to be made with high organoleptic and physico-chemical properties. At the same time, the optimal recipe was determined, in which wheat flower was replaced with 40% buckwheat flour. The analysis of the chemical composition and nutritional value of the developed cracker samples of increased nutritional value proved the validity of the additives introduced. Due to the introduction of these ingredients, the contents of B vitamins (B1, B2, B4, B6), dietary fiber, as well as other nutrients like magnesium, potassium, calcium, zinc, copper, molybdenum, sodium and chlorine, increased.


Author(s):  
I.M. Konovalenko

Ассоциация независимых российских семенных компаний (АНРСК) системно продвигает свою позицию на всех уровнях власти. Одним из самых основных вопросов в работе ассоциации на сегодняшний день остается приведение законодательной и нормативно-правовой базы в отвечающее и дающее развиваться отрасли русло. Цель работы: проанализировать современную законодательную и нормативно-правовую базу в сфере селекции и семеноводства овощных культур и выявить в ней проблемные области, требующие принятия соответствующих поправок. При анализе использовали абстрактно-логический метод, включающий совокупность приемов индукции и дедукции, анализа и синтеза, аналогии, сопоставлений, системно-структурный анализ, методы формализации, моделирования, прогнозирования. Обосновано, что только став конкурентоспособным, сельское хозяйство и отдельные его отрасли, могут получить часть мирового рынка, в котором сегодня по целому ряду отраслей Россия серьезно уступает другим государствам. Показана роль частных селекционных компаний, мировых зон товарного семеноводства и ассоциаций в формировании цивилизованного рынка семян овощных культур. Дается определение стран с европейской и американской моделью законодательной базы. Приводятся факты поддержки государством селекционных компаний за рубежом. Сделан вывод о том, что во всех странах, в которых работают селекционные и семеноводческие компании, со стороны государств системно создаются благоприятные условия для их развития. Поэтому, если сегодня в РФ ставятся задачи импортозамещения и создания экспортного потенциала, нужно объективно взглянуть на состояние отечественной селекции и семеноводства овощных культур, определить их путь развития и создать под это соответствующую законодательную и нормативно-правовую базу. Нужны грамотные системные профессиональные решения, соответствующие законодательные и нормативно-правовые акты, а также снижение административной нагрузки.The Association of independent Russian seed companies (AIRSC) systematically promotes its position at all levels of government. One of the most important issues in the work of the Association today is to bring the legislative and regulatory framework in line with the development of the industry. Objective: to analyze the current legislative and regulatory framework in the field of selection and seed production of vegetable crops and identify problem areas that require the adoption of appropriate amendments. The analysis used an abstract logical method that includes a set of methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogy, comparisons, system-structural analysis, formalization, modeling, and forecasting. It is proved that only by becoming competitive, agriculture and some of its branches can get a part of the world market, in which today Russia is seriously inferior to other countries in a number of industries. The role of private breeding companies and world zones of commodity seed production and associations in the formation of a civilized market for vegetable seeds is shown. The definition of countries with the European and American model of the legal framework is given. The facts of state support for breeding companies abroad are given. It is concluded that in all countries where breeding and seed companies operate, favorable conditions for their development are systematically created by the States. Therefore, if today the tasks of import substitution and creation of export potential are set in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take an objective look at the state of domestic selection and seed production of vegetable crops, determine their path of development and create an appropriate legislative and regulatory framework for this. We need competent system professional solutions, appropriate legislative and regulatory acts, and reducing the administrative burden.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Artem Lukomec

Seed production of field crops plays a key role in ensuring food security of the country and is a continuation of the selection process, a necessary link for the development and maintenance of the variety. In seed production, the main object is a variety that is genetically close to each other a certain group of plants, homogeneous in morphological and biological properties. The finish of high-quality seed production is seeds with good varietal and sowing qualities. The main condition for effective production of field crops is a well-established seed production system, which is a set of functionally interconnected structures engaged in the production of elite and reproductive seeds. Seed production of field crops solves two main tasks: variety exchange and variety renewal. When a variety is changed, one zoned variety is replaced by another with more valuable economic characteristics. During variety renewal, varietal seeds in farms are replaced with seeds of the same varieties, but of higher reproductions. Usually, seeds for cereals and legumes are updated every 3-4 years, for millet - every 2 years, for sunflower - annually. The main goal of seed production of field crops is to maintain a set of characteristics of the variety, its most valuable qualities and economic indicators.


2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00064
Author(s):  
A.S Alchimbayeva ◽  
Lyudmila Shibryaeva ◽  
Zharylkasyn Sadykov ◽  
Mikhail Chaplygin ◽  
Rizvankoul Kaimova

In general, the state of seed production in Kazakhstan can be characterized by the following figures. According to Kostanay branch of Kazakh research Institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture total requirement of seeds is around 2 million tons. These farms provide 70% of the Republic'sfarms with seeds, the remaining 30% are imported from Russia. The studies have shown that all grain-producing regions of Kazakhstan can be classified into three categories according to the annual gross grain harvest, respectively, 16; 15; 3.26 and 2.9 million tons. It is advisable that typical seed farms have the following characteristics: in the first category of regions — the average area of one farm — 2.8 thousand hectares, the average annual grain harvest — 8.06 thousand tons, agro term — 10 days, the required total seed collection -1.78 million tons for all seed farms in the amount of 220 units. Accordingly, in the second category of regions — 1100 hectares; 2.82 thousand tons; 9.5 days 360 thousand tons and 128 units. In a third category — 322 hectares of 1.02 million tons, or 9.1 days, 320 thousand tons and 312 units. Total number of typical specialized farms should be approximately 660 units.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Boudeman ◽  
Lawrence Hentz ◽  
Joshua Gliptis

Biosolids generators across the United States are beginning to reevaluate their processing and management programs, to consider new technologies and products. As part of this, they are considering new regulatory requirements, more flexible outlets, and the concept of biosolids as a product. Their focus is no longer technology centered, but rather on product quality and the best use for it. As part of their Long-Term Biosolids Master Planning effort, Howard County Department of Public Works fulfilled their goal of selecting a solids processing technology that reduces volume and generates a Class A exceptional quality biosolids product that could be use locally in agricultural or non-agricultural markets. In this case, product quality characteristics were important in entering local markets. Key aspects of the selection process are discussed, including establishing County goals, identifying and surveying local beneficial use markets, selecting a solids management alternative, and ultimately selecting the dryer technology fulfilling the County's objective.


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