scholarly journals Results and prospects of the Astrakhan selection of vegetable and melon crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
O. P. Kigashpaeva ◽  
A. V. Gulin ◽  
R. H. Kapanova ◽  
S. A. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

Relevance. Since the increasing demand for agricultural products, especially at present in the conditions of import substitution, cannot be met without creating new highly productive varieties and hybrids.Material and methods. This article provides a description and comparative characteristics of economically valuable qualities and varieties of vegetable crops, the most common and in demand among the population, created by breeders of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable Growing and Melon Growing – a branch of the FSBSI "PAFSC RAS". The experiments were laid on the experimental fields.Results. As a result of many years of breeding work presented varieties belong to different variety types, they differ in groups of precocity, shape, size, color of fruits. Tomatoes – Astrakhan, Bulldog, Avdeevsky, Caspian, Malinovi shar, Moryana, Rychansky, Forward, Orange Avuri, Malinovi Supergol, etc. Varieties of sweet pepper – Atomor, Marble, Novichok VNIIOB, Sprinter, Lyudmila, etc. Varieties of eggplant – Albatross, Diamond, Astrakom, Nizhnevolzhsky, Swan, etc. Since 2021, the Gnomik tomato variety has been entered into the State Register, and the Zarnitsa sweet pepper variety is being tested. The Astrakhan region is also a center for the creation and production of melon crops, their fruits belong to dietary products, are used both fresh and for preservation, preparation of drinks, desserts, home cooking. Watermelon varieties – Astrakhan, Photon, Ilyasovsky, Portioned; melon – Lada, pumpkin – Kroshka and Kapelka, zucchini – Sosnovsky and Jubilee, squash – Tabolinsky.

scholarly journals The stability of varieties is an important element of the integrated protection of flax from

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kudryavceva
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The State ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to characterize the varieties of long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in terms of resistance to fusarium wilt, rust, anthracnose and pasmo. The research was conducted in 2018–2020 in vegetative, laboratory and field conditions at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax (currently: A separate division Research Institute of Flax). As an object of research, we used varieties of flax-long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for 2018–2020. Methods. The studies were carried out using modern mycological and phytopathological methods. Laboratory, vegetation and field experiments were conducted according to the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax methods. Results and practical significance. Among the studied 66 varieties, 56.1 % were highly resistant and resistant genotypes to fusarium wilt and 58.3 % – to rust. The specific weight of the Flax Institute varieties for this period was 34.8 %. High resistance to rust and fusarium wilt was characterized by the VNIIL selection varieties: Universal, Diplomat, Alexim, Dewdrop, Zaryanka, Aleksandrit. For the first time, scientists of the Flax Institute have created varieties of flax-long – legged (Diplomat and Tonus) resistant to three diseases: rust, fusarium wilt and anthracnose, and the Caesar variety-to four diseases. All varieties, with the exception of Diplomat and Tonus, a selection of the Flax Institute, were susceptible to anthracnose. The Grant variety of the selection of the Republic of Belarus and the Caesar variety were resistant to pasmo by 59.7 %, the rest were characterized by resistance to damage by 27.8–42.0 %. Scientific novelty. The characteristics of the resistance of the varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation are comprehensively described on infectious and provocative backgrounds using natural and synthetic populations of pathogens diseases of flax. Varieties with group resistance to 2, 3, and 4 diseases are identified. The use of flax varieties resistant to the most economically dangerous diseases in flax crops will reduce the infectious potential and its accumulation in nature.

ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FRUIT CROP BREEDING IS 175 YEARS

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
S. D. Knyazev ◽  
М. F. Tsoy ◽  
O. V. Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents the history of creation, formation and development of the oldest horticultural institution in Russia - Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. For 175 years, the name of the institution has been changed many times, but its main activity - breeding of fruit crops-has remained unchanged. Currently, the Institute conducts full-scale breeding research on 15 fruit and berry crops, using classical and modern methods and techniques to create highly adaptive, competitive and environmentally sustainable cultivars. To date, 189 cultivars of fruit and berry crops have been created, of which 137 are included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use. In 2014 the publication of the five-volume work of “Pomology” was completed, which presents a pomological description of cultivars of fruit, berry, nut and rare crops included in all regions of Russia in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use and best cultivars that are passing the state test. The Institute has three main departments of breeding and varietal agronomic practice of pome, stone and berry crops, as well as 8 laboratories. Employees of the Institute work in accordance with the program of fundamental scientific research developed by the government of the Russian Federation for 2013-2020, "State program of agricultural development for 2013-2020" - import substitution of fruit products and "Ensuring the conservation of plant genetic resources", and also actively work towards the production of healthy planting material of pure varieties for fruit and berry crops. The Institute actively works in the direction of international collaboration with major breeding institutions in Europe, Asia and North America, as well as promotes the results of its activities at annual scientific conferences and exhibitions of various ranks. The Institute is a holder of 3 Grants from the RSF and RFBR, as well as a participant in 4 International Projects: FruitBreedomics, VINQUEST, ECPGR PomeFruit_C&E, and DROUGHT. In conclusion, it is noted that the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding is able to set and solve important tasks in the direction of the development of domestic horticulture.

scholarly journals All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production - integration of science and practice

2012 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
V.F. Pivovarov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Breeding ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article summarizes the work undertaken in the Institute for last five years. VNIISSOK is a leader in the field of breeding and seed production of vegetable crops. Staff of the Institute solve a query of producers for food supply security in Russia.

scholarly journals Apple breeding process duration and ways of its reduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Sedov ◽  
S. A. Korneyeva ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
Z. M. Serova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Russian Research

A careful 63-year-old work on apple breeding, resulting in the creation of 54 its varieties, included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use, makes it possible to speak about the ways of reduction in the time of the actual breeding process and the subsequent stages of accelerating the introduction of new varieties into production. According to the experience of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, an average of 19 years is spent from hybridization to the adoption of a variety for State trials, and from hybridization to inclusion in the State Register it is spent 27 years. The requirements for new apple varieties are changing and becoming tougher to a large extent during this period. We off er the possibility of reducing the time to create a new variety by combining in time the actual breeding process and the primary variety study. For this purpose already during the selection and transfer of biannual seedlings to the breeding orchard it is necessary to multiply and include the best seedlings on morphological features with a culture of 5 points (no more than 1 seedling per thousand selected ones) in the primary study. In this case the actual breeding process is combined with the primary study. When transferring the variety to the state trial, it is necessary to lay orchards of a small production testing of 20-40 trees of a new variety in each of the three replications. The time of single breeders is a thing of the past. To create varieties that meet high requirements of production (convenient for cultivation, highly adapted to local conditions, with a certain shape of tree crowns, with the fruits of high commodity and consumer qualities), interdisciplinary teams are needed, which include not only breeders, but also pomologists, geneticists, cytoembryologists, biochemists, physiologists, phytopathologists, and agricultural technicians. Usually years, and sometimes decades are spent on the creation of well-coordinated teams of professionals of diff erent specialties, but only such teams are able to create varieties that meet all main requirements. At Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding such a team consists of 22 people.

scholarly journals Features of the inheritance of fruit size in the hybrid families of prunus domestica

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00070
Author(s):  
G. E. Osipov ◽  
Z. A. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of the research was to establish the features of the inheritance of the size of the fruit in the hybrid families of Prunus domestica. The objects of study were hybrid seedlings of plum selection of the Tatar research Institute of agriculture. Fruit sizes were estimated according to the methodology of the all-Russian research Institute of fruit crops selection. The analysis of the splitting of plum in hybrid families by the size of fruits showed that seedlings with small fruits dominated in the breeding gardens of the Tatar research Institute. The size of the plum fruit is controlled by polygens. All of the original parental forms are heterozygotes for the genes determining the size of the fruit. A small fruit is a dominant trait, a large fruit is a recessive trait. In most hybrid families, plum seedlings have a significant variability in the size of the fruit. Transgressive genotypes with large fruits are formed in hybrid families Eurasia 21 x Renklod Tenkovsky, Eurasia 21 x free pollination and Zyuzinskaya x free pollination. The varieties Eurasia 21 and Zyuzinskaya must be used as sources in breeding of plums for large-fruited.

scholarly journals Elemental Composition and Some Nutritional Parameters of Sweet Pepper from Organic and Conventional Agriculture

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Rosa Guilherme ◽  
Fernando Reboredo ◽  
Mauro Guerra ◽  
Sandrine Ressurreição ◽  
Nuno Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
A Value ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Nutritional Studies

The increasing demand of organic agriculture (OA) is based on the consumer’s belief that organic agricultural products are healthier, tastier and more nutritious. The effect of OA and conventional agriculture (CA) methods on the elemental compositions of green and red sweet peppers were studied. The highest concentrations of Ca, Cu, K and P occur in peppers from OA in both states of ripeness, with emphasis on Ca and K contents. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA), points out to a clear separation, regarding concentrations, between peppers from OA and CA. The average fruit weight is higher in OA, 141 g versus 112 g in CA. Regarding productivity, CA reaches a value of 30.1 t/ha, 7% higher than the value observed for OA, i.e., 28 t/ha. Peppers from CA, exhibited greater protein content than those which originated from OA, regardless of the ripening stage, but not more ashes. Regarding nutritional ratios, the ripening stage and the production mode, can be important for an adequate choice regarding a more balanced Ca/P ratio, and the studied variety contained high Ca values ranging between 1009 and 1930 mg.kg−1. The PCA analysis also revealed that Mn and Fe are inversely correlated, confirming the importance of the Mn/Fe ratio evaluation in nutritional studies.

scholarly journals The number of glandular trichomes on the peduncles of true lavender inflorescences as an additional breeding trait for essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
T.P. Shuvaeva ◽  
I.V. Gaytotina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The main receptacle of essential oil in true lavender is the peltate glandular trichomes of the calyxes in the whorls of the inflorescences. Their average size is 175 ± 25 µm, in some cases – up to 250 µm. For the extraction of lavender oil, not only the calyxes are used, but the whole inflorescences including the flowering shoots. The surface of the peduncles of lavender inflorescences is also covered with peltate glandular trichomes. However, their contribution to the total volume of essential oil in the inflorescence has almost never been determined. The aim of this research was to study the distribution density of glandular trichomes within the inflorescence and to determine the proportion of the contribution of flowering trichomes to the formation of essential oil in the inflorescence. The research was carried out in 2021 on the basis of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in two ecological and geographical points of the Krasnodar region. The object of the study was the true lavender varieties Voznesenskaya 34, Rannyaya, Yuzhanka and Voznesenskaya Aroma. It was found that the size of glandular trichomes on peduncles of true lavender is 90 ± 15 µm. Their number on peduncles, depending on the variety, varies from 2141 to 3003 pcs. The density of distribution of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles is equal to 8.60–14.93 pcs/mm3 . The total volume of essential oil in all glandular trichomes of peduncles is 0.41–0.57 cmm . The total volume of essential oil in the inflorescences varied from 2.28 to 5.15 cmm . The share of essential oil in the glandular trichomes of the peduncles in relation to the entire inflorescence ranged from 9.33 to 19.56%. It is concluded that peltate glandular trichomes on flower-bearing axes make a significant contribution to the essential oil content of lavender inflorescences. For the selection of true lavender to increase the essential oil content and the yield of essential oil, an additional selection trait is proposed – the amount of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles, which can be regulated by changing their distribution density on the surface of peduncles, or increasing the length of inflorescences.

scholarly journals Intensification of the breeding process and acceleration of the introduction of apple cultivars into production

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Sedov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Long Period ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Small Production ◽  
Russian Research

Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) is the main supplier of new apple cultivars for the middle zone of Russia. 54 zoned apple cultivars of different dates of maturing have been created at the Institute and included in the State Register of breeding achievements. The reasons of a very long period from the beginning of the breeding process (hybridization) to the wide introduction of a cultivar into broad production are considered in this pa-per. Examples of acceleration and intensification of the breeding process are given. If in 1950s at VNIISPK it took 39-49 years (43, on the average) from the hybridization to transfer a cultivar to the State Register, then in 1980s-1990s it took just 18-23 years (21, on the average). The techniques and methods of reducing this period are given in this paper. Often not less period passes from the inclusion of a cultivar in the State Register (zoning) before introduction of a cultivar in wide production. To reduce this period, it is proposed in the original institution to lay plots of small production cultivar testing of 20-30 trees in each of the 3 repetitions (60-90 trees) for each new cultivar and the control cultivar simultaneously with the transfer of a cultivar to the State Register.

scholarly journals Conventional and molecular breeding of field and vegetable crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, 2008

2009 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
I.T. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Gamete Selection ◽  
Russian Research

On 24-27th of November, 2008 the international conference on conventional and molecular breeding of field and vegetable crops was held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Russian delegated group included Dr. Lapochkina I.F., a head of genetics and cytology department at All -Russian Research institute of Agriculture for Nonchernozem zone, Dr Balashova I.T, a head of a laboratory of gamete selection and molecular methods for plant breeding, Dr Kushnereva V.P., a head of a Cucurbitaceae crop breeding laboratory

scholarly journals Efficiency of selection of self-fertile sunflower biotypes in production of foundation and breeder seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A.D. Bochkovoy ◽  
◽  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
V.A. Kamardin ◽  
D.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The researches were conducted on fields of OOO NPO “Triumph”, the Matveevo-Kurgansky district of Rostov region and V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar in 2017–2020. The purpose of the research was to develop methodology of selection of self-fertile sunflower genotypes in foundation and breeder seed production. Our work resulted in development of improved population Dobrynya plus. Middle self-fertility of this population at self-pollination was 13.7% vs. 5.2% of the initial variety (increased by 2.6 times), a ratio of the most valuable genotypes with amount of fully formed seeds more than 150 seeds per a plant increased from 13.5 to 26.4% (by 1.9 times). At the open flowering and free insect pollination, population Dobrynya plus does not differ by its economically valuable traits from the initial variety. But at the close flowering, without insects pollination, yield of the population Dobrynya plus was 0.93 t per ha vs. 0.52 t per ha of the initial variety (increase by 1.8 times). At selection of elite seeds from sunflower varietal populations for seed growing, the most perspective are the biotypes with high level of self-fertility which traits are held stable in the different environments. Improvement of sunflower variety by 11 self-fertility does not lead to decreasing of its yield qualities by the main economically valuable traits. The obtained experimental data prove a prospectivity of researches directed on improvement of sunflower variety populations by self-fertility at production of foundation and breeder seeds and possibility to reach successful results.

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