scholarly journals Metodyka kontrolowania związków aminowych i lateksów w płuczkach wiertniczych

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Amine Compounds ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Mud Filtrate

In industrial practice, rock hydration inhibitors, classified as amine compounds, are being increasingly used in drilling mud compositions. There is no methodology for determining this type of compounds content in the drilling mud, and proper servicing of this type of muds requires constant monitoring of their content to ensure appropriate inhibitory properties. During drilling, amine compounds adsorb on the surface of rocks and their concentration decreases during drilling and reduces the inhibitory properties of the mud. A common additive used in the composition of drilling muds is latex, the determination of which is necessary to ensure the mud parameters stability. Compounds of this type ensure the stability of the borehole wall, while their content also decreases during drilling. The results obtained from the research presented in the article allowed to propose methods for the determination of amine compounds and latexes. These methods can be used in the field laboratory when servicing drilling muds. The article presents the methodology for determining the content of new types of chemicals used in drilling muds, i.e. rock hydration inhibitors classified as amine compounds and latexes. The proposed methods enable proper servicing of muds with the addition of the agents that ensure the maintenance of appropriate mud properties. The method for the determination of amine compounds consists in determining the total nitrogen in the drilling mud filtrate. Dilution of the filtrate provides the results within the measuring range of the method and reduces the concentration of chloride ions, the amount of which may not exceed 10 000 mg/dm3. The first method of latex determination is weight determination of the dry residue after separation of the latex from the filtrate with acetone. The second one is based on nephelometric measurements of a tenfold diluted filtrate. The measurement result is the NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) value depending on the latex content in the filtrate. All of the developed methods require the preparation of calibration curves, which are the basis for calculating the content of a given agent in the mud.

scholarly journals Experimental Research of Shale Pellet Swelling in Nano-Based Drilling Muds

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6246
Author(s):  
Borivoje Pašić ◽  
Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec ◽  
Petar Mijić ◽  
Igor Medved
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Mud Filtrate

The drilling of clay-rich formations, such as shale, is an extremely demanding technical and technological process. Shale consists of mixed clay minerals in different ratios and in contact with water from drilling mud. It tends to swell and cause different wellbore instability problems. Usually, the petroleum industry uses various types of salt and/or polymers as shale hydration inhibitors. The aim of this research was to determine whether nanoparticles can be used as shale swelling inhibitors because due to their small size they can enter the shale nanopores, plug them and stop further penetration of mud filtrate into the shale formation. Swelling of bentonite-calcium carbonate pellets after 2 and 24 h in water and drilling mud (water, bentonite, PAC and NaOH) without nanoparticles and with addition of TiO2 (0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt%) and SiO2 (0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt%) nanoparticles was measured using a linear swell meter. Additionally, granulometric analyses of bentonite as well as the zeta potential of tested muds containing nanoparticles were performed. Based on the laboratory research, it can generally be concluded that the addition of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles in water and base drilling mud reduces the swelling of pellets up to 40.06%.

scholarly journals Impact of organophilic clay on rheological properties of gasoil-based drilling muds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3533-3540
Author(s):  
Cheikh Bergane ◽  
Larbi Hammadi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Casson Model ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this study, the impact of VG69 organophilic clay on the rheological properties of gasoil-based drilling muds (invert emulsions) was investigated. The flow curves of gasoil-based drilling muds as a function of the dose of VG69 organophilic clay were analyzed by the Casson model. The addition of VG69 organophilic clay with a quantity range between 0 and 5 g in gasoil-based drilling muds induces an increase in the yield stress and the viscosity at an infinite shear rate of drilling muds. It is also proven that the addition of VG69 organophilic clay leads to an increase in the viscoelastic and thixotropic properties of the drilling muds. The study of the stability of gasoil-based drilling muds by centrifugation showed that for a quantity of VG69 organophilic clay lower than 3 g, the stability of the drilling muds increases and for a quantity of VG69 organophilic clay higher than 3 g, their stability decreases. The results obtained showed that the addition of 3 g of VG69 organophilic clay to the gasoil-based drilling mud increased the yield stress by 230%, the viscosity at an infinite shear rate by 3.4% and it improved the mud stability by 70%.

Determining the Norton’s Equivalent Model of Distribution System with Distributed Generation (DG) for Stability Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Sunny Katyara ◽  
Lukasz Staszewski ◽  
Faheem Akhtar Chachar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Since the distribution networks are passive until Distributed Generation (DG) is not being installed into them, the stability issues occur in the distribution system after the integration of DG. Methods: In order to assure the simplicity during the calculations, many approximations have been proposed for finding the system’s parameters i.e. Voltage, active and reactive powers and load angle, more efficiently and accurately. This research presents an algorithm for finding the Norton’s equivalent model of distribution system with DG, considering from receiving end. Norton’s model of distribution system can be determined either from its complete configuration or through an algorithm using system’s voltage and current profiles. The algorithm involves the determination of derivative of apparent power against the current (dS/dIL) of the system. Results: This work also verifies the accuracy of proposed algorithm according to the relative variations in the phase angle of system’s impedance. This research also considers the varying states of distribution system due to switching in and out of DG and therefore Norton’s model needs to be updated accordingly. Conclusion: The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulation results under two scenarios, (i) normal condition and (ii) faulty condition. During normal condition, the stability factor near to 1 and change in dS/dIL was near to 0 while during fault condition, the stability factor was higher than 1 and the value of dS/dIL was away from 0.

Synthesis and solvatochromic studies of 2- amino-3-phenolazo1-(4-sulfophenyl)-3-methyi-5-pyrozolone and use it for the determination of trace amount of Nickel (II) in blood samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4920
Author(s):  
Amar M. Ali ◽  
Hussain. J. Mohammed*
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constant ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Benzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Determination Of Nickel ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normal Human Blood

A new, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of trace amount of Nickel (II). The method is based on the formation of a 1:2 complex with 4-(4-((2-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) -3-methyl-5-oxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonic acid (2-ANASP) as a new reagent is developed. The complex has a maximum absorption at 516 nm and εmax of 1. 84 X 105 L. mol-1. cm-1. A linear correlation (0. 25 – 4. 0μg. ml-1) was found between absorbance at λmax and concentration. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of Nickel (II) were tested. The results obtained are both precise (RSD was 1. 2 %) and accurate (relative error was 0. 787 %). The effect of diverse ions on the determination of Nickel (II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The stability constant of the product was 0. 399 X 106 L. mol-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of diabetes blood and normal human blood. 

Selectivity coefficients of some simple and complex inorganic ions for Spheron DEAE

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Karel Koňák
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
Selectivity Coefficients

The selectivity coefficients of the nitrate and chloride ions and of anionic chloro complexes of Au(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) for ion exchange on Spheron DEAE in the chloride form are determined by the dynamic method. the complex anion species formed are identified and the ion exchange nature of the sorption of precious metals on this sorbent is confirmed based on the elution order of the precious metals as determined previously by the column chromatography on Spheron DEAE using hydrochloric acid as the mobile phase. The effect of the presence of perchlorate in the mobile phase during the liquid chromatography of precious metals and during the chromatographic determination of nitrate traces is explained.

scholarly journals Determination of Objective Weights Using a New Method Based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC)

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Keshavarz-Ghorabaee ◽  
Maghsoud Amiri ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
Zenonas Turskis ◽  
Jurgita Antucheviciene
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
New Method ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Analysis Of Means ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Weighting Methods

The weights of criteria in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems are essential elements that can significantly affect the results. Accordingly, researchers developed and presented several methods to determine criteria weights. Weighting methods could be objective, subjective, and integrated. This study introduces a new method, called MEREC (MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria), to determine criteria’ objective weights. This method uses a novel idea for weighting criteria. After systematically introducing the method, we present some computational analyses to confirm the efficiency of the MEREC. Firstly, an illustrative example demonstrates the procedure of the MEREC for calculation of the weights of criteria. Secondly, a comparative analysis is presented through an example for validation of the introduced method’s results. Additionally, we perform a simulation-based analysis to verify the reliability of MEREC and the stability of its results. The data of the MCDM problems generated for making this analysis follow a prevalent symmetric distribution (normal distribution). We compare the results of the MEREC with some other objective weighting methods in this analysis, and the analysis of means (ANOM) for variances shows the stability of its results. The conducted analyses demonstrate that the MEREC is efficient to determine objective weights of criteria.

scholarly journals Determination of Transverse Shear Stiffness of Sandwich Panels with a Corrugated Core by Numerical Homogenization

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Tomasz Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Shear ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Homogenization Procedure ◽  
Plate Structures ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Global Stiffness Matrix

Knowing the material properties of individual layers of the corrugated plate structures and the geometry of its cross-section, the effective material parameters of the equivalent plate can be calculated. This can be problematic, especially if the transverse shear stiffness is also necessary for the correct description of the equivalent plate performance. In this work, the method proposed by Biancolini is extended to include the possibility of determining, apart from the tensile and flexural stiffnesses, also the transverse shear stiffness of the homogenized corrugated board. The method is based on the strain energy equivalence between the full numerical 3D model of the corrugated board and its Reissner-Mindlin flat plate representation. Shell finite elements were used in this study to accurately reflect the geometry of the corrugated board. In the method presented here, the finite element method is only used to compose the initial global stiffness matrix, which is then condensed and directly used in the homogenization procedure. The stability of the proposed method was tested for different variants of the selected representative volume elements. The obtained results are consistent with other technique already presented in the literature.

scholarly journals Charge Transfer Complexes of Ketotifen with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone and 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquodimethane: Spectroscopic Characterization Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Gamal A. E. Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Bakheit ◽  
Najla AlMasoud ◽  
Haitham AlRabiah
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ct Complexes

The reactions of ketotifen fumarate (KT) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as π acceptors to form charge transfer (CT) complexes were evaluated in this study. Experimental and theoretical approaches, including density function theory (DFT), were used to obtain the comprehensive, reliable, and accurate structure elucidation of the developed CT complexes. The CT complexes (KT-DDQ and KT-TCNQ) were monitored at 485 and 843 nm, respectively, and the calibration curve ranged from 10 to 100 ppm for KT-DDQ and 2.5 to 40 ppm for KT-TCNQ. The spectrophotometric methods were validated for the determination of KT, and the stability of the CT complexes was assessed by studying the corresponding spectroscopic physical parameters. The molar ratio of KT:DDQ and KT:TCNQ was estimated at 1:1 using Job’s method, which was compatible with the results obtained using the Benesi–Hildebrand equation. Using these complexes, the quantitative determination of KT in its dosage form was successful.

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