scholarly journals Dietary assessment of vitamin A and iron among pregnant women at Ndhiwa Sub District hospital – Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (65) ◽  
pp. 9314-9328
Author(s):  
DA Othoo ◽  
◽  
J Waudo ◽  
EN Kuria ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Intakes

Vitamin A and iron deficiencies are among nutritional deficiencies of public health concern in the developing countries. Infants, children, pregnant and lactating women are at high risk of both deficiencies as a result of inadequate dietary intakes and associated physiological changes that cause increased demands for nutrients. Focus has in the past been on vitamin A and iron status of children below five years with little on maternal vitamin A and iron status and dietary habits . Studies on dietary intakes of these nutrients among pregnant women are limited in Kenya . This study assessed vitamin A and iron consumption levels as well as relationship between vitamin A consumption level, iron consumption levels and nutritional status of pregnant women. A descriptive analytical case study was carried out among 162 pregnant women who were accessed from Ndhiwa Maternal and Child Health (MCH clinic) and outpatient sections and recruited for the study through simple random sampling. Data was collected using a semi -structured questionnaire and focused group discussion on home visits. The study found that most pregnant women (88%) did not meet their Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for vitamin A as indicated by intake of less than 800μg per day. Majority (9 1.4%) did not meet their RDA for iron as indicated by consumption levels of less than 30mg per day. About 29% had BMI of 19.0- 25.0. Other 61% had BMI of < 19.0 while 7% had BMI of 26.0- 29.0 while 3% had BMI of > 29.0. Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) showed 29% had normal nutritional status (≥21 cm). 61% were under nourished (<21 cm) while 10% were over nourished (>26 cm) . There existed significant relationship between vitamin A consumption levels, iron consumption levels and nutritional status of the pregnant women (r < 1, P < 0.05). Most women had two meals a day with irregular consumption of vitamin A and iron rich foods.

scholarly journals Determining the Actual Zinc and Iron Intakes in Breastfed Infants: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study

10.2196/19119 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e19119
Author(s):  
Oraporn Dumrongwongsiri ◽  
Pattanee Winichagoon ◽  
Nalinee Chongviriyaphan ◽  
Umaporn Suthutvoravut ◽  
Veit Grote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study

Background Zinc and iron deficiencies among breastfed infants during the first 6 months of life have been reported in previous studies. The amounts of zinc and iron intakes from breast milk are factors that contribute to the zinc and iron status of breastfed infants. Objective This study aims to quantitatively determine zinc and iron intakes by breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and to investigate the factors that predict zinc and iron status in breastfed infants. Methods Pregnant women at 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Zinc and iron status during pregnancy was assessed. At delivery, cord blood was analyzed for zinc and iron levels. Participants and their babies were followed at 2 and 4 months postpartum. Maternal dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements were performed. The amount of breast milk intake was assessed using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. Breast milk samples were collected for determination of zinc and iron levels. The amount of zinc and iron consumed by infants was calculated. Zinc and iron status was determined in mothers and infants at 4 months postpartum. Results A total of 120 pregnant women were enrolled, and 80 mother-infant pairs completed the study (56 provided full breastfeeding, and 24 provided breast milk with infant formula). All data are being managed and cleaned. Statistical analysis will be done. Conclusions This study will provide information on zinc and iron intakes in exclusively breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and explore predictive factors and the possible association of zinc and iron intakes with infant growth and nutrient status. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19119

Impact of the WIC Program on the Iron Status of Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Miller ◽  
Sheldon Swaney ◽  
Amos Deinard
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Women And Children

The WIC Program (Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children) was initiated in the early 1970s to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women, lactating women, and children from birth to 5 years of age who were at risk for nutritionally related health problems. Better hematologic status of a group of preschool-aged infants who were enrolled in the WIC Program from birth, as compared with another group of similar age and socioeconomic status from the pre-WIC Program era, suggests that participation in the WIC Program will help limit the development of iron depletion or iron deficiency anemia in young children, an important consideration in view of the deleterious hematologic and nonhematologic effects that have been attributed to those conditions.

scholarly journals Prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Reduce the Benefit of Iron on Maternal Hematologic and Micronutrient Status at Delivery in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadhani A Noor ◽  
Ajibola I Abioye ◽  
Anne Marie Darling ◽  
Ellen Hertzmark ◽  
Said Aboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Background Zinc and vitamin A supplementation have both been shown to affect iron status, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and anemia in animal and human studies. However, evidence on their combined use in pregnancy, in the context of iron–folic acid (IFA) supplementation, remains limited. Objective This study determined the effects of prenatal zinc, vitamin A, and iron supplementation on maternal hematologic and micronutrient status at delivery in Tanzania. Methods We analyzed 2 large randomized controlled trials, using generalized estimating equations, and examined the effect of daily zinc (25 mg) and vitamin A (2500 IU) supplementation starting in the first trimester of pregnancy compared with placebo (n = 2500), and separately evaluated the safety and efficacy of daily iron (60 mg) supplementation among iron-replete pregnant women (n = 1500). Blood samples from baseline and delivery were tested for Hb, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, plasma zinc, and zinc protoporphyrin. Results Zinc and vitamin A supplementation were associated with lower Hb concentrations at delivery of  −0.26 g/dL (95% CI: −0.50, −0.02 g/dL) and −0.25 g/dL (95% CI: −0.49, −0.01 g/dL), respectively. Vitamin A increased mean ferritin concentrations at delivery (14.3 μg/L, 95% CI: 1.84, 29.11 μg/L), but was associated with increased risk of severe anemia (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.88). Among women who were iron replete at baseline, iron supplementation reduced the risk of iron depletion at delivery by 47% (RR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.65). There was no effect of zinc or iron supplements on plasma zinc concentrations. Conclusions Our findings support existing WHO guidelines on prenatal iron, vitamin A, and zinc supplementation among pregnant women. In this setting, scaling uptake of prenatal iron supplements is warranted, but prenatal zinc and vitamin A supplementation did not benefit maternal hematologic status at delivery. In settings where vitamin A deficiency is endemic, the efficacy and safety of the WHO recommended prenatal vitamin A supplementation require further evaluation.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes and dietary patterns among pregnant women in Northwest China

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaomei Yang ◽  
Shaonong Dang ◽  
Yue Cheng ◽  
Huizhen Qiu ◽  
Baibing Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey

AbstractObjectiveTo describe nutrient intakes, characterize dietary patterns and analyse their associations with sociodemographic characteristics among pregnant women in Shaanxi, China.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingTwenty counties and ten districts in Shaanxi Province of Northwest China, 2013.SubjectsWomen (n 7462) were recruited using a stratified multistage random sampling method to report diets during pregnancy, at 0–12 months (median 3 months; 10th–90th percentile, 0–7 months) after delivery.ResultsPregnant women had higher intakes of fat, niacin and vitamin E than the nutrient reference values, while most micronutrients such as vitamin A, folate, Ca and Zn were reportedly low. Women in the highest education, occupation and household income groups had higher nutrient intakes than those in the lowest groups. Nutrient intake differences also existed by geographic area, residence and maternal age at delivery. Three dietary patterns were identified: balanced pattern, vegetarian pattern and snacks pattern. Participants with high balanced pattern scores tended to be better educated, wealthier, 25–29 years old at delivery, working outside and living in urban areas and central Shaanxi. Women with high scores on the vegetarian pattern and snacks pattern tended to be in low balanced pattern score groups, and had lower nutrient intakes than those in the high balanced pattern score groups.ConclusionsThe study suggested that pregnant women in Shaanxi, China had low intakes of most nutrients such as vitamin A, folate and Ca. Dietary patterns and most nutrient intakes varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Targeted programmes are needed to improve dietary intakes and dietary patterns among sociodemographically disadvantaged groups.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls in a Selected Secondary School of North-Eastern Part of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danjuma Shehu Uba ◽  
Md. Rabiul Islam ◽  
Md. Imdadul Haque ◽  
ABM Alauddin Chowdhury ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Adolescence is the most critical period of human life when transitioning occurs from childhood to adulthood. Malnutrition is one of the major global health problems faced by many developing countries across the globe. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of adolescent girls in a selected secondary school in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 adolescent girls who were available during the study period. A nutrition expert, together with an epidemiologist, gathered anthropometric information and measured the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the participants. The BMI was calculated, and the dietary habits of the participants were reported based on their usual food habits. It is part of our limitations and has been addressed under the limitations. Data were collected using a self-administered and semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the adolescent girls was 15.9 ± 0.9 years, and more than half (53.2%) were students of senior secondary class 1 (SS-1). More than half (54.4%) of the adolescent girls had average body weight, 36.0% were underweight, and only 9.6% were overweight. The following socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with the BMI of adolescent girls: Age, class of the students, monthly family income, mothers’ educational status, and area of residence. Close to four-fifths (78.4%) of the participants consumed rice more than twice in a week; more than eight-tenths (88.8%) of the participants consumed milk/milk products at least ≤ 2 in a week. About 84.4% of the participants took red meat at least ≤ 2 in a week; more than half (55.2%) of the participants consumed vegetables and fruits more than twice a week. Most (84.8%) of the participants took lunch regularly, and 91.6% of the adolescent girls took breakfast regularly. Conclusions: The study revealed that nearly one-third of the adolescent girls were underweight, indicating a severe public health concern. Early nutritional screening and interventions are recommended to improve the nutritional status of the adolescent girl school in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescent College Girls at Rawalpindi

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshan Shahid ◽  
Farah Rashid Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Ayaz Bhatti ◽  
Mahmood Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Wasif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Nutrient Consumption

Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of adolescent college girls by assessing the dietary intake in terms of carbohydrates,proteins, Estimating the hemoglobin levels in the study group and studying the clinical signs of malnutrition withspecial emphasis to vitamin A, iron and iodine deficiency.Design of Study: A cross-sectional study.Settings: Two Post-Graduate women colleges of Rawalpindi.Study Duration: 9 Months (From Jan 2006 to September 2006).Materials and Methods: Nutritional status of 508 adolescent girls was assessed with a questionnaire, clinical examinationand biochemical estimation (hemoglobin). The data thus collected was analyzed in July 2006 on computer with the help ofStatistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel.Results: Results revealed that 20%of girls were having BMI <18.5, 77% above 18.5% and 3% were obese. 57.09% of thegirls had goiter out of which 52.96% had palpable goiter and 4.13% had visible goiter. Pallor conjunctiva was seen in 1%girls. No clinical signs of Vitamin A deficiency were seen. Biochemical results indicated that 32.87% of the girls was sufferingfrom Iron deficiency anemia.Conclusions: Large longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, regarding nutrient consumption, dietary habits and nutritionalintervention are required in the adolescent girls. These studies can be thought provoking for the policy maker at thegovernment level. Nutritional education and health promotion can be used as tool to improve the health status of the nation.Key Words: Adolescent Health, Nutrition, Nutritional Assessment.

scholarly journals P794 Nutritional assessment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): development of the Groningen IBD Nutritional Questionnaires (GINQ)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S624-S625
Author(s):  
V Peters ◽  
B Alizadeh ◽  
J de Vries ◽  
G Dijkstra ◽  
M Campmans-Kuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Diet plays a key role in the complex aetiology and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Most existing nutritional assessment tools neglect intakes of important foods consumed or omitted specifically by IBD patients or incorporate non-Western dietary habits, making development of appropriate dietary guidelines for (Western) IBD patients difficult. Hence, we developed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the Groningen IBD Nutritional Questionnaires (GINQ-FFQ); suitable to assess dietary intake in IBD patients. Methods To develop the GINQ-FFQ multiple steps (Figure 1) were taken; identification of IBD specific foods, literature search and evaluation of current dietary assessment methods. Expert views were collected and in collaboration with Wageningen University, division of Human Nutrition and Health, this semi-quantitative FFQ was developed using standard methods to obtain a validate questionnaire. Next, the GINQ-FFQ was digitalised into a secure web-based environment which also embeds additional nutritional and IBD-related questions. Results The GINQ-FFQ is an online self-administered FFQ evaluating dietary intake over the past month as a proxy of habitual intake of the previous six months. The GINQ-FFQ consists of 121 questions on 218 food items. It takes about 45 min to fill out the GINQ-FFQ. Conclusion This paper describes the design process of the GINQ-FFQ which is newly developed to assess dietary intakes especially (but not exclusively) in IBD patients.

Relationship Between Smoking, Dietary Intakes and Plasma Levels of Vitamin E and beta-Carotene in Matched Maternal-cord Pairs

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiely ◽  
Cogan ◽  
Kearney ◽  
Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Lipid Ratios

The concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids are lowered in umbilical cord blood plasma, which may have a negative effect on antioxidant protection in neonates. Smoking may adversely affect dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of carotenoids. The dietary intakes of vitamin E and beta-carotene were assessed in 66 pregnant women (31 smokers and 35 non-smokers) between 10 and 20 weeks gestation using a food frequency questionnaire. The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were measured in maternal plasma at the time of the dietary assessment, and in the matched umbilical cords of their newborn after delivery. In smoking and non-smoking mothers, the mean intakes of vitamin E (9.3 [SD 5] and 8.2 [SD 5] mgd–1) and beta-carotene (3464 [SD 1885] and 2977 [SD 1503] mugd–1) were not significantly different. The plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (20.8 [SD 4] and 20.5 [SD 4] mumolL–1), the alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.8] and 3.5 [SD 0.8]) and the plasma concentrations of beta-carotene (0.22 [SD 0.1] and 0.22 [SD 0.1] mumolL–1) were not significantly different in smoking and non-smoking mothers. There were no significant differences in plasma alpha-tocopherol (7.4 [SD 2] and 7.3 [SD 2] mumolL–1), in alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.6] and 2.8 [SD 0.6]) or in beta-carotene concentrations (0.05 [SD 0.04] and 0.03 [SD 0.02] mumolL–1) in cords from newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.41, P = 0.015) between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of beta-carotene in non-smoking mothers. However, this relationship was not significant in smoking mothers (r = 0.28, P = 0.12). There were no relationships between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherol. These results indicate that smoking during pregnancy does not appear to affect the dietary intakes or plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in pregnant women or their babies. However, smoking does influence the relationship between dietary intakes and plasma levels of beta-carotene.

scholarly journals Assessment of Iodine and Selenium Nutritional Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Latvia

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Vija Veisa ◽  
Ieva Kalere ◽  
Tatjana Zake ◽  
Ieva Strele ◽  
Marina Makrecka-Kuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

Background and Objectives: Adequate dietary intake of iodine and selenium is essential during pregnancy. While iodine is vital for maternal thyroid function and fetal development, selenium contributes to the regulation of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to assess the consumption of iodine- and selenium-containing products by women of reproductive age and the iodine and selenium nutritional status of pregnant women in Latvia. Materials and Methods: Population health survey (2010–2018) data were used to characterize dietary habits in women of reproductive age. Additionally, 129 pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited; they completed a questionnaire and were tested for thyroid function, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and serum selenium and selenoprotein P levels. Results: The use of some dietary sources of iodine (e.g., milk and dairy products) and selenium (e.g., bread) has decreased in recent years. Less than 10% of respondents reported the use of iodized salt. The use of supplements has become more common (reported by almost 50% of respondents in 2018). Dietary habits were similar in pregnant women, but the use of supplements was even higher (almost 70%). Nevertheless, most supplements used in pregnancy had insufficient contents of iodine and selenium. Thyroid function was euthyreotic in all women, but 13.9% of participants had a thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) level above 60 IU/mL. The median UIC (IQR) was 147.2 (90.0–248.1) μg/gCr, and 52.8% of pregnant women had a UIC below 150 μg/gCr. The mean selenium (SD) level was 101.5 (35.6) μg/L; 30.1% of women had a selenium level below 80 μg/L. The median selenoprotein P level was 6.9 (3.1–9.0) mg/L. Conclusions: Iodine nutrition in Latvian population of pregnant women was near the lower limit of adequate and a third of the population had a selenium deficiency. Supplements were frequently used, but most did not contain the recommended amounts of iodine and selenium.

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