scholarly journals SSR analysis of the genomic DNA of perspective Uzbek hexaploid winter wheat varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-639
Author(s):  
A. T. Adylova ◽  
G. K. Norbekov ◽  
E. E. Khurshut ◽  
E. V.  Nikitina ◽  
F. N. Kushanov
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Microsatellite Primer ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of hexaploid wheat varieties of Uzbekistan breeding using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. These varieties are adapted to local conditions, and can be considered as the most important supplier of genetic resources for cultivation in Uzbekistan and other countries. Microsatellite markers are now most widely used and effective classes of DNA markers for genotyping, certification and classification of plant varieties. In this paper, genotyping results of 32 hexaploid wheat domestic varieties using 144 microsatellite primer pairs are presented. Microsatellite primer pairs were chosen from literature data and 36 primer pairs (from 144) gave polymorphic well-reproducible PCR-fragments. The individual SSR spectra differing in number of amplicons were obtained for each variety. A total number of 141 alleles for 36 microsatellite loci were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 6, the mean number of alleles per locus (Na) was 3 alleles. For the studied genotypes group the effective number of alleles (ne) characterizing the loci by the allele frequency, varied from 1.7 to 4.8, the mean number of alleles per locus was 2.8. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0 to 0.792, averaging 0.626, in studied wheat population. The amplified fragment sizes ranged from 93 to 552 bp. The polymorphic index content (PIC) ranged from 0 to 0.758. A dendrogram was constructed using the alleles set of microsatellite loci, reflecting the phylogenetic differences of the studied hexaploid wheat varieties. It showed that Uzbekistan breeding varieties are divided into two main clusters, which may be evidence of their common origin.  A genetic formula has been developed for each Uzbek wheat variety. It can be used for identification, certification of these varieties, as well as for the selection of parental pairs in the wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Molecular Marker Associated with the Tan Spot Disease Response in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Pao Theen See ◽  
Caroline S. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Tan Spot Disease

After nearly 40 years of DNA molecular marker development in plant breeding, the wheat research community has amassed an extensive collection of molecular markers which have been widely and successfully used for selection of agronomic, physiological and disease resistance traits in wheat breeding programs. Tan spot is a major fungal disease of wheat and a significant global economic challenge and is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr). Here, the potential for using a PCR-based marker (Ta1AS3422) present on the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A, was evaluated for effectiveness in distinguishing tan spot disease susceptibility. The marker was initially screened against 40 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties, and those that amplified the marker had an overall lower disease score (2.8 ± 0.7 for seedlings and 2.4 ± 0.4 for plants at the tillering stage), compared to those lacking the marker which exhibited a higher disease score (3.6 ± 0.8 for both growth stages). The potential of Ta1AS3422 as a marker for the tan spot disease response was further assessed against a panel of 100 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties. A significant association was observed between marker absence/presence and tan spot disease rating (Pearson’s chi-squared test, χ2 (6) = 20.53, p = 0.002), with absence of Ta1AS3422 associated with susceptibility. This simple and cost-effective PCR-based marker may be useful for varietal improvement against tan spot, although further work is required to validate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Population structure of Chinese southwest wheat germplasms resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew using the DArT-seq technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqing Chen ◽  
Piyada Alisha Tantasawat ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xu Gao ◽  
Liyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group I ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Specific Allele ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Origins

ABSTRACT: Understanding genetic variability in existing wheat accessions is critical for collection, conservation and use of wheat germplasms. In this study, 138 Chinese southwest wheat accessions were investigated by genotyping using two resistance gene makers (Pm21 and Yr26) and DArT-seq technique. Finally, about 50% cultivars (lines) amplified the specific allele for the Yr26 gene (Gwm11) and 40.6% for the Pm21 gene (SCAR1265). By DArT-seq analysis, 30,485 markers (6486 SNPs and 23999 DArTs) were obtained with mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value 0.33 and 0.28 for DArT and SNP marker, respectively. The mean Dice genetic similarity coefficient (GS) was 0.72. Two consistent groups of wheat varieties were identified using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) at the level of both the chromosome 6AS and the whole-genome, respectively. Group I was composed of non-6VS/6AL translocation lines of different origins, while Group II was composed of 6VS/6AL translocation (T6VS/6AL) lines, most of which carried the Yr26 and Pm21 genes and originated from Guizhou. Besides, a model-based population structure analysis revealed extensive admixture and further divided these wheat accessions into six subgroups (SG1, SG2, SG3, SG4, SG5 and SG6), based on their origin, pedigree or disease resistance. This information is useful for wheat breeding in southwestern China and association mapping for disease resistance using these wheat germplasms in future.

scholarly journals MEAN-VARIANCE VERSUS MEAN–EXPECTED SHORTFALL MODELS: AN APPLICATION TO WHEAT VARIETY SELECTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNLAPATH SUKCHAROEN ◽  
DAVID LEATHAM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Measure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Expected Shortfall ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variance Model ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance

AbstractOne of the most popular risk management strategies for wheat producers is varietal diversification. Previous studies proposed a mean-variance model as a tool to optimally select wheat varieties. However, this study suggests that the mean–expected shortfall (ES) model (which is based on a downside risk measure) may be a better tool because variance is not a correct risk measure when the distribution of wheat variety yields is multivariate nonnormal. Results based on data from Texas Blacklands confirm our conjecture that the mean-ES framework performs better in term of selecting wheat varieties than the mean-variance method.

scholarly journals Yasenka’ is a new word in obtaining the ‘golden grain’ of durum wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
А. А. Mudrova ◽  
A. S. Yanovsky ◽  
L. А. Bespalova ◽  
А. N. Borovik
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the current study was to develop a new drought-resistant initial material, adapted to local conditions and spring durum wheat varieties on its basis. Due to the method of intraspecific hybridization and individual selection, there has been developed the spring durum wheat variety ‘Yasenka’ in the F5 hybrid combination obtained from crossing the varieties ‘Lilek x Nikolasha’. The developed variety is short-stemmed, middle maturing, resistant to drought and lodging. Its potential productivity is high, due to the maximum yield of 6.44 tons per hectare obtained in 2017 when sowing after peas. On average, over three years of competitive variety testing (2015–2017), its yield was 6.02 tons per hectare, which is higher than that of the varieties ‘Volnodonskaya’ on 1.08 and ‘Nikolasha’ on 0.40 tons per hectare. There has been found an advantage in terms of productivity over other varieties when sowing at a later date. Grain and pasta quality indicators are high. When evaluating grain according to the international standard ISO 21415-2, the variety ‘Yasenka’ showed a high Gluten Index (94) and a Minolta color index “b” (30), which corre- sponds to the world quality level. Under natural conditions, it is characterized by field resistance to the main leaf fungal diseases. Against the background of artificial infection, there has been established high resistance to head smut, powdery mildew and hard smut, resistance to septoria blotch and brown rust, moderate susceptibility to head blight. The variety has been included into the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2018 and it’s protected by the patent of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

Hybrid necrosis as a problem in handling hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Necrosis ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
Selection For

SummaryA tetraploid wheat breeding programme was initiated at the Plant Breeding Institute in 1970. Hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses were expected to contribute to the improvement of the tetraploid wheats but severe hybrid necrosis caused the death of the pentaploid Fxhybrid plants in most crosses. The genotypes of tetraploid wheat selections derived from crosses involving Rampton Rivet, a non-carrier of Neu were determined by test crossing to hexaploid wheat varieties which were known to carry the Neim allele. Similarly, hexaploid wheat selections which did not carry Ne2 were identified from crosses involving Maris Ranger by test crossing to durum selections which carried the Nef allele. By the careful choice of one parent, hexaploid x tetraploid wheat crosses were then made which avoided the hybrid necrosis problem. Segregation of the Ne% gene was as expected but selection for agronomic characters appeared to favour the retention of the dominant allele of the Ne1gene. Nevertheless, test crossing on a relatively small scale still identified many non-carriers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photosynthesis Capacity of Some Winter Wheat Genotypes in Transylvanian Plain Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ionuț RACZ ◽  
Rozalia KADAR ◽  
Diana HIRISCǍU ◽  
Marius BǍRDAŞ ◽  
Florin Dumitru BORA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
New Research ◽  
Photosynthesis Capacity

Leaf photosynthetic capacity is a key parameter determining crop yield; it is enhanced by moderate soil moisture and reduced in both severe water deficit and excessive water conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the wheat variety photosynthetic capacity in two main phenological stages. The evaluation of photosynthesis capacity of studied winter wheat varieties in Transylvanian Plain conditions offer relevant information on Romanian genetic material type and paving the way of new research directed to a new wheat breeding program criteria and for improvement of those.

scholarly journals How do eyespot resistance genes transferred into winter wheat breeding lines affect their yield?

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kwiatek ◽  
Halina Wiśniewska ◽  
Marek Korbas ◽  
Magdalena Gawłowska ◽  
Jolanta Belter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Eyespot Resistance ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Resistance Expression

Abstract Eyespot can reduce yields, even up to 50%. There are four genetically characterized resistances in wheat varieties, controlled by: (1) the Pch1 gene, transferred from Aegilops ventricosa; (2) the Pch2 gene, originating from wheat variety Capelle Desprez; (3) the Pch3 gene, originating from Dasypyrum villosum; and (4) the Q.Pch.jic-5A gene, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 5A of Capelle Desprez. However, those loci have drawbacks, such as linkage of Pch1 with deleterious traits and limited effectiveness of Pch2 against the disease. Here we present an initial study which aims to characterize wheat pre-registration breeding lines carrying 12 eyespot resistance genes, consider their resistance expression in inoculation tests and the influence of resistance genotypes on the yield. We selected four groups of breeding lines, carrying: (1) the Pch1 gene alone: one line; (2) the Pch2 gene alone: four lines; (3) the Q.Pch.jic-5A gene alone: one line; and (4) Pch1 + Q.Pch.jic-5A: three lines. For the first time, the effect of the combination of Pch1 and Q.Pch.jic-5A genes was compared with resistance conferred by Pch1 or Q.Pch.jic-5A alone. We found significant differences between infection scores evaluated in resistant lines carrying Pch1 and Q.Pch.jic-5A alone, while no differences in terms of the level of resistance expression were detected between Pch1 alone and Pch1 + Q.Pch.jic-5A, and between wheat lines carrying Pch1 and Pch2 alone. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Pch1 gene, together with an Ae. ventricosa segment, caused statistically significant yield losses, both as a single eyespot resistance source or in a combination with Q.Pch.jic-5A. Yield scores showed that wheat lines with Q.Pch.jic-5A had the highest yields, similar to the yielding potential of Pch2-bearing lines and control varieties.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of Indian wheat varieties and genetic stocks known for outstanding chapati quality characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar ◽  
V. S. Sohu ◽  
N. S. Bains
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Quantitative Nature

The aim of the present study was to evaluate set of wheat genotypes in one location for their agronomic performance and chapati quality. The cultivars included the tall traditional wheat of the pre-dwarfing era, which were known to excel for chapati quality. This set also included varieties known to have good chapati quality, commercially grown wheats, advanced lines and genetic stocks excelling in one or other quality attribute. All these genotypes developed for different component traits were evaluated along with the recently released high yielding varieties to assess their quality. The mean chapati score of these genotypes revealed that the tall varieties had a distinct edge over others and are the best resource available for this trait. C306 had a high mean chapati score of 8.17 followed by C518, C591 and C273. The released varieties WG357, HD2733 and PBW343 were intermediate in chapati quality whereas the genetic stocks WH1103 and WH712 had lowest score in the group. Among other agronomic traits recorded the traditional varieties were tall and had lower yields than the recently released varieties. The tall varieties had a slightly higher test weight. The environmental conditions and the quantitative nature of the chapati quality did not auger well with the set of genotypes tested however, better and stable performance of the tall traditional varieties. C306 the wheat variety released in 1965 for cultivation has remained the best quality genotype over the years and was also established from this study.

scholarly journals PSVII-1 Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the release of xylo-oligosaccharides from six varieties of wheat in-vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 360-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom N Dale ◽  
Tim Parr ◽  
Julie King ◽  
John Brameld
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The study objective was to investigate the effects of in-vitro fibrolytic enzyme incubation on xylooligosaccharide (XOS) release from different wheat varieties. Six varieties of wheat were ground to a 300µm powder and subjected to total non-cellulosic hydrolysis with Trifluroacetic acid (TFA) and in-vitro incubations with one of three commercially available enzymes at their recommended doses: Econase XT (xylanase 160,000 BXU/g), Econase MP1000 (Mannase 100,000 MNU/g) or Econase BP700 (ß-glucanase 700,000 BU/g) or no added enzymes. Each wheat variety was suspended (at 5mg/ml) in 50mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.2) with or without the individual enzymes (n = 3), and incubated at 40.7°C in a shaking incubator. Samples were taken at 0 and 6hr. Concentrations of xylose, xylobiose and xylotriose were determined by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography coupled with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection fitted with a CarboPac PA20 (xylose) or CarboPac PA200 Column (Dionex, Thermo Scientific) and known xylose and XOS standards (Megazyme, Ltd). Data were analysed by one or two-way ANOVA (Genstat 19th Edition), with significance accepted at P < 0.05. After TFA hydrolysis, there were significant differences between varieties (P < .001, ANOVA) in total xylose contents (Huntsman > Paragon > Chinese spring > Sinuelo > Highbury = Pavon 74). In the in-vitro incubations, there was a significant effect of enzyme, but not wheat variety, on both xylose (P = 0.009) and xylotriose (P < .001) release at 6 hours, with Econase XT releasing more than the other two enzymes. There was a significant enzyme x wheat variety interaction (P < .001) for xylobiose release at 6 hours, with Econase MP1000 releasing the most from Huntsman. In conclusion, the 6 wheat varieties differed in their non-cellulosic xylose contents and there were clear differences in the amounts of XOS released by the 3 enzymes. Further trials are needed to investigate whether the in-vitro experiments are indicative of results observed in-vivo.

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