scholarly journals Changes in growth, biochemical components and antioxidant genes expression in rice seedling (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar ‘IR64’ under salt stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pharmawati ◽  
I.M.A.S. Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Genes Expression

One of abiotic stresses that affects rice growth is salinity. Plant must develop adaptation process which includes morphological, biochemical and molecular changes. This research aimed to evaluate morpho-biochemical and molecular responses of rice ‘IR64’ to several levels of salinity stress at seedling stage. Seedlings of ‘IR64’ were grown in a hydroponic system and treated with different levels of salinity stress (4dSm-1, 6dSm-1, and 12dSm-1) for seven days. Responses were recorded on the final day of salt treatments. Gene expression analyses were done by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RNA was extracted using RNase plant mini kit (Qiagen) and cDNA was synthesized using GoSript™ Reverse Transcription System (Promega). Results showed that shoot height and fresh weight decreased under salt stress. At plants treated with salt, the chlorophyll contents were lower than that of control plants, while MDA levels were higher in salt treated plants. Semi-quantitative PCR for MnSOD1and cCu/ZnSOD1 revealed that MnSOD1 and cCu/ZnSOD1expressions increased under salt stress which indicated oxidative stress defence, with the highest expression at 4dSm-1and 6dSm-1 treatment, respectively.

scholarly journals Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8369
Author(s):  
Chintan Kapadia ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Hesham Ali El Enshasy ◽  
Harihar Vaidya ◽  
Deepshika Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Secondary Roots

Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals Overexpression of GSK3-like Kinase 5 (OsGSK5) in rice (Oryza sativa) enhances salinity tolerance in part via preferential carbon allocation to root starch

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysaya Thitisaksakul ◽  
Maria C. Arias ◽  
Shaoyun Dong ◽  
Diane M. Beckles
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Salt Shock ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Root Starch

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is very sensitive to soil salinity. To identify endogenous mechanisms that may help rice to better survive salt stress, we studied a rice GSK3-like isoform (OsGSK5), an orthologue of a Medicago GSK3 previously shown to enhance salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis by altering carbohydrate metabolism. We wanted to determine whether OsGSK5 functions similarly in rice. OsGSK5 was cloned and sequence, expression, evolutionary and functional analyses were conducted. OsGSK5 was expressed highest in rice seedling roots and was both salt and sugar starvation inducible in this tissue. A short-term salt-shock (150 mM) activated OsGSK5, whereas moderate (50 mM) salinity over the same period repressed the transcript. OsGSK5 response to salinity was due to an ionic effect since it was unaffected by polyethylene glycol. We engineered a rice line with 3.5-fold higher OsGSK5 transcript, which better tolerated cultivation on saline soils (EC = 8 and 10 dS m–2). This line produced more panicles and leaves, and a higher shoot biomass under high salt stress than the control genotypes. Whole-plant 14C-tracing and correlative analysis of OsGSK5 transcript with eco-physiological assessments pointed to the accelerated allocation of carbon to the root and its deposition as starch, as part of the tolerance mechanism.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Aroma Compound 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Thai Jasmine Rice (Oryza sativa) by Rhizobacteria under Salt Stress

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Kawiporn Chinachanta ◽  
Arawan Shutsrirung ◽  
Laetitia Herrmann ◽  
Didier Lesueur ◽  
Wasu Pathom-aree
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Aroma Compound ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Jasmine Rice

Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L. KDML105), particularly from inland salt-affected areas in Thailand, is both domestically and globally valued for its unique aroma and high grain quality. The key aroma compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), has undergone a gradual degradation due to anthropogenic soil salinization driven by excessive chemical input and climate change. Here, we propose a cheaper and an ecofriendly solution to improve the 2AP levels, based on the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In the present study, nine PGPR isolates from rice rhizosphere were investigated for the 2AP production in liquid culture and the promotion potential for 2AP content in KDML105 rice seedlings under four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). The inoculation of 2AP-producing rhizobacteria resulted in an increase in 2AP content in rice seedling leaves with the maximum enhancement from Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 at 50 mM NaCl (19.6 µg·kg−1), corresponding to a 90.2% increase as compared to the control. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the colonization of Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 in the roots of salinity-stressed KDML105 seedlings. Our results provide evidence that Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 could be a promising PGPR isolate in promoting aroma level of Thai jasmine rice KDML105 under salt stress.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Salt Stress in Seedlings of Black Glutinous Rice by Seed Priming with Spermidine and Gibberellic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitahnun CHUNTHABUREE ◽  
Jirawat SANITCHON ◽  
Wattana PATTANAGUL ◽  
Piyada THEERAKULPISUT
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

This study was carried out to elucidate the spermidine (Spd) and gibberellic acid (GA3) priming-induced physiological and biochemical changes responsible for induction of salinity tolerance in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, namely ‘Niewdam Gs. no. 00621’ (salt tolerant) and ‘KKU-LLR-039’ (salt sensitive). The seeds of the two cultivars were primed separately with distilled water, 1 mM Spd or 0.43 mM GA3. Primed seeds were germinated and the resultant seedlings were hydroponically grown for 14 days before being exposed to salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) for 10 days. Seed priming with Spd or GA3 slightly improved salt-induced reductions in growth, anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents of the seedlings. Salt stress induced pronounced increases in Na+/K+ ratio, proline and H2O2 contents, particularly in the sensitive cultivar. The levels of these salt-sensitivity physiological indicators tended to be mitigated by priming with Spd and GA3. Salt-stressed seedlings grown from seeds primed with these growth regulators also possessed higher phenolic contents and greater antioxidant capacity than the control seedlings. Based on all growth and physiological data, Spd tended to be more effective than A3 in improving salt tolerance in both rice cultivars.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

High-density linkage mapping for agronomic and physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under reproductive-stage salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmadizadeh ◽  
Nadali Babaeian-Jelodar ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Nadali Bagheri ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
High Density ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Physiological Traits

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Short-Term Salt-Stress Response in Mega Hybrid Rice Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Noushin Jahan ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Mengqiu Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Liangguang Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trait Locus

Salinity is a major abiotic stressor that leads to productivity losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, transcriptome profiling and heterosis-related genes were analyzed by ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) in seedlings of a mega rice hybrid, Liang-You-Pei-Jiu (LYP9), and its two parents 93–11 and Pei-ai64s (PA64s), under control and two different salinity levels, where we found 8292, 8037, and 631 salt-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Heterosis-related DEGs were obtained higher after 14 days of salt treatment than after 7 days. There were 631 and 4237 salt-induced DEGs related to heterosis under 7-day and 14-day salt stresses, respectively. Gene functional classification showed the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis activity after 7-day stress treatment, and in metabolic and catabolic activity after 14 days. In addition, we correlated the concurrence of an expression of DEGs for the bHLH transcription factor and a shoot length/salinity-related quantitative trait locus qSL7 that we fine-mapped previously, providing a confirmed case of heterosis-related genes. This experiment reveals the transcriptomic divergence of the rice F1 hybrid and its parental lines under control and salt stress state, and enlightens about the significant molecular mechanisms developed over time in response to salt stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Rice Plants Overexpressing PsGAPDH in Response to Salinity Stress

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Hyemin Lim ◽  
Hyunju Hwang ◽  
Taelim Kim ◽  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Hoyong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

In plants, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a main enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. It plays an essential role in glycerolipid metabolism and response to various stresses. To examine the function of PsGAPDH (Pleurotus sajor-caju GAPDH) in response to abiotic stress, we generated transgenic rice plants with single-copy/intergenic/homozygous overexpression PsGAPDH (PsGAPDH-OX) and investigated their responses to salinity stress. Seedling growth and germination rates of PsGAPDH-OX were significantly increased under salt stress conditions compared to those of the wild type. To elucidate the role of PsGAPDH-OX in salt stress tolerance of rice, an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was used to analyze transcriptome profiles of leaves under salt stress. Analysis results of sequencing data showed that 1124 transcripts were differentially expressed. Using the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analyses of DEGs such as Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that unigenes exhibiting differential expression were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. Interestingly, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes, of which expression was enhanced by abiotic stress, showed a significant difference in PsGAPDH-OX. Findings of this study suggest that PsGAPDH plays a role in the adaptation of rice plants to salt stress.

Silicon alleviates salt stress-induced potassium deficiency by promoting potassium uptake and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 258-259 ◽  
pp. 153379
Author(s):  
Guochao Yan ◽  
Xiaoping Fan ◽  
Wanning Zheng ◽  
Zixiang Gao ◽  
Chang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Potassium Uptake
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