Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Effect of Aegle marmelos and Andrographis paniculata in Aflatoxicosis of Broiler Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aneesh ◽  
A. J. George ◽  
B. Dhanush Krishna ◽  
M. J. Abraham ◽  
B. J. Kariyil
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Histological Appearance ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Background: Aflatoxins (AF) are a major threat in tropical and sub-tropical countries and causes aflatoxicosis in poultry. The deleterious effect of AF are minimised by the addition of various hepatoprotectants. Study was undertaken to find out the effect of Aegle marmelos and Andrographis paniculata on aflatoxicosis of broiler chicken. Methods: Forty eight day old broiler chicks were divided into eight groups and fed with diets: standard feed (T1), T1 with 100 ppb AF (T2), T1 with 0.1 per cent A. marmelos powder and 0.1 per cent A. paniculata powder (T3), T1 with 100ppb AF and 0.10 per cent A. marmelos powder (T4), T1 with 100ppb AF and 0.10 per cent A. paniculata powder (T5), T1 with 100 ppb AF and 0.20 per cent A. marmelos powder (T6), T1 with 100ppb AF and 0.20 per cent A. paniculata powder (T7) and T1 containing 100 ppb AF, 0.1 per cent A. marmelos powder and 0.1 per cent A. paniculata powder (T8). All the experimental birds were sacrificed on 21st day of the experiment. Result: Broiler chicks of T2 group showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation levels compared with other groups at 21st day of experiment. Liver of T2 group of birds revealed the presence of cytoplasmic vacuolations, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, focal accumulation of mononuclear cells and acinar pattern of parenchyma compared to normal histological appearance of T1 and T3 groups. Kidney of T2 birds revealed epithelial degeneration, mononuclear accumulation, desquamation of proximal convoluted tubule and vacuolation of distal convoluted tubule. The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect of both plant powders in aflatoxicosis was established.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Andrographis paniculata during Lead Induced Toxicity in Broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Ingole ◽  
A. S. Chandewar ◽  
M. V. Joshi ◽  
Madhuri Hedau ◽  
S W Hajare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

The effect of dietary lead exposure on immunomodulation of broilers and possible ameliorative effect of Andrographis paniculata were studied. One hundred broiler chicks were randomly divided into five equal groups of 20 each. Group T0 served as control while group T1, T2, T3 and T4 birds were provided commercial diet with lead acetate at the dose of 300 ppm in feed. Powder of dry leaves of Andrographis paniculata was mixed in the feed of group T2, T3 and T4 chicks at the dose of 2 gm, 3 gm and 4 gm/kg of feed respectively and fed for 4 weeks. Significant decrease in HI titres in T1 group and significant increase in T4 group suggested increased haemagglutination titre (HI) response. The maximum skin thickness and diameter on 24th and 48th hours was observed in control group birds (T0) and was comparable with T4 group. Microscopically spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricius revealed increase in lymphoid population in birds fed lead acetate along with Andrographis paniculata compared to T1 group. We concluded that Andrographis paniculata has immunomodulatory effect during lead toxicity in broilers.

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHIONINE AND LYSINE ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE AND BREAST MEAT YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. HICKLING ◽  
W. GUENTER ◽  
M. E. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Breast Meat Yield

An experiment was conducted with 3840 male Ross × Arbor Acres broiler chicks to test the effects of increasing dietary methionine and lysine on performance and breast meat yield. Supplemental methionine and lysine were fed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in both starter (0–3 wk) and finisher (3–6 wk) diets. Methionine was fed at levels of NRC and 112% NRC. Lysine was fed at levels of NRC and 106% NRC, 112% NRC and 118% NRC. Increasing dietary methionine increased weight gain (P < 0.01), feed efficiency (P < 0.01) from 3 to 6 wk, and breast meat yield (P < 0.01) at 6 wk. Increasing dietary lysine caused a curvilinear response in breast meat yield (P < 0.05). Key words: Broiler, lysine, methionine, breast meat

Ubiquinol supplementation on energy metabolism and oxidative stress in broiler chicken

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gopi ◽  
M. R. Purushothaman ◽  
R. Dhinesh Kumar ◽  
G. Prabakar ◽  
D. Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Altered Lipid

Study was carried out to assess supplemental effects of dietary reduced ubiquinol (rCoQ10) on lipid profile and serum antioxidant activity in broiler chicks fed diets with three energy levels. 270 broiler chicks divided into nine groups (3 energy levels x 3 levels of rCoQ10) with three replicates. Birds were fed with basal energy (BE), low energy (BE-100 (kcal)) and high energy (BE+100 (kcal.kg-1) feed) and rCoQ10 at 0, 20 and 40ppm. Broiler chicks were distributed in completely randomized design and reared for 42d and at end of study, serum and muscle samples were collected for antioxidant activities, lipid contents. The activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, vitamin E were increased and serum malonaldehyde, total, LDL-cholesterol as well as muscle cholesterol were reduced by intake of rCoQ10. The consumption of rCoQ10 improved muscle oxidative stability than the control. Ubiquinol at 20ppm favourably altered lipid profile with reduced lipid peroxidation and improved serum antioxidants activities.

Effects of microbial phytase and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the absorption of minerals from broiler chicken diets containing different levels of calcium

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Hilkat Aksakal ◽  
Tanay Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
The Other ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Utilisation Rate ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various calcium: total phosphorus (Ca:tP) ratios due to addition of microbial phytase and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] on the absorption levels of minerals. In a 42-day experiment repeated three times, 144 day-old male broiler chicks (ISA 220) were divided into six groups of eight chicks each. Diets containing two different (1:1 and 2:1) Ca levels were prepared. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received a diet of 1:1 Ca:tP ratio while Groups 4, 5 and 6 a diet of 1:2 Ca:tP ratio. These diets contained 1,25-(OH)2D3 and phytase in levels of 5 µg/kg and 600 FYT/kg, respectively. The faeces was collected to analyse the absorption of minerals. At the end of the study, the absorption levels of Ca, P, Zn, Mn and Cu were increased by the addition of phytase enzyme (p < 0.05). This effect was obvious in the 3rd week. On the other hand, in the 6th week only Ca and P absorption levels were influenced positively by the addition of phytase enzyme. The results proved the positive effect of phytase, an enzyme which is used for increasing the utilisation rate of phytate P, Ca and other minerals in broilers.

scholarly journals Effects on Productive Performance, Tibia Calcium and Phosphorous Retention, and Liver Enzymes Activity of Acidified and Alkalinized Diets in Broiler Chicken

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Nourmohammadi ◽  
Heshmatollah Khosravinia ◽  
Nazar Afzali ◽  
Milad Manafi
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Tibia Ash

AbstractA 35-day experiment was carried out to study the effects of acidified and alkalinized diets on zootechnical indices, tibial calcium and phosphorous retention, bone mineralization and liver enzymes activity using 250 Ross 308 male broiler chicks. Five treatments consisting of a control diet (CD), CD acidified using 10, 20 and 30 g/kg citric acid (CA) and CD alkalinized with Ca (OH)2 (8.9 g/kg in growth period and 8.6 g/kg in finisher period) were examined in 5 replicates of 10 birds each from day 7 up to day 42 of age. Inclusion of 30 g/kg CA significantly increased body weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed efficiency, tibia ash, tibia Ca content, at day 42 of age (P<0.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were elevated in the birds fed with the 30 g/kg CA-treated diet at day 42 of age (P<0.05). Alkalinized diet significantly reduced ADFI, tibia ash, tibial P and Ca contents, bone breaking strength and plasma Ca concentration (P<0.05). It was concluded that the diet acidified with 30 g/kg CA promoted productive performance and tibia mineralization in broiler chicken. Alkalinized diet suppressed growth performance of the birds perhaps through disrupted mineral absorption and altered liver enzymes activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Salmonella Vaccination of Breeder Chickens on Contamination of Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Integrated Poultry Operations

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (23) ◽  
pp. 7820-7825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda C. D�rea ◽  
Dana J. Cole ◽  
Charles Hofacre ◽  
Katherine Zamperini ◽  
Demetrius Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT While measures to control carcass contamination with Salmonella at the processing plant have been implemented with some success, on-farm interventions that reduce Salmonella prevalence in meat birds entering the processing plant have not translated well on a commercial scale. We determined the impact of Salmonella vaccination on commercial poultry operations by monitoring four vaccinated and four nonvaccinated breeder (parental) chicken flocks and comparing Salmonella prevalences in these flocks and their broiler, meat bird progeny. For one poultry company, their young breeders were vaccinated by using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine (Megan VAC-1) followed by a killed Salmonella bacterin consisting of S. enterica serovar Berta and S. enterica serovar Kentucky. The other participating poultry company did not vaccinate their breeders or broilers. The analysis revealed that vaccinated hens had a lower prevalence of Salmonella in the ceca (38.3% versus 64.2%; P < 0.001) and the reproductive tracts (14.22% versus 51.7%; P < 0.001). We also observed a lower Salmonella prevalence in broiler chicks (18.1% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001), acquired from vaccinated breeders, when placed at the broiler farms contracted with the poultry company. Broiler chicken farms populated with chicks from vaccinated breeders also tended to have fewer environmental samples containing Salmonella (14.4% versus 30.1%; P < 0.001). There was a lower Salmonella prevalence in broilers entering the processing plants (23.4% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001) for the poultry company that utilized this Salmonella vaccination program for its breeders. Investigation of other company-associated factors did not indicate that the difference between companies could be attributed to measures other than the vaccination program.

scholarly journals Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler fed raw and processed kenaf seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
O. M. Odetola ◽  
D. Eruvbetine ◽  
O. M. Onagbesan ◽  
O. O. Oduguwa ◽  
A. O. Owosibo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Kenaf Seed

Two hundred and forty (240), unsexed day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were used to evaluate the effects of replacing whole kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed meal (WKSM) with full fat soybean meal (FFSM) in the diets on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, consisting two processing methods (raw kenaf seed meal RKM and roasted kenaf seed meal HKM) and 4 inclusion levels (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). Both RKM and HKM were analysed for anti-nutritive factors, data were collected on performance, carcass characteristics and cost benefit. The results of anti-nutritive factors (ANF) in RKM and HKM revealed that HKM had lower values of 0.045%, 0.029mg/g and 0.013mg/g for tannin, oxalate and phytic acid respectively when compared to 0.078%,0.124mg/g and 0.026mg/g obtained for RKM (P<0.05). The performance of broiler chicken showed that birds on 10% RKM with an average weight gain and FCR of (2640.00g and 2.48) competed favourably with the control (2554.67g and 2.45). The results of carcass characteristics showed that birds on 10% and 20% inclusion levels had significantly (P<0.05) higher values of 64.25% and 65.58% for dressed weight respectively. In terms of weight gain and FCR, birds fed RKM performed better than birds fed roasted kenaf meal HKM. About 5% feed cost savings was made when WKSM was included in the diets of broilers. It was concluded that RKM and RKM can replace FFSB in broiler diets up to 10% without any detrimental effect on performance and carcass quality.

scholarly journals Relationship between T200 antigen expression and stages of B cell differentiation in resurgent hyperplasia of bone marrow

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Caldwell ◽  
WP Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
B Cell Precursors

Abstract Using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and dual-parameter flow cytometric techniques, bone marrow mononuclear cells (MMC) from patients with resurgent hyperplasia were analyzed for their coexpression of HLe-1 (T200) and antigens normally associated with particular stages of B cell differentiation. The marrow from those with resurgent hyperplasia contained increased numbers of B cell precursors in multiple stages of differentiation compared to controls, thus providing a useful model system for studies of B cell differentiation. These studies indicate that the quantitative expression of T200 is differentiation-related on normal and malignant B cells and B cell precursors. Immature cells express low amounts of T200, while increasing levels of maturity correlated with increasing amounts of the antigen. This study increases the understanding of relationships between B cell surface antigens and T200 and further demonstrates that B cell hyperplasia occurs commonly in association with bone marrow reactive or resurgent processes. The quantitative, rather than only the qualitative, expression of T200 is therefore a useful marker of B cell differentiation in reactive hyperplasia and in further investigation of B cell malignancy.

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