scholarly journals Effect of Salmonella Vaccination of Breeder Chickens on Contamination of Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Integrated Poultry Operations

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (23) ◽  
pp. 7820-7825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda C. D�rea ◽  
Dana J. Cole ◽  
Charles Hofacre ◽  
Katherine Zamperini ◽  
Demetrius Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT While measures to control carcass contamination with Salmonella at the processing plant have been implemented with some success, on-farm interventions that reduce Salmonella prevalence in meat birds entering the processing plant have not translated well on a commercial scale. We determined the impact of Salmonella vaccination on commercial poultry operations by monitoring four vaccinated and four nonvaccinated breeder (parental) chicken flocks and comparing Salmonella prevalences in these flocks and their broiler, meat bird progeny. For one poultry company, their young breeders were vaccinated by using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine (Megan VAC-1) followed by a killed Salmonella bacterin consisting of S. enterica serovar Berta and S. enterica serovar Kentucky. The other participating poultry company did not vaccinate their breeders or broilers. The analysis revealed that vaccinated hens had a lower prevalence of Salmonella in the ceca (38.3% versus 64.2%; P < 0.001) and the reproductive tracts (14.22% versus 51.7%; P < 0.001). We also observed a lower Salmonella prevalence in broiler chicks (18.1% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001), acquired from vaccinated breeders, when placed at the broiler farms contracted with the poultry company. Broiler chicken farms populated with chicks from vaccinated breeders also tended to have fewer environmental samples containing Salmonella (14.4% versus 30.1%; P < 0.001). There was a lower Salmonella prevalence in broilers entering the processing plants (23.4% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001) for the poultry company that utilized this Salmonella vaccination program for its breeders. Investigation of other company-associated factors did not indicate that the difference between companies could be attributed to measures other than the vaccination program.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Broilers at the Abattoir, Processing Plant, and Retail Level

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 994-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA K. MIETTINEN ◽  
LIISA PALMU ◽  
K. JOHANNA BJÖRKROTH ◽  
HANNU KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Processing Plants

The environment and products from two broiler abattoirs and processing plants and raw broiler pieces at the retail level were sampled for Listeria monocytogenes in order to evaluate the contamination level of the broiler carcasses and products. Sampling started in the slaughtering process and finished with raw broiler meat or ready-to-eat cooked product. Sampling sites positive for L. monocytogenes at the broiler abattoir were the air chiller, the skin-removing machine, and the conveyor belt leading to the packaging area. The L. monocytogenes contamination rate varied from 1 to 19% between the two plants studied. Furthermore, 62% (38 of 61) of the raw broiler pieces, bought from retail stores, were positive for L. monocytogenes. Altogether, 136 L. monocytogenes isolates were obtained for serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) characterization performed with two rare-cutting enzymes (ApaI and AscI). Altogether three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2c, and 4b) and 14 different PFGE types were obtained using information provided from both ApaI and AscI patterns for discrimination basis. The two broiler abattoirs studied did not share the same PFGE types. However, the same PFGE types found in the raw broiler pieces at the retail level were also found in the broiler abattoirs where the broilers had been slaughtered.

Taking the stress out of transport - indices of physiological stress in transit

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 42-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Mitchell ◽  
P.J. Kettlewell
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Uk ◽  
In Transit

Currently, in excess of 650 million broiler chickens are produced per annum in the UK.The rearing of these animals on large numbers of geographically dispered sites necessitates their transportation to centralised processing plants for slaughter. Birds are transported in containers in which behaviour, including any thermoregulatory component, will be restricted. The design of the container and the vehicle and the external climatic conditions will have profound effects upon the immediate environment of the birds. In transit they may be exposed to a variety of potential stressors including the thermal demands of this transport microenvironment, motion, acceleration, vibration, impacts, fasting, withdrawal of water, social disruption and noise. The adverse effects of these factors and their combinations may range from discomfort and mild aversion to death. Mortalities in transit are generally 0.4% or less but this may represent approximately 2 million birds per annum in the UK. It is estimated that up to 40% of the mortalities observed at the processing plant are a consequence of “stress”. It is thus essential from the standpoints of both animal welfare and productivity to optimise commercial poultry transport conditions and to provide the sound scientific basis for legislation relating to vehicles and transport practices. Although examination of the existing literature reveals that thermal stress is acknowledged as a major hazard during animal transportation it has been poorly characterised under practical conditions and the interactions between the animals and the complex thermal microenvironments clearly require more rigorous analyses.

SIMULATION OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS OF DUST AND GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE DURING BLASTING OPERATIONS IN THE QUARRIES OF MINING AND PROCESSING PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алла Звягинцева ◽  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Светлана Сазонова ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
В. Кульнева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Fugitive Emissions ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The issues of the impact of harmful emissions from technological processes and productions in a mining and processing plant are considered. Investigations of the sources of the formation of poisonous twisted gases and dust in the atmosphere of the quarry were carried out The quantitative and qualitative composition of dust and gas emissions emitted during blasting operations is considered. The simulation of fugitive emissions of substances into the atmosphere with the definition of the main parameters of emissions during explosions. Based on the analysis of the calculations, it was revealed that the concentration of harmful substances in emissions is many times higher than the MPC, which creates a critical situation in the working areas of the plant. A comparative analysis of the project of limit-permissible emissions into the atmosphere and actual emissions at JSC Lebedinsky GOK was performed.

The Impact of Commercial Processing Procedures on the Bacterial Contamination and Cross-Contamination of Broiler Carcasses

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. LILLARD
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Processing ◽  
The Impact

Levels of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and the incidence of Salmonella were determined at six sampling points in a commercial processing plant: (1) pre-scald (at bleed line); (2) post-scald; (3) post-pick (4) post-evisceration; (5) pre-chill (after the final washer); and, (6) post-chill. The level of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae on broiler carcasses was reduced significantly by commercial processing procedures, but cross-contamination still occurred. There was no increase in Salmonella incidence on carcasses from the five sampling points starting with the kill line through the final washer. There was a significant increase in Salmonella incidence on carcasses exiting the immersion chiller, indicating that this may be the point of most significant cross-contamination in broiler processing plants.

scholarly journals Decline in Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness With Vaccination Program Maturation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
George N Okoli ◽  
Florentin Racovitan ◽  
Tiba Abdulwahid ◽  
Syed K Hyder ◽  
Louise Lansbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that repeated influenza vaccination may reduce vaccine effectiveness (VE). Using influenza vaccination program maturation (PM; number of years since program inception) as a proxy for population-level repeated vaccination, we assessed the impact on pooled adjusted end-season VE estimates from outpatient test-negative design studies. Methods We systematically searched and selected full-text publications from January 2011 to February 2020 (PROSPERO: CRD42017064595). We obtained influenza vaccination program inception year for each country and calculated PM as the difference between the year of deployment and year of program inception. We categorized PM into halves (cut at the median), tertiles, and quartiles and calculated pooled VE using an inverse-variance random-effects model. The primary outcome was pooled VE against all influenza. Results We included 72 articles from 11 931 citations. Across the 3 categorizations of PM, a lower pooled VE against all influenza for all patients was observed with PM. Substantially higher reductions were observed in older adults (≥65 years). We observed similar results for A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and influenza B. Conclusions The evidence suggests that influenza VE declines with vaccination PM. This study forms the basis for further discussions and examinations of the potential impact of vaccination PM on seasonal VE.

Impact of Intervention Strategies on Listeria Contamination Patterns in Crawfish Processing Plants: A Longitudinal Study†

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA R. LAPPI ◽  
JOANNE THIMOTHE ◽  
JONATHAN WALKER ◽  
JON BELL ◽  
KENNETH GALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Employee Training ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Two ready-to-eat crawfish processing plants were monitored for 2 years to study the impact of Listeria control strategies, including employee training and targeted sanitation procedures, on Listeria contamination. Environmental, raw material, and finished product samples were collected weekly during the main processing months (April to June) and tested for Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Before implementation of control strategies (year 1), the two processing plants showed Listeria spp. prevalences of 29.5% (n = 78) in raw, whole crawfish, 5.2% (n = 155) in the processing plant environment, and 0% (n = 78) in finished products. In year 2, after plant-specific Listeria control strategies were implemented, Listeria spp. prevalence increased in raw crawfish (57.5%, n = 101), in the processing plant environment (10.8%, n = 204), and in the finished product (1.0%, n = 102). Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in Listeria spp. prevalence (P &lt; 0.0001) and a borderline nonsignificant increase in L. monocytogenes prevalence (P = 0.097) on raw material in year 2. Borderline nonsignificant increases were also observed for Listeria spp. prevalence in environmental samples (P = 0.082). Our data showed that Listeria spp. prevalence in raw crawfish can vary significantly among seasons. However, the increased contamination prevalence for raw materials only resulted in a limited Listeria prevalence increase for the processing plant environment with extremely low levels of finished product contamination. Heat treatment of raw materials combined with Listeria control strategies to prevent cross-contamination thus appears to be effective in achieving low levels of finished product contamination, even with Listeria spp. prevalences for raw crawfish of more than 50%.

scholarly journals The Influence of Welfare Training on Bird Welfare and Carcass Quality in Two Commercial Poultry Primary Processing Plants

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Ellie Wigham ◽  
Andrew Grist ◽  
Siobhan Mullan ◽  
Stephen Wotton ◽  
Andrew Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Welfare Measures

The number of broilers slaughtered globally is increasing. Ensuring acceptable welfare conditions for birds at the time of slaughter is paramount in meeting legislative and retailer specifications, and in producing high quality meat. There is knowledge that welfare training programs for members of the farming and red meat slaughter industry can improve animal welfare measures and product quality, however there is little evidence of the effects of welfare training in poultry processing plants. In our study, a comprehensive welfare training program was introduced to a Costa Rican and a British commercial broiler primary processing plant, both of which slaughter birds by way of neck cut post electrical water bath stunning. The effects of this program on some welfare and product quality measures were investigated, both immediately and six months post training. The welfare measures that showed significant improvements post training included; flapping at shackling, pre-stun shocks, stun parameters and effective neck cut. Product quality measures including broken wings and red pygostyles also improved, however the positive effect of training was not seen in all quality measures. Welfare training does have the potential to improve broiler welfare and product quality at slaughter, and these data could help the development and targeting of future welfare training courses and encourage the uptake of welfare training in the poultry slaughter industry.

scholarly journals Utilization of Cassava Roots as a Source of Energy in Broiler Chicken feed and its effects on Blood chemistry and Digestibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using different levels of cassava roots as a source of energy in diets of broiler chicken and its effects on blood chemistry and digestibility. The experiment was conducted in Kenana Poultry Farm for Research and Development. Complete Randomized Design was used. A total of 160, unsexed one- day old (Ross308) broiler chicks were randomly divided into four dietary treatments. The treatments contain 0%, 15%, 25% and 40 % cassava roots of the total rations. Each treatment was sub-divided into four replicates: with each having 10 experimental birds. All diets were formulated according to (NRC) to meet the nutrient requirements of the broiler chickens. The results revealed that all parameters value of blood chemistry (Calcium, Phosphorus, Albumin, Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Total protein) was not affected significantly (P≥0.05) by the usage cassava roots in diets fed to broiler chickens throughout the experimental period, except for Glucose. The hematological parameters were not affected by dietary treatments of cassava roots. The parameters of digestibility in obtained results were significantly affected by the using of cassava roots in diets fed to broiler chickens in fat and crude protein digestibility which was higher (p≤0.05) in group received 25% cassava roots. However, there was no significant (P≥0.05) difference in feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Research paperSalmonella contamination of broiler chicken carcasses at critical steps of the slaughter process and in the environment of two slaughter plants: Prevalence, genetic profiles and association with the final carcass status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selmane Boubendir ◽  
Julie Arsenault ◽  
Sylvain Quessy ◽  
Alexandre Thibodeau ◽  
Philippe Fravalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
The Impact

Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen commonly associated with poultry products. The aims of this work were to 1) estimate the impact of critical steps of the slaughter process on Salmonella detection from broiler chicken carcasses in two commercial poultry slaughter plants in Quebec, Canada, 2) investigate the presence of the pathogen in the slaughter plant environment, 3) describe, using a high resolution melting (HRM) approach, the HRM Salmonella profiles and serotypes present on carcasses and in the slaughter plant environment and 4) evaluate if the HRM flock status after chilling could be predicted by the flock status at previous steps of the slaughter process, or by the status of previous flocks, or by the status of the processing environment, for a same HRM profile. Eight visits were conducted in each slaughter plant over a 6-month period. A total of 379 carcass rinsates from 79 flocks were collected at 5 critical steps of the slaughter process. Environmental samples were also collected from seven critical sites in each slaughter plant. The bleeding step was the most contaminated with &gt;92% of positive carcasses. A decrease of the contamination along the slaughtering process was noted, with carcasses sampled after dry-air chilling showing ?2.5% Salmonella prevalence. The most frequently isolated serotypes were S. Heidelberg, S. Kentucky and S. Schwarzengrund. The detection of the S. Heidelberg 1-1-1 HRM profile on carcasses after chilling was significantly associated with its detection at previous steps of the slaughter process and in previously slaughtered flocks during a same sampling day. Results highlight the importance of the chilling step in the control of Salmonella on broiler chicken carcasses and the need to further describe and compare the competitive advantage of Salmonella serotypes to survive processing. The current study also illustrates the usefulness of HRM typing in investigating Salmonella contamination along the slaughter process.

Effect of feeding a commercial ammonia binding product De-Odorase™ on broiler chicken performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lazarevic ◽  
R. Resanovic ◽  
I. Vucicevic ◽  
A. Kocher ◽  
C.A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Yucca Schidigera ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Gait Score ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SummaryAmmonia production in commercial poultry sheds poses a problem for farmers as high levels can affect animal's respiratory health, resulting in hock and foot pad lesions and thereby affecting performance. A study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of whole, chopped and dried Yucca schidigera (De-Odorase™, Alltech Inc, USA) to reduce ammonia excretion from broilers and investigate the impact on broiler performance. Nine hundred and two, one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to one of two diets, without (control) or supplemented with 500 g/t De-Odorase™. Birds fed the treatment diet had significantly higher body weight (P < 0.05) at 42 d and improved FCR (P < 0.05). Significant reductions in ammonia from litter were reported at 37 and 42 days old (P < 0.05 and P < 0.1, respectively). No significant differences were seen in foot pad, gait score, feather score or carcass data; although the birds fed De-Odorase™ had consistent numerical improvements in these parameters. The results of this study suggest that feeding whole, chopped and dried Yucca schidigera as a functional ingredient in the diet can be part of an ammonia management programme to improve broiler welfare and zootechnical performance.

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