scholarly journals ​Integrated Management Protocol for Bacterial Wilt Disease of Tomato in Ralstonia solanacearum Affected Soils in Kerala State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Ajayasree ◽  
P.S. Kurian ◽  
C.R. Rashmi ◽  
K. Anita Cherian
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Bleaching Powder ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Kerala State

Background: Management of bacterial wilt of tomato in Ralstonia solanacearum affected soils is a major issue in tomato cultivation in different agro-ecological regions in Kerala state which affects the production and productivity of the crop. To develop a suitable management protocol for this disease, the field experiments were conducted during 2019 and 2020 in a bacterial wilt-sick field at Kerala agricultural university, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Methods: Twelve different treatments viz. soil application of bleaching powder, soil test based lime application, streptocycline root dip, drenching of copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride at different doses, seed treatment and seedling dip with Pseudomonas fluorescens, drenching of Pseudomonas fluorescens, planting grafted seedlings and different integrations and combinations of the above treatments were assessed for the management of bacterial wilt. Result: The majority of integrations were superior over individual treatments. The higher yield with less disease incidence was obtained from the integration of soil treatment of bleaching powder (15 kg/ha) + soil test based lime application + streptocycline (@ 2 g/10 L) root dip + drenching of copper oxychloride (@ 0.3%) and therefore, this integration protocol is recommended for management of bacterial wilt of tomato in wilt affected soils in Kerala state.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens dalam pengendalian hayati Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu bakteri pada tomat

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/2305 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Dian Eka Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Type Test ◽  
Important Disease

Salah satu penyakit penting pada produksi tomat di Indonesia adalah layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum. Alternatif untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri adalah dengan menggunakan Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens dalam mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan R. solanacearum serta mekanisme penghambatannya. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 tahap, yaitu perbanyakan inokulum R. solanacearum, uji virulensi dan uji hipersensitif  R. solanacearum, uji antagonis B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens terhadap R. solanacearum pada media agar, uji jenis antibiosis, penelitian di rumah kaca, dan analisis total fenol. Hasil penelitian uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens memiliki potensi menghambat R. solanacearum dengan tipe antibiosis bakteriostatik. Hasil analisis kadar fenol menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan total fenol secara signifikan pada tanaman tomat yang diaplikasikan isolat B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5 dan P. fluorescens UB-PF6. Penelitian di rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa semua tanaman tomat yang diaplikasikan agens hayati mengalami penundaan masa inkubasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Isolat B. subtilis UB-ABS2, B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5 dan P. fluorescens UB-PF6 secara signifikan menekan kejadian penyakit layu bakteri berturut-turut 50%, 30%, 60%, dan 60%. B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan layu bakteri pada tomat yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum. One of important disease that infects tomato production in Indonesia is bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Alternative on controlling bacterial wilt is using Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Goal of the research was to find out ability of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens to control R. Solanacearum and mechanism of the inhibition. This research divided into 5 stages, i.e. propagation of R. solanacearum, virulence and hypersensitive tests of R. Solanacearum, antagonist test of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens against R. solanacearum on agar medium, antibiosis type test, research in greenhouse, and total phenol analysis. The result showed that all isolates of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens have potential to inhibite R. solanacearum by bacteriostatic antibiosis type. The total phenol level showed significant increase of phenol on tomato along with the application of isolates B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5 and P. fluorescens UB-PF6. Research in the greenhouse showed that all tomatoes, which had been given bioagent, did delay on the incubation than the control. Isolates of B. subtilis UB-ABS2, B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5, and P. fluorescens UB-PF6 had significantly inhibited the bacterial wilt disease 50%, 30%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. Therefore, B. subtilis and P. fluorescens can be used to control bacterial wilt diseases on tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Negatively Affect the Yield of Grafted Tomatoes in Fields Infested with Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Kunwar ◽  
Mathews L. Paret ◽  
Joshua H. Freeman ◽  
Laura Ritchie ◽  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Three field experiments were conducted in Florida from 2012-2014 to assess the impact of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a systemic acquired-resistance inducer, applied as foliar spray or through drip-irrigation lines, on bacterial wilt incidence and yield of grafted tomatoes. The experiments were conducted in a field with race 1, biovar 1 strain of Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of tomato bacterial wilt. In all three experiments, the susceptible tomato variety BHN 602, grafted onto a resistant rootstock BHN 998, was compared with nongrafted BHN 602, treated with or without foliar applications of ASM and with grafted plants treated with foliar applications of ASM. In two experiments, an additional treatment of drip applications of ASM on grafted and nongrafted plants was evaluated. Grafting alone or in combination with drip applications of ASM (178.6 μM) significantly reduced disease incidence and increased total marketable yield relative to nongrafted treatments. There were no significant differences between grafted plants with or without drip ASM applications in terms of bacterial wilt incidence or total marketable yield. However, we demonstrate for the first time that foliar ASM applications on grafted plants negatively affects the total marketable yield compared with drip ASM applications on grafted plants or nontreated grafted control.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS Pseudomonas fluorescens TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) PADA TANAMAN KACANG TANAH

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Yadi Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Effectiveness of Pseudomonas fluorescens against groundnut bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). The experiment was conducted to study effectiveness of Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) soil drenching application against groundnut bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) suppression. Results showed that PF applications gave significant effect to reduce wilt incidence. The lowest wilt incidence (7.17%) was obtained by three times periodically soil drenching of the growing plant (1 day before planting, 15 days after planting and 30 days after planting) with PF (107 cfu/ml) suspensions. PF applications showed no significant effect on plant height which ranging from 13,07 cm - 15,60 cm.  In addition, PF applications showed wet  root and pod weight ranging from  0,35 g – 0,83 g and  7,13 g – 9,13 g, respectively which significantly different compared with untreated PF application.

scholarly journals Foliage Spraying Molybdenum Promotes Plant Growth and Controls Soilborne Ralstonia solanacearum in Different Tobacco Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen J ◽  
◽  
Zheng S ◽  
Du G ◽  
Ding W ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Mechanisms

Tobacco growing is greatly threatened by the devastating bacterial wilt disease caused by soil-borne bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum). Balanced plant nutrition has become effective strategy for crop disease management. In this study, we firstly conducted greenhouse and field experiments to investigate the effects of Molybdenum (Mo), acting as a foliar fertilizer, on tobacco plant growth and bacterial wilt control. A susceptible variety (Yunyan 87) and a moderately resistant cultivar (Nanjiang 3) were used in this study. Under greenhouse condition, the results demonstrated that the disease incidence in the Mo-treated plants decreased to 41.7% (Yunyan 87) and 44.4% (Nanjiang 3) compared with that of non-Mo-treated plants. The control mechanisms are related to the reduced bacteria colonializations in tobacco and improvement of defense enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonialyase. Malondialdehyde levels halved after 200mg/L Mo treatment compared to the control group. The field experiment results also showed that supplements of 200mg/L Mo significantly decreased the disease incidence by 30.3% and 33.9%, respectively. Moreover, foliar application of Mo increased plant growth under both growth conditions, promoting leaf and root development. Mo was taken up by tobacco leaves, but the content decreased during the growth of plants. Mo application could provide an alternative strategy for efficient management of tobacco bacterial wilt, even in crops other than tobacco, especially in Modeficient planting regions, which would have a great impact on agriculture and favor sustainable agriculture development.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Detection of Antibacterial Antibiotics from Pseudomonas fluorescens (TNAU PF1) and Their Effect on Bacterial Wilt Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (KK2)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shiva Nagendran ◽  
Paranidharan Vaikuntavasan ◽  
Karthikeyan Muthusamy ◽  
Balachandar Dananjeyan ◽  
Balasubramani Venkatasamy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chromatographic Detection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Bacterial wilt of tomato is a devastating disease incited by Ralstonia solanacearum (KK2) causing heavy yield loss in India. The antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescens (TNAU PF1) was characterized for antibacterial ability against the bacterial wilt pathogen. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) identified six distinct antibiotics in crude metabolite of TNAU PF1 strain. The crude antibiotics and the antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and Phenazine of TNAU PF1 showed best in vitro antibacterial activity against the bacterial wilt pathogen R. solanacearum. The ability of crude antibiotics in inhibiting Ralstonia colonies was higher than the individual antibiotics (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and Phenazine) under in vitro. Further, GC-MS analysis of the semi-purified crude extract of Pseudomonas fluorescens (TNAU PF1) identified six antibacterial compounds viz., Phloroglucinol dimethyl ether, Patulin, Hemipyocyanin, Phthalic acid, butyl 2-pentyl ester, Phenazine and 1-Phenazinecarboxylic acid that would be synergistically inhibited the colony multiplication of the pathogen. The study emphasized the antagonistic activity of the Pseudomonas fluorescens (TNAU PF1) for the management of bacterial wilt disease.

scholarly journals Caffeic Acid in Tobacco Root Exudate Defends Tobacco Plants From Infection by Ralstonia solanacearum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shili Li ◽  
Jing Pi ◽  
Hongjiang Zhu ◽  
Liang Yang ◽  
Xingguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Highly Active

In rhizospheres, chemical barrier-forming natural compounds play a key role in preventing pathogenic bacteria from infecting plant roots. Here, we sought to identify specific phenolic exudates in tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) plants infected by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum that may exhibit antibacterial activity and promote plant resistance against pathogens. Among detected phenolic acids, only caffeic acid was significantly induced in infected plants by R. solanacearum relative to healthy plants, and the concentration of caffeic acid reached 1.95 μg/mL. In vivo, caffeic acid at 200 μg/mL was highly active against R. solanacearum and obviously damaged the membrane structure of the R. solanacearum cells, resulting in the thinning of the cell membrane and irregular cavities in cells. Moreover, caffeic acid significantly inhibited biofilm formation by repressing the expression of the lecM and epsE genes. In vitro, caffeic acid could effectively activate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) and promote the accumulation of lignin and hydroxyproline. In pot and field experiments, exogenous applications of caffeic acid significantly reduced and delayed the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt. Taken together, all these results suggest that caffeic acid played a crucial role in defending against R. solanacearum infection and was a potential and effective antibacterial agent for controlling bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Application of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Enhances Host Resistance in Tomato Against Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 989-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Pradhanang ◽  
P. Ji ◽  
M. T. Momol ◽  
S. M. Olson ◽  
J. L. Mayfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Wilt Incidence

The chemical elicitor acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM; Actigard 50 WG), which induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR), was investigated to determine the effect on bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on moderately resistant cultivars under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse experiments, ASM was applied as foliar spray and/or soil drench (3 μg/ml) before and as foliar spray (30 μg/ml) after transplanting. The chemical elicitor was ineffective in reducing bacterial wilt incidence on susceptible tomato cultivars Equinox and FL 47 when plants were inoculated with R. solanacearum. However, greenhouse studies indicated that ASM significantly enhanced resistance in cultivars with moderate resistance to bacterial wilt such as Neptune and BHN 466. It appeared that ASM-mediated resistance was partially due to prevention of internal spread of R. solanacearum toward upper stem tissues of tomato plants. The effect of ASM on moderately resistant cultivars was consistent in field experiments conducted in 2002 and 2003 in Quincy, FL, where bacterial wilt incidence was significantly reduced in ASM-treated BHN 466 (in 2002), FL 7514 (in 2003), and Neptune (both years) plants. ASM-treated BHN 466 and FL 7514 produced significantly higher tomato yield than the untreated controls. This is the first report of ASM-mediated control of bacterial wilt under field conditions, which suggests that use of this treatment for moderately resistant genotypes may be effective for control of bacterial wilt of tomato.

scholarly journals Association between Soil Acidity and Bacterial Wilt Occurrence in Potato Production in Ethiopia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Tafesse ◽  
Ciska Braam ◽  
Barbara van Mierlo ◽  
Berga Lemaga ◽  
Paul C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Soil acidity is one of the main constraints to crop production worldwide. In Ethiopia, the problem of soil acidity has been increasing. Currently, more than 40% of cultivated land in the country has a soil pH < 5.5. Recently, bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) has become a serious problem, reaching epidemic levels in some of the major potato growing districts in the country. However, it is currently unknown if the current outbreak of bacterial wilt in potato production is associated with soil acidification or not. To examine the association between bacterial wilt and soil acidification, we conducted a field survey and field experiments and detected and characterised R. solanacearum strains. The study showed that 50% of potato fields were very strongly acidic (pH 4.5–5.0) and bacterial wilt incidence was higher in potato fields with low soil pH. The field experiments indicated that lime application significantly increased soil pH (p < 0.001) and reduced bacterial wilt incidence (p < 0.001). The more lime was applied, the stronger the positive effect on soil pH and the stronger the reduction in bacterial wilt incidence. Bacterial wilt incidence was on average 10.8% under 12 t/ha lime application, while it was about 40% in control plots (without lime) after 90 days. All R. solanacearum strains isolated from the symptomatic potato plants were Phylotype II. Our findings show that the current outbreak of bacterial wilt in Ethiopia is associated with soil acidification. They add to the understanding of the risk factors for bacterial wilt in potato. Aside from farm hygiene, sanitation and cultural practices, addressing soil acidification using lime needs to be considered as an additional component of an integrated package to deal with bacterial wilt in potato under acidic soil conditions.

PERBANDINGAN DAYA HAMBAT BAKTERI Pseudomonas fluorescens ASAL TOMAT, KEDELAI, DAN JAGUNG TERHADAP Ralstonia solanacearum SECARA IN VITRO

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aco Roni Kirihio ◽  
Ivonne Fitria Mariay ◽  
Cipta Meliala
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<em>Inhibition of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates the origin of tomato, soybean and corn against Ralstonia solanacearum tested using a completely randomized design (CRD).        P. fluorescens growth was measured at King's B medium by way of suspension antagonist put on filter paper of 0.5 cm in diameter. Inhibition of P. fluorescens is done by placing the antagonist suspension of 0.5 cm diameter filter paper on NA media that has been deployed R. solanacearum. The results showed that: (a) the growth of P. fluorescens origin of tomato, soybean and corn on King's B media were not significantly different, (b) the inhibition of P. fluorescens isolates against R. solanacearum not significantly different and, (c) the inhibition of isolates P. fluorescens origin of tomato, soybean and corn against R. solanacearum in vitro relatively strong</em>

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