Identification of Highly Polymorphic Molecular Markers and Potential Genotypes for Harnessing Chickpea Breeding Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Ashwani Yadav ◽  
Renu Yadav ◽  
J. P. Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Allele Mining ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Stms Markers

Background: STMS markers and morphological traits were used to investigate the genetic relationship and allelic diversity in chickpea. In this study, we focused on the selection and more efficient utilization of core germplasm in breeding programs for chickpea crop improvement using STMS and quantitative / morphological traits. Methods: Seeds of elite accessions of chickpea were obtained from ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. 50 STMS markers and 11 quantitative traits were used for exploring the genetic variability and relationship in 35 chickpea accessions. Result: A total of 97 alleles were produced out of the 32 polymorphic STMS loci with an average of 3.03 alleles per locus ranging between 2-6 alleles per primer. The PIC value ranged from 0.029 to 0.768 with an average of 0.502. PIC value showed a highly positive correlation (r = 0.718) with number of alleles at the STMS loci. In both molecular and morphological markers / traits-based clustering, out of 35 chickpea accessions only one accession ICC-13892 was isolated at the end of clustering. The results indicated that highly polymorphic microsatellite markers NCPGR 68, NCPGR 50, NCPGR 81, NCPGR 48 and NCPGR 77 along with the accessions ICC-13892 having distant associations with ICC-13816, ICC-15697, ICC-15610, ICC-15868, ICC-15888, ICC-15996 with novel findings should be useful resources for strategies of allele mining, association genetics, mapping and cloning of gene(s) and in applied breeding to broaden the genetic base of chickpea.

scholarly journals DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversities in some Bangladeshi aus rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
HA Begum ◽  
MS Ali ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
S Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chord Distance ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity

The allelic diversity and relationship among 120 Aus rice landraces were determined through DNA fingerprinting using microsatellite (SSR) markers. A total of 85 SSR markers were used to characterize and discriminate all tested Aus rice genotypes, 45 of which were polymorphic for different chromosome numbers. The number of alleles per locus varied from 6 alleles (RM484 and RM541) to 30 alleles (RM519) with an average of 13 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied ranged from 0.5211 (RM536) to 0.9369 (RM519) with an average 0.8217. The highest PIC value (0.9369) was obtained for RM519 followed by RM286 (0.9357). The genetic distance-based results seen in the unrooted neighbor-joining tree clustering revealed nine genetic groups. Being grouped into distant clusters and with highest genetic distance, eleven genotypes viz., Atithi dhan, Kadar chap, Pankiraj, Japanese-7, Jamri saity, Logi jota, Joba, Lada moni, Manik Mondal-2, Boilum and Brmulka-2 could be selected as potential parents for crop improvement for their distinctive characters. Panchash and Parija had closest distance in the SSR based CS-Chord distance (0.000) might have same genetic background. The highest genetic dissimilarity (1.000) was found among the nineteen Aus genotypes combinations followed by the second highest (0.9778) among 94 Aus rice combinations. Whereas lowest genetic dissimilarity was found between Kala and Kalo Hizli (0.1778) followed by Holat and Holae (0.2667). This information will be useful in the selection of diverse parents, background selection during backcross breeding programs and assist in broadening germplasm-based rice breeding programs in the near future.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 123-137 (2017)

scholarly journals Molecular advances on agricultural crop improvement to meet current cultivating demands

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
T. Margaritopoulou ◽  
D. Milioni
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs

Abstract Sunflower, maize and potato are among the world’s principal crops. In order to improve various traits, these crops have been genetically engineered to a great extent. Even though molecular markers for simple traits such as, fertility, herbicide tolerance or specific pathogen resistance have been successfully used in marker-assisted breeding programs for years, agronomical important complex quantitative traits like yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance and seed quality content are challenging and require whole genome approaches. Collections of genetic resources for these crops are conserved worldwide and represent valuable resources to study complex traits. Nowadays technological advances and the availability of genome sequence have made novel approaches on the whole genome level possible. Molecular breeding, including both transgenic approach and marker-assisted breeding have facilitated the production of large amounts of markers for high density maps and allowed genome-wide association studies and genomic selection in sunflower, maize and potato. Marker-assisted selection related to hybrid performance has shown that genomic selection is a successful approach to address complex quantitative traits and to facilitate speeding up breeding programs in these crops in the future.

scholarly journals Genetic evaluation of tidal swamp rice from South Kalimantan, Indonesia based on the agro-morphological markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dindin Hidayatul Mursyidin ◽  
Izhar Khairullah
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Basal Internode

Abstract. Mursyidin DH, Khairullah I. 2020. Genetic evaluation of tidal swamp rice from South Kalimantan, Indonesia based on the agro-morphological markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4795-4803. A total of 71 cultivars of the tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.), originated mainly from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, were evaluated agro-morphologically by using 26 qualitative and 13 quantitative traits. Based on these traits, this germplasm is generally low in diversity. However, three agro-morphological traits, namely the tillering abilities, seedling height, and diameter of the basal internode, shows the relatively highest diversity, shown by the Lakatan Putih, Pandak Putih, and Bayar Papuyu, respectively. The UPGMA and PCA revealed that this germplasm divided into six main clusters, where the sixth cluster is the largest with a total membership of 60 cultivars. The cluster analysis also revealed that Lakatan Siam is far separate from other cultivars. Thus, this finding might be useful in the future rice breeding programs, particularly in developing new rice cultivar for the tidal swamp areas.

Multivariate Diversity Analysis of Quantitative Traits of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekle Yoseph ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Berhanu Amsalu ◽  
Zerihun Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Mung bean is an important pulse crop grown by poor farmers in marginal and drought-prone areas of Ethiopia. Information on the extent of genetic divergence in mung bean is vital to identify diverse genotypes for crop improvement and the efficient utilization of the existing genetic resources. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to assess the extent and pattern of morphological diversity among the mung bean genotypes and to identify the traits contributing to the genetic diversity using multivariate analyses. The experiment was conducted using 60 mung bean genotypes at Jinka Agricultural Research Center during the 2018 cropping season. The first seven principal components explained 80.1% of the total variation. Almost all the studied traits were important contributors to the divergence. The cluster analysis based on quantitative traits revealed four distinct groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and cluster IV (D 2  = 43.16 units). The minimum inter-cluster distance was noted between cluster III and cluster IV (D2 = 12.16 units). The maximum and minimum intra-cluster distances D2 were recorded within cluster I (D2 = 6.49 units) and cluster III (D2 = 3.53 units), respectively). The range of intra and inter-cluster distance was 3.53 to 6.49 units and 12.16 to 43.16 units, respectively. Hence, the high genetic distance exhibited within and among clusters has to be exploited through the crossing and selection of the most divergent parents for future mung bean breeding programs.

scholarly journals Extensive allele mining discovers novel genetic diversity in the loci controlling frost tolerance in barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Guerra ◽  
Caterina Morcia ◽  
Franz Badeck ◽  
Fulvia Rizza ◽  
Stefano Delbono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Allele Mining ◽  
New Genes

Abstract Key message Exome sequencing-based allele mining for frost tolerance suggests HvCBF14 rather than CNV at Fr-H2 locus is the main responsible of frost tolerance in barley. Abstract Wild relatives, landraces and old cultivars of barley represent a reservoir of untapped and potentially important genes for crop improvement, and the recent sequencing technologies provide the opportunity to mine the existing genetic diversity and to identify new genes/alleles for the traits of interest. In the present study, we use frost tolerance and vernalization requirement as case studies to demonstrate the power of allele mining carried out on exome sequencing data generated from > 400 barley accessions. New deletions in the first intron of VRN-H1 were identified and linked to a reduced vernalization requirement, while the allelic diversity of HvCBF2a, HvCBF4b and HvCBF14 was investigated by combining the analysis of SNPs and read counts. This approach has proven very effective to identify gene paralogs and copy number variants of HvCBF2 and the HvCBF4b-HvCBF2a segment. A multiple linear regression model which considers allelic variation at these genes suggests a major involvement of HvCBF14, rather than copy number variation of HvCBF4b-HvCBF2a, in controlling frost tolerance in barley. Overall, the present study provides powerful resource and tools to discover novel alleles at relevant genes in barley.

Evaluation of Gloriosa superba for Yield Attributing Characters and Quantification of Colchicine Originated from Different Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar P. ◽  
Elangaimannan R.
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Gloriosa Superba ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Colchicine Alkaloid

The study was conducted to evolve Gloriosa superba for yield characters and alkalodi content for selecting elite genotypes for comercial exploitatio n. The genotypes were sowm in Variyankaval village, Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu. The highest mean value for fresh and dry seed yield was observed in Chittor local. The genotype Mulanur local has recorded the highest mean value for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod and Arupukotai local excelled the general mean for the traits seeds per pod, fresh and dry seed yield and also for tuber characters. An investigation was carried out to quantify the colchicine (alkaloid) present in tubers by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The genotypes collected from Arupukotai recorded the highest colchicine content (0.760 mg/g) followed by Chittoor (0.578 mg/g) and Mulanur (0.496 mg/g) and there by these three genotypes were utilized for further crop improvement.

scholarly journals Mutagenic effect of EMS and DES on Tenai (Setaria italica) in M1 generation

1970 ◽  
pp. 06-08
Author(s):  
I. Anittha, L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Mutagenic Treatment ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Mutation breeding gives better results for crop improvement through genetic manipulations when compared  to  other conventional breeding techniques. The present work focused in order to find out the effect of chemical mutagens; EMS and DES on Setaria italica in M1 generation. The seeds of Tenai, variety CO(Te)7 treated with different concentration of EMS and DES. The LD50 was observed at 30mM in EMS and 40mM in DES. Selection studies were conducted to improve the yield and to generate genetic variability in different quantitative traits such as days to first bloom, plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, length and breadth of ear head, 1000 seed weight and yield per plant. The results revealed that, all the parameters were decreased with increasing concentration in both EMS and DES, while days to first bloom was increasing with increasing concentration. According to the result all the parameters  studied  shows a negative direction towards crop improvement in M1 generation because of the stress caused by mutagenic treatment.

scholarly journals GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN 291 MAIZE LINES FROM CIMMYT AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION IN SOUTHERN CORDOBA, ARGENTINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
E.A. Rossi ◽  
M. Ruiz ◽  
M. Di Renzo ◽  
N.C. Bonamico
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

CIMMYT maize inbred lines (CMLs) are freely distributed to breeding programs around the world. Better information on phenotypic and genotypic diversity may provide guidance to breeders on how to use more efficiently the CMLs in their breeding programs. In this study a group of 291 CIMMYT maize inbred lines, was phenotyped by nine agro-morphological traits in south Córdoba, Argentina and genotyped using 18,082 SNPs. Based on the geographic information and the environmental adaptation, 291 CMLs were classified into eight subgroups. Anthesis-silking interval (IAE) was the trait with higher phenotypic diversity. A 40% of maize inbred lines, with IAE less than five days, show a good adaptation to growing conditions in south Córdoba, Argentina. The low phenotypic variation explained by environmental adaptation subgroups indicates that population structure is only a minor factor contributing to phenotypic diversity in this panel. Principal component analysis (ACP) allowed us to obtain phenotypic and genotypic orderings. Generalized procrustes analysis (APG) indicated a 60% consensus between both data type from the total panel of maize lines. In each environmental adaptation subgroup, the APG consensus was higher. This result, which might indicate linkage disequilibrium between SNPs markers and the genes controlling these agro-morphological traits, is promising and could be used as an initial tool in the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). Information on genetic diversity, population structure and phenotypic diversity in local environments will help maize breeders to better understand how to use the current CIMMYT maize inbred lines group. Key words: broad-sense heritability, multivariate analysis, SNPs, agro-morphological traits.

scholarly journals Effects of Mutagens on Morphological traits of Psoralea corylifolia-A Medicinally Important Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajey Karan Chaudhari ◽  
Anand Prakash Singh ◽  
B R Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Flowering Initiation ◽  
Yield Quality

Mutation breeding like in other plants can significantly strengthen medicinal plants breeding programs and help to produce novel varieties with higher yield potential and improved yield quality. The dry and healthy seeds of P. corylifolia IC 111228 were subjected to mutagenic treatments namely ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium azide (SA). The treatment concentrations 15mM, 30mM, 45mM and 60mM of EMS and 1mM, 2mM, 3mM and 4mM of SA were chosen to evaluate the mutagenic potential in either case. The morphological traits were evaluated in M1 generation viz. plant height, days to flowering initiation, seed yield/plant and 100-seed weight. In EMS treatment 15 mM increased the plant height and seed yield, while in SA treatment 4 mM increased the seed yield/plant and 100-seed yield.

scholarly journals Buckwheat Breeding. Past, Present and Future / Žlahtnjenje ajde v preteklosti, sedanjosti in prihodnosti

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Clayton G. Campbell ◽  
Mio Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fagopyrum Homotropicum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nutritional Components

Buckwheat crop improvement by breeding has been taking place over the past 100 years or more. During this time there has been improvements in many desirable agronomic characteristics which has resulted in higher yields in many of the breeding programs. Phenotypic modifications, such as dwarf, semi-dwarf and branching have been reported. There has also been an effort to increase flower number as this has been shown in cross pollinating buckwheat, to increase yields. Flower cluster modifications and their effects on yield have also been studied. Increased reports on the discovery of buckwheat wild species have been reported from several programs with many interspecific crosses having taken place. Several of these crosses were performed with Fagopyrum esculentum in efforts to increase variability which can be used to increase yield potential as well as to obtain increased nutritional components.  More recent efforts have focused on the development of self-pollinating buckwheat, both from introgression of genes from Fagopyrum homotropicum as well as from mutations in cross pollinating buckwheat. The main problem has been in breeding depression which has occurred in many of the reported attempts. However, high yielding homomorphic, self-pollinating varieties have been developed and are now in commercial production. There is now emphasis being placed on many of the nutritional aspects of buckwheat flour as well as value added components. It is expected that this will increase over time.  Key words: Buckwheat breeding, homomorphic, autogamous buckwheat.   Izvleček Žlahtnjenje ajde poteka že več kot 100 let. V tem času je bila dosežena izboljšava željenih agronomskih lastnosti, kar je pri mnogih programih žlahtnjenja omogočilo večje pridelke. Raziskovalci poročajo o fenotipskih modifikacijah, kot je pritlikava ali pol-pritlikava rast in razvejanje. Za povečanje pridelka so bile raziskane modifikacije socvetij. Število poročil o odkritjih divjih sorodnikov ajde in o mnogih medvrstnih križanjih se je v zadnjem času povečalo. V mnoga od teh križanj je bila vključena navadna ajda (Fagopyrum esculentum), da bi povečali  variabilnost, kar bi lahko omogočilo povečanje pridelka in izboljšanje prehranskih lastnosti. Novejša prizadevanja so se osredotočila na razvoj samooplodnosti pri ajdi, z vključitvijo genov vrste Fagopyrum homotropicum, kot tudi mutacij pri ajdi, ki se je opraševala navzkrižno.  Pri tem je bila glavna težava preseči  depresijo zaradi samooploditev, depresija se je pojavila pri večih poskusih samooploditve. Ne glede na to je uspelo dobiti visokorodne homomorfne samooplodne sorte za ponudbo na trgu semen. Sedaj se prizadevanja usmerjajo k izboljšanju prehranske vrednosti ajde in pomembnih sestavin v ajdovi moki. Pričakovati je, da se bo pomen prehranske vrednosti ajde sčasoma še povečeval. Ključne besede: žlahtnjenje ajde, homomorfnost, samo­oplodna ajda

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