Pathogenetically targeted method for conservative treatment of obesity and overweight correction

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
Evgeniy E. Achkasov ◽  
A. O. Razina ◽  
S. D. Runenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

This review of literature presents modern pathogenetic treatment options for obesity and overweight correction including the optimization of the motor function, nutrition education, drug therapy, surgical techniques and psychotherapy. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the development of combined treatment programs is underlined taking into account the multifactorial pathogenesis of obesity. A combination of optimal physical activity and diet therapy with active personal involvement in the process of recovery is accentuated among the priority areas of excess body weight correction, as well as the treatment and prevention of obesity. It is shown that the physical rehabilitation should focus on the individualization of the physical exertion, its adequate dosing and intensity control using heart rate monitors to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the training sessions. The article also presents data on the effectiveness of rational medical and other types of treatment of obesity when the adjustment of physical activities and nutrition is insufficient. In particular, the results of the world's largest observation program of safe weight loss for the treatment ofpatients with alimentary obesity held in Russia from 2012 to 2015 are described.

scholarly journals Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7889
Author(s):  
Wenli Sun ◽  
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian ◽  
Qi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Overweight and obesity have become global epidemics, especially during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential of medicinal plants as a better and safe option in treating obesity and overweight has gained attention in recent years. Obesity and overweight has become a major public health concern, and its incidence rising at an alarming rate. Obesity is one of the major types of metabolic syndrome, resulting in various types of problems such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excess fat accumulation. The current searching was done by the keywords in main indexing systems including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, the search engine of Google Scholar, and Institute for Scientific Web of Science. The keywords were traditional medicine, health benefits, pharmaceutical science, pomegranate, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagitannins. Google Scholar was searched manually for possible missing manuscripts, and there was no language restriction in the search. This review was carried out to highlight the importance of medicinal plants which are common in traditional medicinal sciences of different countries, especially Asia to prevent and treatment of obesity and overweight during the global pandemic and the post-COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Possibilities of Prevention and Treatment: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Monika Grabia ◽  
Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska ◽  
Katarzyna Socha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Overweight and obesity are an increasingly common problem, not only among the healthy population, but also in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Excess body weight is related to many cardiometabolic complications as well as a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a concise and critical overview of the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents with T1DM and, ultimately, to discuss prevention and treatment options. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This review shows that, apart from the growing percentage of overweight and obese children and adolescents with T1DM (on average 20.1% and 9.5%, respectively), the problem of the increasing incidence of MetS (range from 3.2 to 29.9%, depending on the criteria used) is one of the most important phenomena of our time. One of the methods of prevention and treatment is a combined approach: changing eating habits and lifestyle, but there are also reports about the beneficial effects of the gut microflora.

scholarly journals In search of an ideal drug for safer treatment of obesity: The false promise of pseudoephedrine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Munafò ◽  
Stefano Frara ◽  
Norberto Perico ◽  
Rosaria Di Mauro ◽  
Monica Cortinovis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Ephedra Sinica ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

AbstractObesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Only relatively few treatment options are, at present, available for the management of obese patients. Furthermore, treatment of obesity is affected by the widespread misuse of drugs and food supplements. Ephedra sinica is an old medicinal herb, commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases. Ephedra species contain several alkaloids, including pseudoephedrine, notably endowed with indirect sympathomimetic pharmacodynamic properties. The anorexigenic effect of pseudoephedrine is attributable primarily to the inhibition of neurons located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), mediating satiety stimuli. Pseudoephedrine influences lipolysis and thermogenesis through interaction with β3 adrenergic receptors and reduces fat accumulation through down-regulation of transcription factors related to lipogenesis. However, its use is associated with adverse events that involve to a large extent the cardiovascular and the central nervous system. Adverse events of pseudoephedrine also affect the eye, the intestine, and the skin, and, of relevance, sudden cardiovascular death related to dietary supplements containing Ephedra alkaloids has also been reported. In light of the limited availability of clinical data on pseudoephedrine in obesity, along with its significantly unbalanced risk/benefit profile, as well as of the psychophysical susceptibility of obese patients, it appears reasonable to preclude the prescription of pseudoephedrine in obese patients of any order and degree.

scholarly journals Tumor Microenvironment: Key Players in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Immunomodulation

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3357
Author(s):  
Hongmei Zheng ◽  
Sumit Siddharth ◽  
Sheetal Parida ◽  
Xinhong Wu ◽  
Dipali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and is highly related to immunomodulation. As we know, the most effective approach to treat TNBC so far is still chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling; therefore, it will be interesting to investigate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced TME changes and TNBC immunomodulation. In this review, we focus on the immunosuppressive and immunoreactive role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation and the contribution of TME constituents to TNBC subtype classification. Further, we also discuss the role of chemotherapy-induced TME remodeling in modulating TNBC immune response and tumor progression with emphasis on DAMPs-associated molecules including high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), exosomes, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which may provide us with new clues to explore effective combined treatment options for TNBC.

Novel Non-invasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki M Angelidi ◽  
Matthew J Belanger ◽  
Alexander Kokkinos ◽  
Chrysi C Koliaki ◽  
Christos S Mantzoros
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract Recent insights into the pathophysiologic underlying mechanisms of obesity have led to the discovery of several promising drug targets and novel therapeutic strategies to address the global obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. Current pharmacologic options for obesity management are largely limited in number and of modest efficacy/safety profile. Therefore, the need for safe and more efficacious new agents is urgent. Drugs which are currently under investigation modulate targets across a broad range of systems and tissues, including the central nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Beyond pharmacotherapeutics, other potential antiobesity strategies are being explored, including novel drug delivery systems, vaccines, modulation of the gut microbiome, and gene therapy. The present review summarizes the pathophysiology of energy homeostasis, and highlights pathways being explored in the effort to develop novel antiobesity medications and interventions but does not cover devices and bariatric methods. Emerging pharmacologic agents and alternative approaches targeting these pathways and relevant research in both animals and humans are presented in detail. Special emphasis is given to treatment options at the end of the development pipeline and closer to the clinic, i.e., compounds that have a higher chance to be added to our therapeutic armamentarium in the near future. Ultimately, advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and interindividual variation of obesity may lead to multimodal and personalized approaches to obesity treatment that will result in safe, effective and sustainable weight loss until the root causes of the problem are identified and addressed.

Clinical, Microbial, and Biochemical Aspects of the Exfoliative Toxins Causing Staphylococcal Scalded-Skin Syndrome

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamez Ladhani ◽  
Christopher L. Joannou ◽  
Denise P. Lochrie ◽  
Robert W. Evans ◽  
Susan M. Poston
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Disease Understanding ◽  
Significant Mortality

SUMMARY The exfoliative (epidermolytic) toxins of Staphylococcus aureus are the causative agents of the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), a blistering skin disorder that predominantly affects children. Clinical features of SSSS vary along a spectrum, ranging from a few localized blisters to generalized exfoliation covering almost the entire body. The toxins act specifically at the zona granulosa of the epidermis to produce the characteristic exfoliation, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is still poorly understood. Despite the availability of antibiotics, SSSS carries a significant mortality rate, particularly among neonates with secondary complications of epidermal loss and among adults with underlying diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature spanning more than a century and to cover all aspects of the disease. The epidemiology, clinical features, potential complications, risk factors, susceptibility, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, investigations currently available, treatment options, and preventive measures are all discussed in detail. Recent crystallographic data on the toxins has provided us with a clearer and more defined approach to studying the disease. Understanding their mode of action has important implications in future treatment and prevention of SSSS and other diseases, and knowledge of their specific site of action may provide a useful tool for physiologists, dermatologists, and pharmacologists.

scholarly journals CURRENT PHARMACOLOGICAL STATUS OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE PLANTS AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Syeda Nishat Fathima ◽  
Vasudeva Murthy S
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells ◽  
Modern Era

 Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern era. Myocardial infarction is a condition where there is a significant decrease or block in the blood (oxygen) supply to the part of heart, leading to degeneration of a portion of the myocardium which triggers a cascade of cellular, inflammatory and biochemical events, leading eventually to the irreversible death (necrosis) of heart muscle cells. Various therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment options, and surgical techniques are available. The present review focus on the plants that have been evaluated for cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.Method: The current status of Cardioprotective plants was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2017 for publications on medicinal plants used against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol, Isoprenaline, myocardial infarction, cardioprotective were used as keywords for the searching.Result: A total of 117 different plant parts and their extracts have till now been published to possess cardioprotection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol a beta-adrenergic receptors agonist causes severe stress in myocardium resulting in the infarct-like lesion and produced cardiotoxic effects by elevating the levels of cardiac biomarkers and causing changes in ECG. Plant-based medicines with their antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antihyperlipidemic, platelet antiaggregatory, anti-lipid peroxidation property provide substantial evidence for the management of Ischemia.Conclusion: This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants that have cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Glans Resurfacing in Carcinoma in situ of the Penis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Raquel Catarino ◽  
André Cardoso ◽  
Carlos Ferreira ◽  
Diogo Pereira ◽  
Tiago Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Aesthetic Result

Aims: Penile cancer is an uncommon malignancy in Western countries. There are known premalignant lesions that can progress to invasive penile cancer, namely carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the glans. Treatment options for this disease include topical chemotherapy and laser ablation, but the published literature demonstrates limited efficacy for these approaches. Surgical techniques with penile-preserving approaches are performed with the goal of removing the entire tumor and preserving as much of penis as possible. There are no large, randomized studies comparing treatment options for these lesions, and reports concerning the surgical approaches are scarce. Presentation of Case: In this study, we present a case report of a patient with CIS of the glans penis surgically treated with glans resurfacing. Discussion and Conclusions: There were no complications during follow-up, and after 20 months, the patient has no evidence of disease recurrence, has preserved urinary and erectile functions and is currently satisfied with the cosmetic appearance. CIS treatment with glans resurfacing allows the maintenance penile length and function with a good aesthetic result without compromising oncologic control. This approach also allows an accurate staging of the disease and assessment of the treatment efficacy.

OBESITY: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC JUSTIFICATION OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
O. M. Korzh
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Weight Correction

Obesity is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Numerous studies in recent years have identified obesity as a key cause of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Comprehensive medical and non−medical treatment of metabolic disorders, obesity and correction of excess body weight are the urgent tasks for both the patient and doctor. When defining the obesity as a chronic psychosomatic disease caused by the interaction of numerous genetic and environmental factors there is emphasized the complexity of the problem, including psychological, medical, social, physical and economic aspects. The widespread prevalence of obesity, which determines its comorbid nature, dictates the need to clarify the principles and options for treatment and prevention. In the process of active study, the multicomponent pathogenesis of obesity with the important role of different parts of the brain determines the relevance of a combination of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle intervention. In pharmacotherapy, the weight correction is an important component and reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications, improves quality of life and prognosis. The basis of weight correction measures is a change in lifestyle, increased physical activity and alteration in diet in order to achieve a balance between energy consumption and expenditure. Weight loss is accompanied with an increased tissue sensitivity to insulin, improved lipid metabolism, elimination of latent inflammation, lowering blood pressure and, accordingly, plays a critical role in prevention of the associated diseases and reducing the risk of complications. The fight against obesity is not only an improvement in the patient general condition, but also a great economic benefit, as the doses of drugs are reduced or the need for hypolipidemic, antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs disappears. Key words: obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cardiometabolic risk, microbiota, insulin resistance, treatment, prevention.

OXM-104, a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity, NASH and type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashref Kayed ◽  
Simone Melander ◽  
Kim Andreassen ◽  
Morten Karsdal ◽  
Kim Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Obesity-related metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its more progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, are causing an increased health burden, especially due to the lack of approved treatment options. Using preclinical models of NASH, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, we investigated the effects of a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucagon (GCG) receptor agonist OXM-104 head to head with once-daily GLP-1/GCG receptor agonist cotadutide and once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide. OXM-104, cotadutide, and semaglutide elicited marked reductions in body weight and improved glucose control. In contrast, hepatoprotective effects, i.e., reductions in steatosis and fibrosis, as well as liver fibrosis biomarkers, were more prominent with OXM-104 and cotadutide than effects seen with semaglutide. This is demonstrated by improved NAFLD activity score (NAS) by OXM-104 and cotadutide which underlines the importance of the GCG receptor. Thus, these results underline the potential of OXM-104 as a promising therapeutic option for the resolution of NASH, but also as a therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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