scholarly journals CHANGES OF MORTALITY AND RATE OF AGING IN THE SECOND HALF OF 20TH CENTURY IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly I. Dontsov
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Mortality Change ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
External Component ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
Rate Of Ageing ◽  
Historical Periods

Introduction. The deepening of medical and demographic problems associated with the sharp aging of the population is an obstacle to the effective socio-economic development of countries, determining the increased interest in the problem of aging. The aim of the study is to study the features and causes of changes in age mortality in Russia of the twentieth century. Material and methods. Used a table of survival for the 1960-2000 years for Russia to calculate the components of the formula of Gompertz, the intensity of mortality and its increments, using the Excel program, and developed the computer program “Aging of populations»; the adequacy of the calculated (according to the Gompertz formula) and true mortality rate was estimated by the correlation coefficient (“r”). Results. The data obtained clearly show the presence of 4 stages of mortality change: reduction of child mortality; increased mortality of working age (20-65 years); the same mortality of retirement ages (65-85 years); increased mortality in the ages of long-livers (from 85-90 years). Discussion. It can be concluded that the improvement of medical and social care for children and pensioners reduces child mortality and produces the phenomenon of “delayed mortality” of pensioners: reducing the intensity of mortality (the rate of aging) in this age period. The latter leads to the phenomenon of inversion of total mortality for ages of long-livers (from reduced to increased). Use instead of overall intensity of mortality of its increment leads to the conclusion however, that the decrease in the rate of ageing for the ages of centenarians persists. For working person age mortality is increasing, which is obviously due to the increasing stress and environmental difficulties of modern cities. During the pension period, mortality rates are equalized for all studied historical periods. The reduction of the external component of mortality of the Gompertz formula makes the graph more linear over a longer age period (the contribution of the external component of Makeham, the constant, to the exponential component of biological aging, decreases). Conclusion. The detected trends in mortality indicate the direction of preventive and socio-medical impact on the health of the population.

scholarly journals Changes in mortality, life expectancy and the rate of aging in the XX century: possible causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Vitaly I. Dontsov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Related Mortality

Introduction. The rapid aging of the world and Russian population and the associated medical, demographic, and socioeconomic problems determine the increased interest in the issue of aging. Aim and objectives. to study the features and causes of changes in age-related mortality, life expectancy (LE), and aging in Russia in the second half of the XX century compared to other countries. Material and methods. We used the Human Mortality Database survival tables to estimate the expected and maximum life expectancy. The aging rate was calculated using the Gompertz-Makeham formula and the increment of total mortality. Graphs were built using Microsoft Office Excel’s standard tools and the computer program Aging of Populations developed by us. Results. Until the middle of the XX century, significant aging rate changes did not accompany a sharp increase in Le. Later with a relatively small increase in LE, it decreases sharply. Deceleration of aging was observed for all studied countries (from 12 to 36 for different available historical periods) for all studied parameters and progresses to the end of the studied period. For Russia, the decline in the aging rate that began simultaneously 7 with other countries in 1960-1970's slows down and is restored only by 2000. Discussion. Improvements in living conditions and health outcomes lead to an increase in the proportion of the elderly population structure. However, these same processes reduce the rate of individual aging. Improving medical and social care for retired people reduces their mortality rate. Still, it produces a phenomenon of delayed mortality in later ages (the phenomenon of inversion of centenarians’ total mortality - from reduced to increased). Nevertheless, the use of the mortality rate increment indicator shows that the decline in the aging rate for centenarians persists. Conclusion. The identified trends in mortality are useful for developing areas of preventive and socio-medical impact on the population’s health.

scholarly journals Main directions of prophylaxis of untimely mortality from cardiovascular diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
A. T. Adamyan ◽  
S. Yu. Kladov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
High Cholesterol Level ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

The mortality of Tomsk people aged from 15 to 74 from diseases of the blood circulation system have been studied for 1990—2001 and main risk factors have been determined. For the 12-year period, the mortality increased in all the main classes of causes of death. The analysis of differences in male and female mortality from individual causes of death shows that cardiovascular diseases and violent death in the active working age are major contributors to mortality differentiation depending on sex. Four risk factors can be separated: high arterial tension, high cholesterol level, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. They determine 87.5% in total mortality and 58.5% in the years of life with disability. Prophylaxis of mortality from circulatory diseases should be aimed, first of all, at these groups of factors.

scholarly journals Demographic characteristics of the Moscow region at the beginning of the XXI century

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-430
Author(s):  
Y. A. Olenin ◽  
I. V. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Population Demographic

The socio-economic development of the country and any region is influenced by many factors, among which the most important role belongs to the demographic, in a generalized form representing the demographic situation. The demographic situation is usually understood as the demographic situation, the state of demographic processes, the composition and placement of the population at a certain time in a country or a particular region. Thus, the analysis of the demographic situation is necessary for understanding the main parameters of the population, trends in their dynamics, forecasting the number, demographic structure, demographic behavior of the population. Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of official statistical data on demographic processes (statics and population dynamics) in the Moscow region (MO) for 2000-2015. Materials and methods: at the first stage, the collection and analysis of information and statistical sources were carried out, requests were sent to the Federal and territorial state statistics services of the Russian Federation (Rosstat, Mosobstat, MIAC MO). At the second stage, the data on demographic processes in the Moscow region were copied from the responses of Rosstat, Mosobstat, MIAC MO and from the websites of relevant organizations. Statistical analysis included calculation of simple arithmetic mean, percentage values, economic and demographic burden on the working population, demographic factors and the efficiency of population growth. Results and conclusions. The population of the Moscow region at the beginning of the XXI century continues to increase, but mainly due to migrants arriving from neighboring regions of the country and abroad. Males constitute 46.2% of the population and females 53.8% (2015). Boys are born more than girls by 6% and this advantage is maintained until the age of 30. And starting from the age of 35, the number of women begins to prevail over the number of men by 3.5%. This trend continues to 75 years and older. Age groups of the region's population are formed according to the regressive type: children - 15.9%; working-age population - 59.8%, and persons older than working age - 24.3% (2015). The economic and demographic burden of children and the elderly on the working population is more than 40%. The birth rate in the region increased by 76.7% from 2000 to 2015 and was higher than in 1990. Analysis of the total fertility rate indicates that in the Moscow region remains mononuclear family type (1-2-child family), ie there is no expanded reproduction of the population. In children, and especially in working age, the mortality rate is higher in men than in women. In men, the mortality rate reaches 41% of the total mortality at the working age. The number of women who died in working age is 4 times less than men. The natural increase in the population of the Moscow region for 15 years of the XXI century has a small but negative value, since the population is decreasing, and the increase in the population is mainly due to high migration.

scholarly journals Religiosity, Spirituality and Biopsychological Age of Professionals in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1238
Author(s):  
Anna V. Koteneva ◽  
Tatiana N. Berezina ◽  
Stanislav A. Rybtsov
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality

The challenges of modern civilization resulted in the premature biological and psychological aging of professionals of working age. This phenomenon raises both medical and psychological problems associated with personality factors that affect psychobiological maturity and the rate of aging. The influence of religiosity and spirituality on biopsychological age remains the least studied area of psychology. Progress in this area will help to identify the components of religiosity—predictors of the aging rate of professionals. The sample included 295 people (148 women) aged 24 to 54 years (average age 31.7 years) and consisted of Christians (67.12%), Muslims (5.76%), Buddhists, deists, Shintoists, etc., (7.79%) and atheists (17.29%). The average work experience was 9 years. Using correlation analysis and methods of multivariate linear regression and t-test for independent samples, we found that the religiosity of professionals increases with natural aging and deterioration of their physical condition and does not depend on gender. Religiosity to a greater extent affects psychological age, the indicator of the psychobiological maturity of a professional and, to a lesser extent, biological age. Most of the indicators of religiosity are inherent in a person who is more mature in psychobiological terms. The biological age of professionals increases due to asthenic experiences, while gaining faith in God, unusual religious experiences and the existential meaning of life can reduce it. An increase in the spirituality of professionals is associated with a slowdown in the rate of biological aging.

Milk, Blood Lipids and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ‘The Myth and the Evidence’

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Anne M. Minihane
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Chronic diet related diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancers account for the vast majority (∼ 65%) of total mortality in the UK (Figure 1). In westernised countries average life expectancy is rapidly increasing with the ratio of people of working age to people over 65 estimated to fall from about to 4:1 to 2.5:1 by the year 2040. These ageing population demographics have placed an almost unbearable strain on the health care systems of these countries. As a result there has been increased focus on the use of diet as a modifiable means of preventing or delaying the onset of disease. This approach in addition to being cost effective would ensure that for the individual who is living longer that they also remain healthier for longer, developing chronic life threatening diseases at an older age.

scholarly journals Why Does Child Mortality Decrease With Age? Modeling the Age-Associated Decrease in Mortality Rate Using WHO Metadata From 25 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Dolejs ◽  
Helena Homolková
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Inverse Proportion ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Age Range

Background: Our previous study analyzed the age trajectory of mortality (ATM) in 14 European countries, while this study aimed at investigating ATM in other continents and in countries with a higher level of mortality. Data from 11 Non-European countries were used.Methods: The number of deaths was extracted from the WHO mortality database. The Halley method was used to calculate the mortality rates in all possible calendar years and all countries combined. This method enables us to combine more countries and more calendar years in one hypothetical population.Results: The age trajectory of total mortality (ATTM) and also ATM due to specific groups of diseases were very similar in the 11 non-European countries and in the 14 European countries. The level of mortality did not affect the main results found in European countries. The inverse proportion was valid for ATTM in non-European countries with two exceptions.Slower or no mortality decrease with age was detected in the first year of life, while the inverse proportion model was valid for the age range (1, 10) years in most of the main chapters of ICD10.Conclusions: The decrease in child mortality with age may be explained as the result of the depletion of individuals with congenital impairment. The majority of deaths up to the age of 10 years were related to congenital impairments, and the decrease in child mortality rate with age was a demonstration of population heterogeneity. The congenital impairments were latent and may cause death even if no congenital impairment was detected.

scholarly journals A retrospective and prospective view of current and future population ageing in the European Union 28 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Luděk Šídlo ◽  
Branislav Šprocha ◽  
Pavol Ďurček
Keyword(s):  
Population Ageing ◽  
First Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Population Forecast ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Rate Of Ageing

AbstractPopulation ageing in the EU28 is an important twenty-first century phenomenon, affecting virtually every aspect of life in these countries. The results of the latest EUROPOP2018 population forecast indicate that the rate of ageing is accelerating. The aim of this paper is to analyse the current level of population ageing in the EU28, identify spatial differences, and point to likely trends by the middle of this century. For these purposes, we have used a combination of conventional chronological indicators of population ageing and a set of new indicators based on prospective age that allows for a more comprehensive and realistic view of population ageing. We use multivariate statistical methods (factor and cluster analysis) to identify groups of countries with similar population ageing characteristics, using both a retrospective and prospective approach. We decompose changes in selected ageing indicators into the separate effects of changes in the population composition (children under 15, working-age population, elderly). We then identify the effect of major demographic factors (migration, mortality, cohort turnover) for the set of EU28 countries

scholarly journals Features and factors of demographic dynamics in the Kyrgyz Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. Avdeev ◽  
Irina A. Troitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Rate Of Ageing ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the current demographic situation in the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as the main components of population dynamics: natural population growth, internal mobility and international migration. Basing on census data, current statistics and population surveys, the authors assess the impact of demographic processes in the republic on the age and sex structure and the rate of ageing of the Kyrgyz population, as well as on population settlement and its concentration in the centres of attraction of internal migrants, and the urbanization process. Analysis of demographic dynamics in the Kyrgyz Republic has shown a number of interrelated problems and challenges caused by the rapid growth of the population and changes in its age structure, requiring urgent social and economic policy measures. Key of the revealed problems are mass departure of the population in the working age, especially young people (labour migration), growth of population of retirement age, and uneven population settlement with concentration around the two largest urban agglomerations of the republic, the cities of Bishkek and Osh.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Characteristics of Mortality From Diseases of the Circulatory System of the Moscow region. Data 2016 year

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Glezer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Working Age ◽  
International Statistical Classification

Contribution of diseases of the circulatory system to total mortality of the population remains high. Therefore it is necessary to study factors with most substantial impact on regional morbidity and mortality for elaboration of targeted programs of preventive measures aimed at definite population groups.Purposeof this study was to perform analysis of differences of mortality from cardiovascular diseases (VVD) of Moscow region inhabitants of various gender and age.Materials and methods.Data on 2016 mortality of Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat) and territorial service of state statistics of the Moscow Region were used in this analysis. Analysis was conducted for men and women divided in age groups ≤50, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥50 years. Diseases were classified in accordance with 10th Revision of International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD10).Results. Population of the Moscow Region territory on January 1, 2016, amounted 7 318 647 (men 46.2, women 53.8 %, persons of working age 58.9 %). Contribution in the mortality structure of chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebro-vascular diseases in women was greater than in men (80 vs. 68 %, respectively, р<0.0001). Contribution of acute IHD, IHD unrelated heart diseases, and vascular diseases in men was significantly greater than in women (30 vs. 18 %, respectively, р<0.0001). In the age group over working age mortality indexes were substantially higher compared with those in working age. In men these indexes became 10–20 times while in women – 30–130 times higher.Conclusion. Despite positive dynamics of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (45.3 % lowering from 2008 to 2016) it is necessary to strengthen efforts directed to correction risk factors of IHD and implementation of timely diagnostics and correction of IHD unrelated diseases.

ANALYSIS OF ONCOLOGICAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE VORONEZH REGION AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONCOLOGICAL SERVICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Владимир Петрович Косолапов ◽  
Галина Владимировна Сыч ◽  
Алёна Геннадьевна Деряева ◽  
Наталья Николаевна Чайкина
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

Злокачественные новообразования являются одной из самых значимых проблем, затрагивающих не только систему здравоохранения, но и общество в целом. Обеспокоенность и повышенное внимание к онкологии обусловлены устойчивой тенденцией роста заболеваемости во всем мире, которая и в обозримом будущем продолжит нарастать, что объясняется рядом субъективных и объективных причин: постарением населения, экологическими, социальными, экономическими и другими факторами. Так, в 2019 г. в Российской Федерации впервые в жизни выявлен 640 391 случай злокачественных новообразований. Прирост данного показателя по сравнению с 2018 годом составил 2,5%. На конец 2019 года в территориальных онкологических учреждениях России состояли на учете 3 928 338 пациентов, что на 4,2% больше, чем в предыдущем году. Около 43% впервые выявленных злокачественных новообразований диагностируют в III-IV стадии. Это приводит к росту показателя смертности и значительной инвалидизации больных. Ежегодно в России более 200 тыс. больных впервые признают инвалидами от онкологического заболевания (20,0% от общего числа впервые признанных инвалидами). Умерло от злокачественных новообразований в 2019 году 293 тыс. человек, что составляет 16,4% в общей структуре смертности (вторая причина после сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний). Среди умерших в трудоспособном возрасте (15-59 лет) доля умерших от злокачественных новообразований составила 16,5%. Потери от злокачественных новообразований в репродуктивном возрасте (20-44 года) в женской популяции составили 17,7%. Все это свидетельствует о чрезвычайно высокой социальной значимости ранней диагностики, профилактики и лечения онкологических заболеваний. За последние годы достигнуты значительные успехи в профилактике, диагностике и лечении новообразований, но многие вопросы все еще изучены недостаточно Malignant neoplasms are one of the most significant problems that affect not only the healthcare system, but also society as a whole. Concern and increased attention to oncology are caused by a steady trend of increasing morbidity worldwide, which will continue to increase in the foreseeable future, which is explained by a number of subjective and objective reasons: aging of the population, environmental, social, economic and other factors. Thus, in 2019, 640,391 cases of malignant neoplasms were detected in the Russian Federation for the first time in life. The growth of this indicator compared to 2018 was 2.5%. At the end of 2019, 3,928,338 patients were registered in territorial oncological institutions of Russia, which is 4.2% more than in the previous year. About 43% of newly detected malignant neoplasms are diagnosed in stage III-IV. This leads to an increase in the mortality rate and significant disability of patients. Every year in Russia, more than 200 thousand patients are recognized as disabled from cancer for the first time (20.0% of the total number of people recognized as disabled for the first time). 293 thousand people died from malignant neoplasms in 2019, which is 16.4% of the total mortality structure (the second cause after cardiovascular diseases). Among those who died at the working age (15-59 years), the proportion of those who died from malignant neoplasms was 16.5%. Losses from malignant neoplasms in the reproductive age (20-44 years) in the female population amounted to 17.7%. All this testifies to the extremely high social significance of early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of oncological diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms, but many issues are still insufficiently studied

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