The role of preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal cancer metastases in the liver with the lack of RAS mutations

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
A. F Lazarev ◽  
K. G Mamontov ◽  
A. G Kotelnikov ◽  
Sergey L. Khays ◽  
V. A Lubennikov
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, occupying the third place in the world among malignant tumors morbidity rate and the 4th place on the causes of death. Every year in the world there are diagnosed more than 1.3 millions of new cases of the disease. The mortality rate continues to be one of the most common causes in the structure of cancer incidence. In Russia, each year there are diagnosed more than 60 thousands of new cases of colorectal cancer. For the last time the incidence increased by 11%, out of them more than 17 thousands patients show newly diagnosed distant metastases. In the absolute majority of cases metastases in the liver are firstly detected in 2-3 years. Liver is the organ- the most commonly affected by metastases. Methods of medicinal treatment of CRC metastases are of great importance and allowed to greatly improve the life expectancy of patients. Median overall survival (OS) is 35-40 months. The one of the last achievement of the modern drug therapy of metastatic CRC was the appearance of the preparation Cetuximab. Blocking of the KRAS gene is a key compartment of the signaling pathways that transmit extracellular growth signals from the surface of the cell to the nucleus. Further signals are transmitted via the cascade into the cellular nucleus, regulating cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Results of the research of PRIME, PEAK and FIRE-3 confirm the advantage of supplement ofpanitumumab or cetuximab to chemotherapy regimens FOLFOX or FOLFIRI in patients with wild-type Ras.

scholarly journals Ways of medicinal prevention and treatment of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in oncological patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
V.A. Moroz ◽  
R.A. Al-Hadrawi ◽  
O.O. Andrieieva ◽  
Yu.V. Timchenko ◽  
A.M. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
World Population ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

The high incidence of malignant tumors is currently supported by the general ageing of the world population and unfavorable environmental factors. In 2018, 18.1 million new cases of cancer and 9.6 million deaths from them were registered in the world. At the same time, a significant increase in the life expectancy of these patients after the treatment noted over the past 20 years highlights the problem of side effects of the anticancer therapy. One of the most serious side effects is the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DRIC). In all three distinct clinical forms (acute, early and late) DRIC can develop in 58 % of patients after using anticancer treatment regimens with the inclusion of doxorubicin. The review provides a detailed analysis of medicinal treatment regimens and preparations (ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, statins, etc.) currently used, and evaluates their effectiveness and expected results. Currently, several therapeutic strategies have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of DRIC, each of them has certain positive results. At the same time, some therapeutic methods used in the clinic have some disadvantages. Conclusions. The limitations of the results of DRIC prevention achieved by the existing therapeutic regimens, as well as the possibilities for their prediction, have been stated. The need for further research to improve the effectiveness of medicinal prevention and treatment of DRIC is emphasized.

scholarly journals The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer metastases: opportunities in cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 1083-1100
Author(s):  
Yasmin Kamal ◽  
Stephanie L Schmit ◽  
Hildreth Robert Frost ◽  
Christopher I Amos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases

About a fifth of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with disease metastasis at the time of diagnosis. While the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in governing CRC progression is undeniable, the role of the TME in either establishing or suppressing the formation of distant metastases of CRC is less well established. Despite advances in immunotherapy, many individuals with metastatic CRC do not respond to standard-of-care therapy. Therefore, understanding the role of the TME in establishing distant metastases is essential for developing new immunological agents. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the TME of CRC metastases, describe differences between the TME of primary tumors and their distant metastases, and discuss advances in the design and combinations of immunotherapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Circulating Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Katiusse Alves dos Santos ◽  
Isabelle Cristina Clemente dos Santos ◽  
Carollyne Santos Silva ◽  
Hériks Gomes Ribeiro ◽  
Igor de Farias Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a multifactorial disease that involves environmental factors, genetic factors, and lifestyle factors. Due to the absence of specific and sensitive biomarkers, CRC patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and consequently suffer from a low 5-year overall survival rate. Despite improvements in surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with CRC remains unfavorable due to local and distant metastases. Several studies have shown that small noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs packed in exosomes, are potential biomarkers in various types of cancers, including CRC, and that they can be detected in a stable form in both serum and plasma. In this review, we report the potential of circulating exosomal miRNAs to act as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
V. S. Trifanov ◽  
O. I. Kit ◽  
E. N. Kolesnikov ◽  
A. V. Snezhko ◽  
S. V. Sanamyanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
International Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The aim. The aim of our study was to analyze the available data from literature sources concerning the issues of epidemiology, pathology, clinic, diagnosis, and features of surgical treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the vermiform process. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of foreign and domestic literature sources that contain upto-date information about the state of the problem of neuroendocrine tumors of the vermiform process Results. Appendicular neuroendocrine tumors (ANEO) account for up to 16.7% of all neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In 54% of cases, ANEO show themselves for the fi rst time with a picture of an acute abdomen that resembles that of acute appendicitis. The main method of treatment is surgical. So far, there are no clinical guidelines that specify clear criteria for performing an appendectomy or right-sided hemicolectomy. Although gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are less sensitive to it, there is evidence of a good response to temozolomide therapy (CAPTEM scheme: temozolomide+capecitabine). Octreotide can also be eff ective, especially in the group of functionally active ANIOS. The 5-year survival rate of patients with ANEO is 94% for tumors up to 1 cm in diameter, 70.5% for tumors larger than 2 cm, and 33.7% for distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion. Treatment of patients with ANEO gives rise to the following confl ict situation: on the one hand, the risk of recurrence of the disease in the long term is quite low, but if it occurs, it signifi cantly worsens the prognosis and, consequently, signifi cantly affects the overall survival. We emphasize the need to further study the biological properties of ANIO, the importance of generalizing all available data, which is possible only with close international contact of scientists around the world.

scholarly journals Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Uveal Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-921
Author(s):  
V. G. Likhvantseva ◽  
O. A. Anurova ◽  
S. E. Astakhova ◽  
M. V. Vereshchagina ◽  
V. E. Ovanesyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Small Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
The One

A prerequisite for the growth, progression and metastasis of malignant tumors of any localization is the development of its own vascular network. Newly formed vessels not only nourish the primary tumor, but also create conditions for the spread of tumor cells through the circulatory system and the formation of distant metastases. Angiogenesis is able to launch a small population of tumors from 100–300 cells that have accumulated genetic aberrations and have begun to express proangigenic molecules. The phenomenon is known as “transformation of tumor cells into angiogenic phenotype”. A tumor with angiogenic phenotype carries a high potential for proliferation and malignization. This pattern has been found in many types of cancer, but studied less in uveal melanoma. Meanwhile, in this aspect, uveal melanoma, metastasizing exclusively in a hematogenic way, with its selective, organotropic nature of metastasis, becomes an attractive model for the study of the molecular “scenario” of tumor angiogenesis studies allow us to say that, UM is subject to the general patterns of the development of malignant tumors. As with many types of tumors, VEGF is an obligate condition for the development and progression of UM. The VEGF molecule’s producers in UM are two cell populations: endothelial vascular cells and tumor cells. VEGF’s expression in UM is cyclical. The cycle is re-initiated, apparently, by increasing cell density in tumor proliferate and the development of hypoxia zones. We found no correlation between the intensity of pigmentation, necrosis, hemorrhage, germination in the corner of the front chamber, ophthalmohypertension on the one hand, and expression of VEGF in UM cells on the other. At the same time, a direct link between the expression of VEGF in tumor cells and EC vessels on the one hand and the thickness, base diameter, as well as the localization of UM, on the other hand, has been revealed. Additionally, VEGF expression in tumor cells was closely correlated with the histological structure of UM, and VEGF expression in EC correlated with the stage of the disease. Thus, the authors showed that UM, like other malignant solid tumors, is prone to transformation into angiogenic phenotype and expression of VEGF.

Psychology from Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic Perspectives

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad A-L.H. Abou-Hatab
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

This paper presents the case of psychology from a perspective not widely recognized by the West, namely, the Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic perspective. It discusses the introduction and development of psychology in this part of the world. Whenever such efforts are evaluated, six problems become apparent: (1) the one-way interaction with Western psychology; (2) the intellectual dependency; (3) the remote relationship with national heritage; (4) its irrelevance to cultural and social realities; (5) the inhibition of creativity; and (6) the loss of professional identity. Nevertheless, some major achievements are emphasized, and a four-facet look into the 21st century is proposed.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

CRYPTOCURRENCY PHENOMENON IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Артур Анатолійович Василенко
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
State University ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Graduate Student ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

UDC 336.74   Vasylenko Artur, post-graduate student. Mariupol State University. Cryptocurrency Phenomenon in the International Monetary System. The main prerequisites of cryptocurrency emergence in the international monetary system in terms of regionalization of the world economy are defined in the article. Determination of «cryptocurrency» category was analysed from the point of two main approaches to its treatment: on the one hand cryptocurrency is admitted to be the currency equally to the sovereign currency, and on the other hand it is considered as an unrecognized virtual asset. The main consequences which arise in case of widespread use of crypto currency for the country and for the parties that agreed to use cryptocurrency were analysed and systematized. On the basis of the research, given the current trends in the world economy, the author put forward and substantiated the hypothesis to classify the phenomenon of cryptocurrency as the effects of a famous philosophical «Negation of negation law» formulated by G. Hegel at the beginning of the XIX century.   Keywords: cryptocurrency, material money, electronic money, digital currency, regional currency integration, blockchain, mining, capitalization, «Negation of negation law».

Embracing multiculturalism of Canada: the roots & the present-day realities

2017 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bohatyrets
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Diplomacy ◽  
Equality And Diversity

The paper provides the framework for embracing multiculturalism as a source of national identity, a political ‘profession de foi’, and an engine for a government to gain positive outcomes, leading to better immigrant integration and economic advantages for any country in the world. Noteworthy, Canadian federal policy of multiculturalism, since its official adoption in 1971, is witnessed to work stunningly and in contrast to developments elsewhere – in Canada, public support for multiculturalism is seeing unprecedented growth. Currently, the diversity of the Canadian populace is increasing faster than at any time in its history; Canada’s ethnic makeup has notably altered over the time due to changing immigration patterns. According to the latest poll findings, 84% of Canadians agree with the statement that ‘Canada’s multicultural makeup is one of the best things about this country’; 61% of Canadians believe multiculturalism ‘strengthens national identity’. Moreover, released data from Environics reveals that 27% of Canadians believe ‘multiculturalism is the one characteristic about Canada that most deserves to be celebrated on its upcoming 150thanniversary. Undeniably, people around the world tend to view Canada as “good”. Importantly, the election of Justin Trudeau is viewed as an excellent opportunity to invigorate brand Canada. Noteworthy, brand Justin Trudeau is currently composed of his belief in and promotion of the values of tolerance, equality and diversity. While recognizing the value for society of the human dignity inherent in each individual, Trudeau’s government aims to push beyond mere tolerance to mutual understanding and respect. Keywords: Multiculturalism of Canada, immigration, digital diplomacy, brand, national identity, poll, ethnic groups

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