scholarly journals Marketing Tourism In The Galapagos Islands: Ecotourism Or Greenwashing?

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M. Self ◽  
Donald R. Self ◽  
Janel Bell-Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Tourist Destinations

Tourism accounts for approximately 7.5% - 15% of the world’s total employment and is the world’s most important service industry.  In heavily frequented tourist destinations such as the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, the importance is even higher.  International travel is projected to double by 2020 with over 1.5 billion people traveling throughout the world.  Within the tourism industry, ecotourism is the fastest growing sector, growing from 10 to 30 percent a year.  While exact definitions of ecotourism vary, ecotourism is defined by the International Tourism Society (TIES) as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people.”  A subset of sustainable tourism, ecotourism has a natural area focus, which benefits the environment and communities visited, fosters environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation and awareness.  Because there is no universally adopted certification program for ecotourism, tourism operators may market their operations as “ecotourism” while in reality they are “greenwashing.”  Greenwashers are dishonest tourism operators who embrace ecotourism as a new selling angle.  To greenwash is to promote ecotourism while effectively doing the opposite.  The Galapagos Islands is a popular destination for ecotourism. Beginning in the late 1960’s, the Galapagos tourism industry started with about 1,000 tourists per year and has boomed to 148,000 tourists in 2006.  This has caused several problems:  growing human population, introduction of alien and invasive species, and unwanted by-products from tourism.  As a result, in 2007, the Galapagos Islands were placed on UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites in Danger.  Because of the unique biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands, and the increase in tourism and its negative consequences, the Galapagos Islands presents an excellent example for a case study in marketing of ecotourism.  Using the criteria established by the Mohonk Agreement for responsible ecotourism, this paper examines the websites of ecotourism operators in the Galapagos Islands to determine the extent to which they are “ecotours” or “greenwashed tours.”   The implications for conservation of the islands and responsible marketing are discussed.

scholarly journals GENRE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNESCO STATEMENTS OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN THE LINGUOSTYLISTIC ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Shutemova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Reserve ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Verbal Representation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Outstanding Universal Value ◽  
The One

The paper considers a Statement of Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage Sites, which is one of the most important of UNESCO documents. The research is aimed at studying its genre characteristics both in terms of form and content. They are illustrated in the paper through the example of the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value of the Galapagos Islands, being one of the major sites on the UNESCO list. Based on discourse analysis of the text, the following interrelated characteristics of its genre have been distinguished: typical content, rigid composition, informativeness, intertextuality, accuracy, laconicism, clarity, persuasiveness, argumentativeness, axiology, expressiveness, imagery, rhetoricalness. The unity of these features distinguishes this genre from others and is determined by extralinguistic factors: the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value is aimed at describing and proving the unique value of the archipelago. The research shows that the genre is characterized by typical content which is developed coherently in accordance with the standard composition of the format. It contains factual, conceptual, and implicit information. To prove the outstanding universal value of the site, both factual and axiological arguments are used. The verbal representation of these features is characterized, on the one hand, by lingual units used in accordance with literary norms and direct meaning, as well as by precision lexicon. On the other hand, it is characterized by metaphors and evaluative lexicon. The key metaphor representing the essence of the archipelago in the document is that of ‘a unique living museum and showcase of evolution’. It is developed through the document in a wide range of contextual evaluative synonyms, epithets, rows of homogeneous phytonyms and zoonyms depicting the variety and special character of the flora and fauna of the Galapagos Islands and the Galapagos Marine Reserve, their unique seismic, volcanic, biological, ecological, geological, evolutionary processes. The intertextuality of the document means its connection with a wide range of the UN documents, as well as fiction, mass media, science.

scholarly journals Oceanic islands and climate: using a multi-criteria model of drivers of change to select key conservation areas in Galapagos

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Escobar-Camacho ◽  
Paulina Rosero ◽  
Mauricio Castrejón ◽  
Carlos F. Mena ◽  
Francisco Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Drivers Of Change

AbstractThe unique marine and terrestrial ecosystems of the Galapagos Islands are highly vulnerable to human-based drivers of change, including the introduction of invasive species, unsustainable tourism, illegal fishing, overexploitation of ecosystem services, and climate change. These drivers can interact with climate-based drivers such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at multiple temporal and spatial scales, exacerbating their negative impacts on already fragile ecosystems and the socioeconomic system of the Archipelago. In this review, we performed a literature review based on published literature from 1945 to 2020 and local and global climate databases to analyze drivers of change in the Galapagos. We developed and applied a spatial impact assessment model to identify high-ecological value areas with high sensitivity and exposure scores to environmental change drivers. We identified 13 priority HEVA that encompass ca. 23% (14,715 km2) of the Galapagos Archipelago, distributed in nearly 3% of the Galapagos Marine Reserve and 20% Galapagos National Park. Current and future impacts are likely to concentrate on the inhabited islands’ highlands, whereas marine impacts concentrate along most of the Galapagos Islands’ shorelines. These results are important for guiding the design and implementation of adaptation measures aimed at increasing ecosystem resilience and human adaptive capacity in the face of global environmental change. Overall, these results will be valuable in their application for preserving Galapagos biota, securing the provision of vital ecosystem services for resident human populations, and sustaining the nature-based tourism industry.

scholarly journals FORECASTING OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONSEQUENCES: GEOGRAPHICAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Olesia Iastremska ◽  
Oleksandra Kononova
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Travel ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Intersectoral Cooperation ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Tourism

Restrictions on transportation between countries because of lockdown caused by the prevalence of morbidity COVID-19 have slowed down economic activity worldwide. Therefore, in this paper, we examine and estimate the short-term economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global market situation in terms of the international tourism industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current economic situation of the world tourism sector, which suffered the most because of the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the main tourist flows (inbound and outbound tourism), and identify main tourism trends that characterize travel and tourism in 2020, to form practical directions for improving the tourism industry, domestic tourism in particular. This article analyzes the dynamics of international touristic destinations for the period 2019-2020, with regard to the pre-pandemic period and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Also, the dynamics of destinations of international tourists by different regions and the world in general for different types of travel limitations in 2020 are analyzed. It is detected an enhancement in percentage change of tourism destinations from July 2020 because the world began to open up to international tourism, mainly in the European Union. In this article, it is considered that the implementation of travel restrictions is clearly affected international travel. The dynamic of the international tourists’ destinations with a complete/partial closure of borders and other restrictions by region in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. The major trends in the tourism sector during the coronavirus crisis are highlighted. The main practical directions for the resuscitation of the tourism industry have been formed, which will have to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and created a basis for increasing the competitiveness of domestic tourism. It is determined that support for the development of the tourism industry at the central and local levels should be based on the expected preferences of tourists and the risk of using illegal resorts with the possibility of infection. The article examines the main problems of the tourism sphere of Ukraine, which arise as a result of the introduction of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic in the world and in Ukraine in particular. Using the experience of other countries and international recommendations, measures for intersectoral cooperation in the context of increased epidemic risks are proposed. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of the tourist sphere of Ukraine in the conditions of increased epidemic risks. Modern tendencies of functioning of the tourist sphere of the country are investigated. The tourism sector is suffering on a global scale due to the implementation of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic and the uncertainty of further development of the situation. According to various scenarios, in 2020 the volume of international tourist arrivals is expected to fall by 58-78% compared to last year. According to experts, the recovery of demand to the level of 2019 will take at least two years. According to experts, the sphere of tourist services of the coronavirus crisis period will be characterized by giving consumers priority in terms of choice of shorter rest periods, a predominance of individual movement and individual accommodation, choice of health, sea, and rural tourism.

NATIONAL AND WORLD HERITAGE AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
O. Beidyk ◽  
B. Semenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the hierarchy of fundamental world recreational and tourist resources. The qualitative-quantitative characteristics, the spatial distribution of UNESCO objects and the systematized data are presented. The structure of the UNESCO World Heritage sites is analyzed. Created schematic map of the structure and territorial distribution of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Ukraine. The advantages obtained by states when making their objects to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites are established. It is indicated that it contributes to the organization of monitoring and control of the state of conservation of natural and cultural objects. It is emphasized that UNESCO objects fall into the tourist guides of the world, and hence to the proposed routes of travel agencies. The factors that determine the presence of UNESCO objects in the country were analyzed. The geographic distribution of UNESCO World Heritage sites in the world and Ukraine is analyzed. The geographical distribution of the objects “Seven Wonders of Ukraine”, which were selected during the all-Ukrainian contest, was highlighted. An analysis of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Ukraine was conducted, their preliminary list. The attention is focused on the fact that the entry into the national list of intangible heritage in Ukraine is a necessary step for the objects to obtain the status of the “intangible heritage of UNESCO. The objects, which are included in the national list of intangible heritage in Ukraine, are analyzed. The map “The most significant recreational and tourist resources of Ukraine” was developed. It is noted that four of the seven Ukrainian objects of the UNESCO World Heritage Site are entirely within the territory of Ukraine. The remaining 3 objects are partly in the territory of other states. It was indicated that during the time of cooperation with the Organization Ukraine initiated many international programs and projects. Seven Ukrainian cultural-architectural and natural objects are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is noted that the large volume of quantitative and qualitative data obtained when selecting UNESCO objects contributes to the formation of informed cultural policies and the integration of culture in the development strategy, thereby contributing to the implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. The analysis made it possible to establish that the largest number of UNESCO World Heritage sites is concentrated in the European macroregion, thus Ukrainian entities that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage have to withstand significant competition in attracting international tourist flows. It is stated that the Asian market has the world’s largest tourism industry, and the number of objects of the World Heritage is second only to Europe.

scholarly journals Strategic management and demarketing in UNESCO WHSs: a comparative analysis of two Croatian tourist destinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (48) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Krajnović ◽  
Ivona Vrdoljak Raguz ◽  
Ivana Paula Gortan-Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Property Management ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
The World

AbstractThis paper studies the protected cultural property strategic management conducted by UNESCO, the World Heritage Sites (WHS). Its purpose is to explore the measure to which the system of such cultural property management is developed, since its meaning goes beyond the touristic purpose and indicates the world’s cultural property. Two Croatian tourist destinations are examined – Dubrovnik and Poreč. At the end of the paper, a comparative analysis of the two investigated cases is presented with the aim of presenting the research results and designing a personal model and conceptual frame of action to create a more efficient management system for protected heritage at all levels

Quality of Tourism in World Heritage Sites: A Way towards Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Bipithalal Balakrishnan NAIR
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Multiple Viewpoints ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Quality Issues ◽  
Management Issues

Quality issues around tourism are indicators for tourism demand, destination development, the visitor’s experience; environmental quality; and community participation. However, the search for quality issues in the tourism industry has been developed further through a one-dimensional approach concentrating specific questions on certain areas of tourism. This study intends to envisage the paradigm of tourism quality as a tool for overall destination development. This research has adopted an interpretive approach to explore multiple viewpoints about the quality of tourism. The findings explore the visitor’s experience, the residents’ perceptions, local issues, and destination management issues associated with the group of monuments in Mahabalipuram. This study enhances tourism literature by offering a framework of quality of tourism, which can be used as a gap analysis tool to identify the core areas of required development. The study also provided implications for management.

scholarly journals Sociocultural Impacts of Tourism on Residents of World Cultural Heritage Sites in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhuang ◽  
Yong Yao ◽  
Jun (Justin) Li
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The development of tourism induces changes in the social character of a destination. Tourism is a globalized business activity and thus presents growing challenges in terms of traditional social culture. With the continuous development of the tourism industry, traditional social culture has changed dramatically at many World Heritage sites (WHSs). Additionally, the growing dependence of many regions’ economies on the tourism industry has brought about an inexorable shift in the perception of many rural residents. These transformations include the impact of tourism development and its economic efficiency on inhabitants’ traditional values, lifestyles, and interpersonal relationship in ancient villages serving as WHSs. A qualitative analysis including participatory in-depth interviews was conducted to compare changes in the social culture induced by tourism development at the WHS comprising three ancient villages in China. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis was chosen to examine the impact of tourism development on residents’ perceptions of changes in moral values. The results demonstrate that tourism development is the major catalyst for change in local residents’ moral values.

scholarly journals The Potentials of Tourism Industry in Uzbekistan and Effective Use of Them for Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ergashev Ramziddin Fakriddinovich
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Effective Use

Tourism is one of the most growing industries that it contributes to the development of most countries especially, developing ones. It creates a huge number of jobs, improves the lifestyle of people and boosts the economy of the country. Uzbekistan has its own potentials in the sphere of tourism mostly connected with culture, history, religion, and traditions, and the government is also paying much attention to the development of the tourism sector. The article examines the problems in tourism sphere that Uzbekistan has to tackle and suggests solutions to them. It also gives information about the potentials that the country has including climate, nature, exotic landscapes, culture, mountains and foods and steps that should be taken in order to use them effectively which guarantee sustainable development. One of the most important steps is to use the most recent technologies and innovations to improve tourism and make it much more comfortable for tourists. Making services available online and teaching qualified and competitive staff are also considered as crucial steps. All products and all the services should be interconnected with each other. Reducing unnecessary limitations for travel agencies, hotels or entertaining places would also contribute to the development of the hospitality business. Increasing the contribution of the tourism industry to our GDP should be our main goal since its contribution is less than 3% while in most countries it accounts for 10-45%. The main type of tourism in Uzbekistan is cultural tourism since it has more than 7300 cultural heritages and over 200 of them are listed among UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Samarkand, Bukhara, and Toshkent are the best places to improve Ziyarat Tourism. Another most important point would be focusing on the promotion and changing the people’s opinions about Uzbekistan which are often negative.

scholarly journals Heritage objects as a resource for the development of tourism within the states and territories of Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Duk ◽  
Iryna M. Sumatokhina ◽  
Iryna S. Dmytrenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics ◽  
Historical Past

The article discusses the Australian heritage sites as a resource base for the introduction of new tourist destinations. The relevance of the study of Australian tourism resources related to the increase in tourist flow, the prospects for the development of various types of tourism and the growing interest Ukrainian tourists are taking in this country is substantiated. The significant tourist potential of the country, the uniqueness and specificity of its components are highlighted: natural (primarily, vegetation and wildlife, as well as relief and climate), historical and cultural objects.It is noted the historical and cultural potential deserves to be in greater demand, because a large number of objects of historical and cultural heritage retain and disseminate authentic information about the historical past of the country, its ethnic, cultural characteristics and traditions. The purpose of the work is to explore the distribution of various heritage objects within the states and territories of Australia as an important resource for the development of various types of tourism. The database of the research is the information from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the website of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. The paper analyses and assesses the number, composition, and degree of diversity of heritage sites and theirlocations on the territory of administrative units. The study was completed using methods of mapping, geographical analysis, information analysis techniques, namely the calculation of the entropy index. It was found that the regions of Australia provide outstanding diverse and unique resources, which creates preconditions for the development of new tourist destinations and the further growth of the tourism industry. The states and territories with the largest number and diverse composition of heritage sites and significant potential opportunities for the development of various types of tourism are identified. It was noted that Australia is a new active tourist destination for Ukrainian tourists that has significant prospects. Inaddition to the classic excursion routes and visits to wildlife parks, there are popular combined routes such as: excursion program with a beach holiday; combination of excursions with active tourism; professional training programs for agricultural workers combined with visiting heritage sites and beach recreation.New tourist routes are associated with the development of author’s tours with a unique program in accordance with the features of the country and the wishes of tourists and the wider use of the country’s historical and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Proficiency of Foreign Languages: A Study of the Approved Tourist Guides of Aurangabad Region

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Madhuri T Sawant ◽  
Rajesh N Ragde
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Tourist Guides

Human resources development for tourism industry is one of the most important issues for accelerating tourism growth. The need of human resource development is underlined by the fact that the tourism industry is a hospitality function and the qualify of service provided by the personnel engaged in the industry has direct bearing on the hospitality function. The service is provided from people to people and it directly reflects the attitude, knowledge and orientation of engaged personnel. Therefore, though the Aurangabad region has got two of the most unique and historically important World Heritage Sites of Ajanta and Ellora; the comparable visitation experience can only be achieved if the caliber of guides is in tune with the available tourism products.

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