scholarly journals HIV Antibody Seroprevalence and Determinants Amongst Antenatal Clients in a Tertiary Hospital in the Niger Delta

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Kotingo E.L. ◽  
Allagoa D.O.B.
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The pandemicity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continued to be a ‘medical quagmire,’ one of the most serious global catastrophe and public health problem that plagues the world today. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence and clinico-epidemiological correlates of HIV infection in pregnancy. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional study. Two hundred and twenty (220) consecutive healthy pregnant women attending the antenatal booking clinic of the hospital who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Data was collected via a questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS (statistical package forsocial sciences) 22 statistical package (SPSS Inc., Illinois, U.S.A). P value less than 0.05 was taken as being significant. Results: Of the 220 women, 4.6% (n=10) were seropositive for HIV antibodies. Multiple sexual partners was the significant risk factors for HIV seropositivity (p<0.05). There was no significant association with respect to tattoo/scarification marks, female circumcision, previous blood transfusion, intravenous drug abuse or sharing of sharps, previous surgery, episiotomies or dilatation and curettage (p>0.05). Conclusion: The high endemicity of HIV infection in this study justifies the need for routine screening in pregnancy to identify and institute treatment of the infection promptly as this will reduce the mother to child transmission of the virus. Sex education on the dangers of multiple sexual partners or sexual promiscuity, availability of barrier methods of contraception and patronage, more efforts/interventions by relevant agencies, high sense of vigilance amongst others are very vital to curtailing this global pandemic in our society.

scholarly journals Assessment on awareness towards preventive measures of COVID-19 in Sheka, Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaye Belay Gelaw ◽  
Solomon Abebaw Andargie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Prevention Methods

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it is the most important of public health problem worldwide. A critical element in tackling the COVID-19 crisis is personal behavioral change; however, there is a paucity of evidence about peoples’ awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the people’s awareness status towards COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 10th to 21th April 2020. Four hundred-nineteen individuals participated during the study. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors of awareness status, and variables with p-value<0.05 indicated it significantly influences the awareness status of the individuals towards COVID-19.Results: According to the study’s results, nearly half (49.4 %) of the participants had awareness about COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as sex, education level, religion, symptom, and knowing prevention methods were significantly associated with awareness of individuals towards COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents who did know all prevention methods (AOR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 51.9) are more likely to aware of COVID-19 than their counterparts.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a low awareness status among people towards COVID-19.Hence, programs to improve awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic is is essential to prevent and control the pandemic.

scholarly journals Assessment on awareness towards preventive measures of COVID-19 in Sheka, Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaye Belay Gelaw ◽  
Solomon Abebaw Andargie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Prevention Methods

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is the most important of public health problem worldwide. A critical element in tackling the COVID-19 crisis is personal behavioral change. However, there is a paucity of evidence about peoples’ awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic. This study is aimed to assess the people’s awareness status towards COVID-19 in Sheka, South, Nation, Nationalities, and Peoples of the Regional State (SNNPR), Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 10th to 21th months of April 2020. A total of 419study participants were included during the study. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors of awareness status. Variables with p-value<0.05 were considered significant influences of the awareness.Results: Of all respondents in the study, nearly half (49.4 %) of the participants had awareness aboutCOVID-19 pandemic. Sex, education level, religion, symptom, and knowing prevention methods were factors significantly associated with an awarenessof COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents who did know all prevention methods (AOR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 51.9) are more likely to aware of COVID-19 than their counterparts.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a low awareness status among people towards COVID-19.Hence, programs to improve awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic is essential to prevent and control the pandemic.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Monitoring migrant groups as a post-validation surveillance approach to contain the potential reemergence of lymphatic filariasis in Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Ameyo Dorkenoo ◽  
Martin Kouame Tchankoni ◽  
Degninou Yehadji ◽  
Kossi Yakpa ◽  
Mawèké Tchalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Positive Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Investigation ◽  
Migrant Groups

Abstract Background In March 2017, Togo was declared the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem, but post-validation surveillance has been lacking. In some areas of the country, migrant groups from neighboring countries that are still endemic for LF pose a risk of reintroduction of LF to Togo. The objective of this study was to identify the risk posed by migrant groups by measuring their prevalence of LF infection and investigating any positive case using Togo’s case investigation algorithm to prevent resurgence of LF and sustain Togo’s elimination success. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the northernmost region of the country. Three migrant populations were identified: (i) nomadic Peuhls, (ii) Togolese members of local communities who migrate annually to neighboring countries for seasonal labor, and (iii) refugees from Ghana who came to Togo because of a communal conflict in Ghana. A questionnaire was designed to collect data on demographics and history of LF and MDA; all participants were tested for circulating filariasis antigen (CFA) using the filariasis test strip (FTS). Any CFA-positive case was confirmed with nocturnal microfilaremia. Results Refugees, seasonal economic migrants and nomadic Peuhls represented 42.1%, 31.4% and 26.5% of the study participants, respectively. The overall prevalence of CFA was 4.2% (58/1391) with the highest prevalence in the nomadic Peuhl group (11.9%), but only one of them (0.07%) was confirmed positive with nocturnal microfilaremia. Using the case investigation algorithm, no other positive case was identified in the positive case’s surroundings. Conclusion This study demonstrates that nomadic Peuhls, with a CFA prevalence of 11.9%, pose a potential risk for reintroduction of LF into Togo while Ghanaian refugees and seasonal economic migrants do not appear to pose a significant risk. Periodic monitoring of migrants, especially the nomadic Peuhl population, is a potential post-validation surveillance approach that could be used to promptly detect any LF cluster that may arise.

Comparative assessment of overweight/obesity among rural and urban reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Evidence from a cross-sectional 2016 national survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098234
Author(s):  
Gizachew Worku Dagnew ◽  
Melash Belachew Asresie
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Background: Overweight/obesity has become a global health problem for both developed and developing regions. Nowadays, overweight/obesity among childrearing-age women has become rapidly increasing in both urban and rural areas. Aim: This study aimed to assess the variation of overweight/obesity among urban and rural reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods: For this study, the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data were used. The survey was a community-based cross-sectional study, which used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique to select the participants. A total of 13,451 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. Both descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used as the measure of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among urban reproductive-age women was statistically higher ( p = 21.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 18.2–25.1) than the rural women ( p = 3.5%; 95% CI: 2.9%–4.2%). Women who attend secondary or above education, women in the age groups 25–34 and ≥ 35 years, and high wealth index (rich) had higher odds of overweight/obesity in both urban and rural women. Moreover, women who were married, who had a large family size, and who have a history of alcohol intake had higher odds of overweight/obesity among urban women. Conclusions: Overweight/obesity among reproductive-age women is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially for women who are living in urban settings. Therefore, it is important to establish targeted overweight reduction programs with particular emphasis on urban, older aged, educated, and married women. Additionally, encouraging the limitation of the number of family size and alcohol intake can reduce women’s overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals High HIV prevalence and associated factors in a remote community in the Rwenzori region of Western Uganda

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rubaihayo ◽  
Akib Surat ◽  
Mughusu Ezekiel ◽  
Abaasa Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Western Uganda

In Uganda, previous studies have shown a tremendous decline in HIV prevalence over the past two decades due to changes in sexual behavior with a greater awareness of the risks involved. However, studies in Fort-Portal municipality, a rural town in Western Uganda, continued to show a persistent high HIV prevalence despite the various interventions in place. We conducted a study to establish the current magnitude of HIV prevalence and the factors associated with HIV prevalence in this community. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2008. Participants were residents of Fort-Portal municipality aged 15-49 years. A population-based HIV sero-survey and a clinical review of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and HIV Testing (VCT) records were used to collect quantitative data. An inteviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data on social deographics, risk behaviour and community perceptions. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews provided supplementary data on community perceptions. Logistic regression was used in the analysis. The overall HIV prevalence in the general population was 16.1% [95% CI; 12.5-20.6]. Prevalence was lower among women (14.5%; 95% CI; 10.0-19.7) but not significantly different from that among men (18.7%; 95% CI; 12.5-26.3) (c2=0.76, P=0.38). Having more than 2 sexual partners increased the odds of HIV by almost 2.5 times. None or low education and age over 35 years were independently associated with HIV prevalence (P<0.05). Most participants attributed the high HIV prevalence to promiscuity/multiple sexual partners (32.5%), followed by prostitution (13.6%), alcoholism (10.1%), carelessness (10.1%), poverty (9.7%), ignorance (9.5%)), rape (4.7%), drug abuse (3.6%) and others (malice/malevolence, laziness, etc.) (6.2%). Although there was a slight decline compared to previous reports, the results from this study confirm that HIV prevalence is still high in this community. In order to prevent new infections, the factors mentioned above need to be addressed, and we recommend that education aimed at changing individual behavior should be intensified in this community.

scholarly journals Perception on Management of Nursing Education Institutes among Bachelors Students in Selected Nursing Colleges at Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Bhuwan Kumari Dangol ◽  
Narbada Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Goals

Management is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivating and controlling, and an effective utilization of the resources to reach the organizational goals efficiently and effectively. Management has a crucial role in quality of work and production in any institutions. Although a rapid increase of Nursing Education Institutions in Nepal since last decade which had been trained thousands of nursing cadres, the management aspects of these institutions are not studied adequately. Thus current study intended to explore the current status of Nursing Education Institution Management as experienced and perceived by the bachelors nursing students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing institutions in Kathmandu valley. Of the total 28 in the valley, 14 were selected purposively. From the selected institutions, all 377 eligible students currently in final year of study were selected. Among them, 208were from BSN and 169 were from B Sc program.  The data was collected through the self administered structured questioners after taking informed consent. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 16 software. The findings of the study show that 70% students were satisfied in institutional management (mean59.62, SD ± 3.66). In academic management (78%), (mean139.82, SD ± 6.22), followed by human resources 67%, (mean43.54, SD ± 2.79) and were in physical resources management 75% students were satisfied (mean45.02, SD ± 3.08). Analysis of variations between group (administrators, faculties, students) found statistical significance (p value <0.05). So it is concluded the perception of students, faculties and administrator were different on managing the nursing education.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor kejadian wasting pada anak balita 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Bulili Kota Palu: Studi cross sectional

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Hepti Muliyati ◽  
Menis Mbali ◽  
Hadidja Bando ◽  
Riana Pangestu Utami ◽  
Opyn Mananta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Wasting on children is an important public health problem because of its considerable impact on their health and growth. This problem could lead to iron deficiency which could induce infection disease and probably lower a child’s intelligence as a long-term effect. This study aimed to analyze factors related to wasting on 12-59 months children in Bulili Public Health Center (PHC), Palu City. The analytical descriptive study designed with a cross-sectional approach was applied in this study. One hundred and twenty-one subject was selected from 283 children with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher exact test with significant (p < 0,05). The result showed that most children with low birth weight experienced wasting with a p-value = 0,000. Most of the children from higher-income families did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,004. Most children who didn’t receive breastfeeding milk did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,958. This study concluded a correlation between low birth weight and income to wasting, but breastfeeding practice was not related.

scholarly journals FAKTOR DURASI MENDERITA DM TIPE 2 MEMPENGARUHI PERUBAHAN KEMAMPUAN EFIKASI DIRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Nurul Kartika Sari ◽  
Rivan Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
As Stress

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) cases increased by 776 cases from the previous year based on data from Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Hospital. There are many changes that occur in the life of people with type 2 diabetes, such as stress, anxiety, anger, and feeling useless. These problems can be minimized if the patient also has the knowledge and ability as well as good self-efficacy to manage the disease by doing self-care. Aim: To analyze the factors associated with the self-efficacy of type 2 DM patients. Methods: a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The purposive sampling technique for Type 2 DM patients at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda, totaling 60 respondents from September-October 2018. Results: showed a significant relationship between duration of suffering and self-efficacy of DM patients with a p value <0.001, and there was no significant relationship between age, sex, education level, knowledge, motivation and self-efficacy with a p value> 0.001. Conclusion: The duration of type 2 diabetes is related to the patient's self-efficacy ability.  

scholarly journals Merokok dan Karies Gigi di Indonesia: Analisis Lanjut Riskesdas 2013

2019 ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Indirawati Tjahja
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Low Educated

Abstrak Merokok merupakan hal yang biasa ditemui di dunia khususnya di Indonesia. Kebiasaan merokok ini banyak dijumpai pada orang yang berpendidikan tinggi, rendah, berbagai umur, muda maupun umur lanjut, laki-laki, perempuan, bekerja, tidak bekerja, miskin maupun tidak miskin, meskipun merokok diketahui mengganggu kesehatan. Karies gigi merupakan masalah yang utama pada kesehatan gigi–mulut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, dan merokok dengan karies gigi. Metode dengan menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Sampel penelitian adalah semua anggota rumah tangga yang berusia 15 tahun ke atas. Sampel karies gigi berjumlah 173.828 orang. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara merokok dengan karies gigi dengan nilai p:0,664. Namun terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, sosial ekonomi dengan karies gigi dengan nilai p: 0,000. Bagi perokok maupun bukan perokok yang mempunyai masalah dengan karies gigi sebaiknya ke dokter gigi untuk dilakukan perawatan gigi berupa penambalan gigi atau perawatan saluran akar gigi. Kata kunci: merokok, karies gigi, riskesdas Abstract Smoking is a common behaviur in the world, especially in Indonesia. We meet this smoking habit in people who are highly or low educated, in various ages, include men, women although smoking is known to be dangerous interfere with they are health. Dental caries is a major problem in oral health. Objective whether there is a relationship between smoking and dental caries, is there a relationship between age, sex, education, occupation and socio-economic. The purpose of this study is there a relationship between smoking behavior and dental caries. Method by using the a Cross Sectional research design. The sample of study was all household members aged 15 years and over. The dental caries samples numbered 173,828 people. There was no relationship between smoking behavior and dental caries, with p value of 0.664. But there is a meaningful relationship between the variables of age, gender, socio-economic, education, occupation, with dental caries with p value: 0,000. For smokers and non smokers who have problems with dental caries should go to the dentist and having the dental care in the form of dental fillings or root canal treatment. Keywords: smoking, dental caries, riskesdas

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