scholarly journals WORK EXPERIENCE BUREAU OF FORENSIC MEDICINE OF MOSCOW REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF A PANDEMIC CAUSED BY A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Common Sign

The article presents the results of studying cases of deaths of individuals from a new coronavirus infection according to forensic research. Aim. Based on the study of the results of forensic research of corpses to generalize and identify patterns of damage to internal organs and body systems in cases of death from COVID-19 without medical assistance. Material and methods. We studied 198 cases of fatal outcomes from a new coronavirus infection. We determined the frequency of fatal outcomes in various age groups. The leading morphological manifestations of internal organ lesions were established. Absolute (abs) and relative (%) frequencies were calculated for qualitative variables. Conclusion. In the structure of mortality from COVID-19 outside medical organizations, the proportion of deaths of elderly (60-80 years) and senile (over 80 years) age was 74.2%. Among the internal organs, the lungs are the most susceptible to changes. in 77.8% of cases, pathological changes corresponded to the acute phase of diffuse alveolar damage. In addition to lung damage, the most common sign was the depletion of spleen parenchyma by lymphocytes, indicating an immune inflammatory response of the body. The identified characteristic morphological signs of alveolar lung damage in OT CAVID-19 can be used as a differential diagnosis of lung damage from shocks of other etiology

COVID-19: WHAT PEDIATRICIANS LEARNED ABOUT PECULIARITIES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AFTER YEAR OF FIGHTING IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
L.S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Baranov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact

A year ago, the world heard about an outbreak of a new severe coronavirus infection in China, which later, after its rapid spread across the globe, WHO defined as a pandemic. Pediatricians, of course, expected the worst-case scenario and mass illness of the most vulnerable patients – children and people of older age groups with a new infectious disease. From the immunological point of view, everything is obvious – the new pathogen is most dangerous for those who have not yet formed a defense against it, or for those with weakened defense. But it quickly became clear that, unlike, for example, a flu pandemic, there is an unexpected situation when adults, including elderly and senile patients, become seriously ill and die, and children remain practically outside the spread of the infectious process. During a year of living «in a new reality», not only physicians, but all of humanity learned to respond to a new infectious challenge, empirically looking for possible therapeutic or diagnostic interventions and at the same time trying to plan and implement scientific research that would help shed light on the questions posed. For the first time, the international medical community united to perform serious clinical trials of drugs that were proposed for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. As a result of actions of scientists and clinicians around the world, answers to some questions were obtained, however, most of the information on the impact of the new coronavirus on the human body, including children, is still unavailable to medical practitioners. The review presents latest data on the causative agent of the new coronavirus infection, its effect on the body of children and adults, describes peculiarities of immune response to the new virus, and outlines basic principles of managing such patients in real clinical practice.

DYNAMICS OF QUAIL LIVER TOPOGRAPHY IN POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Golovchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Liver Growth ◽  
Narrow Bridge

The article presents the results of the studied dynamics of topographic changes in liver growth in different age groups. For the study, Texas quail was taken from one day old to 30 days old. As a result of the study, it was revealed that with age, there are no pathological changes in the structures of the organ. The boundaries of the liver in the body cavity of the quail were established: the liver dorso-cranially borders with the apex of the heart, and dorso-caudally with the cranial edge of the muscular part of the stomach; the liver lobes are interconnected in the cranial part by a narrow bridge. With age, the quail liver becomes irregular in shape, which is due to compression from the internal organs.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristic of coronavirus infection of the first and second waves of the pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
A.P. Nadeev ◽  
◽  
D.V. Morozov ◽  
M.A. Travin ◽  
K.A. Nizovtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Productive Phase ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction. A peculiarity of the first two waves of the epidemic of a novel coronavirus infection was that during their development only diagnostic methods, treatment regimens and anti-epidemic measures were only being developed, there were no vaccines and no mass vaccination was carried out. In this regard, the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection of the first two waves is characterized by spontaneous progression of the disease. Aim of the research. Comparative study of morphological and clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection in the 1st and 2nd waves of the pandemic in 2020. Materials and methods. The autopsy protocols of deceased patients at the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Novosibirsk) during the 1st (May — June 2020) (1st group) and 2nd (October — December 2020) (2nd group) waves of the epidemic were analyzed. The 1st group included 30 cases, that is 14 women (46.7%) and 16 men (53.3%), in the 2nd — 110 cases, of which 43 were women (39.1%) and 67 – men (60.9%). In all cases, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs from the patients was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ICD-10 code: U07.1) as the principal diagnosis in both the 1st and 2nd waves was recorded in more than 66% of observations. Among the comorbidities, the circulatory and endocrine disorders (primarily diabetes mellitus and obesity), kidneys and urinary tract diseases, mainly chronic pyelonephritis, prevailed. The COVID-19 pneumonia was predominantly bilateral polysegmental serоhemorrhagic in nature, however, in the 1st wave of the pandemic, the frequency of subtotal and seropurulent pneumonias was higher than in patients hospitalized during the 2nd wave. Diffuse alveolar damage in the 1st wave of the epidemic was characterized by the predominance of the early (exudative) phase of inflammation, in contrast to the 2nd wave, which was characterized by the predominance of the late (productive) phase in patients. Histologically, in patients of the 1st wave, the signs of exudative inflammation and hemorrhagic phenomena (with neutrophils and hyaline membranes in the alveoli, infarctions caused by thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism) prevailed. In the 2nd wave, signs of productive inflammation were more common in the lungs (predominance of macrophages in the alveoli, organizing pneumonia (pneumofibrosis), squamous cell metaplasia). Conclusion. The differences in the course of the novel coronavirus infection in the 1st and 2nd waves of the 2020 epidemic concerned primarily the frequency and structure of comorbidities and the level of polymorbidity, which were higher in patients during the 2nd wave. The severity of lung damage in patients of the 2nd wave was less pronounced: subtotal bilateral pneumonias were less common, lower lobe seropurulent pneumonias were more common. Diffuse alveolar damage in the 1st wave of the epidemic was characterized by the predominance of the early (exudative) phase, in contrast to the 2nd wave, which was characterized by the predominance of the late, productive phase of inflammation.

The effect of osteopathic correction on the function of external respiration in patients after COVID -19 coronavirus pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
A. F. Belyaev ◽  
T. S. Kharkovskaya ◽  
O. N. Fotina ◽  
A. A. Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Single Procedure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Introduction. The 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2) posed a serious threat to public health around the world. Postcoid syndrome (post-COVID-19 condition, according to ICD-10 code U09 State after COVID-19 or Postcoid state, Postcoid syndrome) is a pathological condition after a coronavirus infection, accompanied by cardio-respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, metabolic disorders. According to a number of studies, osteopathic methods of correction increase the lymph flow, immunological protection of the body, help to reduce pain, reduce the restriction of mobility in the chest, and therefore improve the function of external respiration. There are practically no studies that allow assessing the effect of osteopathic correction methods on the function of external respiration at the modern evidence-based level in patients who have undergone COVID pneumonia.The aim was to study the effect of a single procedure of osteopathic correction on the function of external respiration in patients during the rehabilitation period after coronavirus pneumonia.Materials and methods. On the basis of the Primorsky Institute of Vertebroneurology and Manual Medicine (Vladivostok) the rehabilitation of patients after coronavirus pneumonia was carried out using osteopathic correction. The study included 73 patients over the age of 60 years with varying degrees of lung damage and impaired respiratory function. To assess the function of external respiration, spirometry was performed and the vital capacity of the lungs was assessed; pulse oximetry was performed to measure the saturation of arterial blood hemoglobin with oxygen (SpO2). Osteopathic testing and treatment were carried out according to clinical guidelines, and the biomechanics of the chest was additionally investigated. The Statistica-10 software package was used for the statistical analysis of the obtained data.Results. Osteopathic examination revealed the presence of local somatic dysfunctions in 98,8 % of patients (spinal dysfunction, rib dysfunction, diaphragm dysfunction). 87,6 % of patients were diagnosed with regional somatic dysfunctions of thoracic region. Global somatic dysfunctions were diagnosed in 78,4 % of patients. After a single procedure of osteopathic correction, patients had a statistically significant improvement of the external respiration function, manifested in an increase in vital capacity from 78,27±2,79 to 85,36±3,38 % (p=0,0006). Also, the effectiveness of osteopathic correction is confirmed by a significant increase in the average hemoglobin saturation of arterial blood with oxygen. Thus, in patients with low SpO2 levels, the index increased from 94,21±0,21 to 95,09±0,3 % (p=0,02). After a single osteopathic correction procedure, the number of patients with local somatic dysfunctions decreased from 98,8 to 17,7 %; global somatic dysfunctions were revealed only in 16,3 % of patients. All patients noted an improvement in their general condition, a decrease in symptoms of respiratory discomfort and shortness of breath, and an increase in chest excursion.Conclusion. A single procedure of somatic dysfunctions' osteopathic correction in patients after coronavirus pneumonia leads to a statistically significant improvement in respiratory function. The vital capacity and the oxygen saturation of the blood increase in patients. This is caused by the increase of the mobility of the chest (increase in its excursion), diaphragm, ribs, spine. The obtained results allow recommend the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the rehabilitation programs for patients who have undergone coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in young people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Х. Hурпейсова ◽  
Л.К. Алимова ◽  
Ж.Б. Понежева ◽  
И.В. Маннанова ◽  
К.Н. Попова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Оценены клинико-лабораторные показатели у больных молодого возраста, госпитализированных в инфекционный стационар с диагнозом COVID-19. В исследование было включено 89 больных с диагнозом «коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19» в возрасте от 18 до 44 лет, средний возраст – 35,8 ± 1,6 года: 59 (66,3%) мужчин и 30 (33,7%) женщин. Клиническая картина заболевания у большинства пациентов характеризовалась наличием двусторонней вирусной пневмонии в 97% случаев. Сопутствующие заболевания имели место у 32 больных (36%), чаще всего в группе от 35 до 40 лет, при этом доля сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и ожирения составила 51%. Легкая степень тяжести регистрировалась у 3 (3,4%) больных, средняя – у 86 (96,6%) пациентов. У мужчин по сравнению с женщинами чаще наблюдались симптомы интоксикации (50,6% против 28,2%) и одышка (28,2% против 10,1%), сухой кашель, дисгевзия и потеря аппетита. У 73% больных регистрировали разной степени дыхательную недостаточность (ДН), у четверти (26%) не было признаков ДН. По данным КТ в момент госпитализации повреждение легочной ткани различной степени наблюдалось у 88% больных. В динамике у большинства пациентов отмечалось снижение степени повреждения легких, но в 30% случаев отсутствовал регресс поражения легких на момент окончания периода госпитализации. Установлено, что COVID-19 у пациентов молодого возраста протекает с высокой вероятностью развития осложнений в виде пневмонии, течение которой имеет доброкачественный характер. Отсутствие регресса вирусной пневмонии у более трети пациентов требует диспансерного наблюдения всех переболевших и мониторирования лабораторных параметров в динамике для выявления и оценки последствий перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции, а также необходимость дальнейшего углубленного изучения клинико-иммунологических особенностей течения COVID-19 в различных возрастных группах. Clinical and laboratory parameters in young patients hospitalized in an infectious hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated. The study included 89 patients with a diagnosis of «covid-19 Coronavirus infection» aged 18 to 44 years, the average age was 35,8 ± 1,6 years (59 (66,3%) men and 30 (33,7%) women). The clinical picture of the disease in most patients was characterized by the presence of bilateral viral pneumonia in 97% of cases. Concomitant diseases occurred in 32 patients (36%), most often in the group from 35 to 40 years, while the share of cardiovascular diseases and obesity was 51%. Mild severity was registered in 3 (3,4%) patients, average-in 86 (96,6%) patients. Men compared to women were more likely to have symptoms of intoxication (50,6% vs. 28,2%) and shortness of breath (28,2% vs. 10,1%), dry cough, dysgeusia and loss of appetite. In 73% of patients, respiratory failure (DN) was registered to varying degrees, and a quarter (26%) had no signs of DN. According to CT data, at the time of hospitalization, lung tissue damage of varying degrees was observed in 88% of patients. In dynamics, most patients showed a decrease in the degree of lung damage, but in 30% of cases there was no regression of lung damage at the end of the hospitalization period. COVID-19 in young patients is highly likely to develop complications in the form of pneumonia, the course of which is benign. The lack of regression of viral pneumonia more than one third of patients require follow-up all survivors and monitoring the laboratory parameters in dynamics for the identification and evaluation of consequences coronavirus infection and the need for further in-depth study of clinical and immunological characteristics of the course COVID-19 in different age groups.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
N. A. Petrenko ◽  
V. Yu. Reminnyi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONGST STUDENTS IN UTTAR PRADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kohli ◽  
Neha Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Postgraduate Level

This research paper analyses factors that impact entrepreneurial intention among graduate and postgraduate students enrolled in professional courses at government and private institutes in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The objective of this study is to analyze whether the student’s academic background, demographic profile and family background impact various factors that affect entrepreneurial intention. The study was conducted during 2015-16 on a sample of 460 student respondents across various cities of Uttar Pradesh.The results of the analysis indicate that students of male gender, belonging to higher income, in older age groups, having work experience, enrolled in government institutes, belonging to business background and enrolled at postgraduate level are more likely to consider entrepreneurship as a more attractive career option, perceive that it is easier to start and do business, have more positive perception about family and societal support they receive in entrepreneurial career choice, are more open to risks and are more confident about their entrepreneurial skills and knowledge . The students having work experience, enrolled in government institutes, and belonging to business background are more likely to find availability of capital as a constraint in entrepreneurial career. The students belonging to older age groups, having work experience and enrolled in government institutes are more likely to consider availability of land/premise and resources as a constraint in entrepreneurial choice. The findings of this study will be instrumental in understanding and in designing policy imperatives for promoting entrepreneurship in the state.Key Words: Entrepreneurial intention, Students, Demographic factors, Family background, Educational background.

Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Habeeb ◽  
Manju Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

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