Vermisidal dan Ovisidal Ekstrak Metanol Biji Pepaya Muda Terhadap Ascaridia galli Secara In-Vitro

2018 ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Kristina Sartika Sonda ◽  
Samsuri Samsuri ◽  
Ida Bagus Made Oka
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Lethal Time

Di dalam biji pepaya muda terkandung beberapa zat aktif seperti glikosida, alkaloid karpain, benzyl-isothiocianate (BITC) dan enzim papain yang telah terbukti dapat membunuh cacing dan menghambat daya berembrio telur cacing Ascaridia galli. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui vermisidal dan ovisidal ekstrak methanol biji pepaya muda terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli.  Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni  untuk uji vermisidal terdiri dari 6 perlakuan (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) dan 5 ulangan, sedangkan untuk uji ovisidal dibagi menjadi dua uji, yaitu kontak langsung dan kontak tidak langsung. Perlakuan yang diberikan; Kontrol Negatif (P0) dengan larutan NaCl Fisiologis, Kontrol Positif (P1) dengan larutan Albendazole (Benzamidazole 0,15 ml/kg berat badan), perlakuan II (P2), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,07 %, perlakuan III (P3), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,14 %, perlakuan IV (P4), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,21 %, perlakuan V (P5), ekstrak biji pepaya muda 0,28 %. Untuk uji vermisidal data dianalisis dengan Analisis Probit untuk mengetahui LC100 (Lethal Concentration) dan LT100 (Lethal Time) dari ekstrak biji pepaya muda sedangkan untuk uji ovisidal data dianalisis dengan Sidik Ragam Hasil penelitian vermisidal didapatkan LC100 ekstrak biji pepaya muda adalah 0,371 % dan LT100 34,614 jam. Untuk uji ovisidal kontak langsung dan kontak tidak langsung didapatkan bahwa ekstrak biji pepaya muda berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,05) terhadap daya berembrio telur cacing Ascaridia galli. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak biji pepaya muda efektif sebagai vermisidal dan ovisidal kontak langsung terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli secara in-vitro.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Permot Leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) Towards Mortality of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Intan Nurcahya ◽  
Ratna Damayanti ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Agus Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Passiflora Foetida

This study had three fold objective which were finding the effectiveness of ethanol extract of permot leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) towards mortality of Rhpicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) larvae in vitro and also identifying lethal concentration and lethal time. Completely randomized design was used with six treatments and four replications. Five R. sanguineus were used in the treatment for all replication. The observation of mortality was done every ten minutes in five hours. Rhpicephalus sanguineus larvae were dead if there was no movement. The collected data was analyzed using ANOVA factorial and followed by Duncan’s test. The obtained data showed that ethanol extract of permot’s leaf ethanol extract was effective toward mortality of R. sanguineus larvae in vitro. The suspension of 10% extract concentration of permot leaf ethanol extract has a similar effectiveness as Noticks®. Probit analysis stated that LC50 can be reached by using the 4% concentration in two hours and 2.4% concentration in five hours. LC95 can be reached by using the 6.5% concentration in two hours and 3.93% concentration in five hours. The quickest LT50 can be reached in 0.91 hours and LT95 ­2.37 hours after treatment with 10% concentration.

scholarly journals The Potential of Anting – Anting (Acalypha indica L.) Leaf Extract as Anti-Scabies to Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Luluk Tri Astuti ◽  
Rahmi Sugihartuti ◽  
Lianny Nagoi ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
Dewa Ketut Meles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Acalypha Indica

The Aim of research to determine the potential of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract as anti-scabies to Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi in vitro by observing the mortality rates and lethal concentration of Sarcoptes scabiei. There were 5 treatments namely DMSO 0.5% (PN). Amitraz (P0), anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract concentratrion of 6,25% (P1), 12,5% (P2) and 25% (P3). Observations were carried out for 8 hours with stereomicroscope. The data  was analyzed using rpobit analysis with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the fastest mortality rate of S. Scabiei was group p3 at 4.6 mites/hour., then P0, P2, P1 and PN respectively 3.5, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.3 mites/ hour. The smallest concentration of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract was not significantly different compared to amitraz  for killing of 50% and 90% S. Scabiei was 12.5% with lethal time (LT50) 1.82 hours and (LT90) 3.69 hours. In conclusion, anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract has mortality rate against S. Scabiei var. Cuniculi of 3.1 mites/hour, lethal concentration of 12.5% and potential as anti-scabies in vitro.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Leaf Extract on Mortality of Boophilus microplus In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Dwi Retno Widyawati ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Moh. Sukmanadi ◽  
Sri Agus Sudjarwo ◽  
Muhammad Hambal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
One Way Anova

The purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of bandotan’s (Ageratum conyzoides L.) leaf extract on mortality of Boophilus microplus in vitro and also to get of lethal concentration and lethal time. This research used 125 Boophilus microplus. This research used five treatments, namely neguvon suspensionon (K+), ethanol 1% (K-), 1% concentration (P1), 2% concentration (P2) and 3% concentration (P3). The observation of mortality was done every six hours. Boophilus microplus dies when there is no movement. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan's Multiple Distance Test. The result is said to be significant if p<0.05. Probit analysis of LC50 is 1.63% at the first hour, 0.85% at the second hour, 0.54% at the third hour, 0.34% at the fourth hour, 0.04% at the fifth hour and 0.04% at the sixth hour, LC90 reached by using 5.6%, 2.9%, 1.8%, 1.2%, 0.16 and 0.16% concentration in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours, respectively. The LT50 of ethanol 1% (K-) was at 10.142 hours, neguvon suspension on (K+) was at 0.747 hours, 1% concentration (P1) was at 2.184 hours, 2% concentration (P2) was at 1.579 hours, 3% concentration (P3) was at 0.923 hours and LT90 was at 23.734, 1.749, 5.110, 3.695 and 2.159 hours. The conclusion of this study was bandotan’s (Ageratum conyzoides L.) leaf extract was effective as an acaricide based on the mortality of Boophilus microplus.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Test of Papaya Leaves Extract (Carica papaya L.) as Antihelmintics of Ascaridia galli Worm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Farindira Vesti Rahmasari ◽  
Fikri Adhi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Abstract: Introduction: Soil-transmitted helminth is a group of nematoda worm parasite that causes infection in human because the egg is swallowed or direct contact with the larva. More than two billion people in the world had infection for at least one spesies of the nematoda worm, especially A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and A. duodenale. Ascaridia galli is a worm parasite that classifeid in nematoda fillum. Ascaridia worm has the same genus with Ascaris Lumbricoides that infect human. Antihelmintic is a drug that can eradicate the worm in human and animal body. There is a side effect in the antihelmintic drug like Mebendazole so another alternative like organical antihelmintic from papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) is needed. This research is a true experiment with post test control group design. The subjects were 160 Ascaridia galli worm which were divided into 5 worms in each test group (5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, dan 80%), positive control group (Pirantel pamoat 0,5%) and negative control  repeated as many as 4 replications. The treatment was given for 12 hours and observed the number of dead worm at each hour. Data were analyzed by statistical test of Kruskal Wallis Test and followed by post-hoc Mann-Whitney Test. It is also tested the probit analysis to determine lethal time (LT50 and LT90) and lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90).There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between all test concentrations except between 5% to negative control. It could be evidenced that the papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) has an antihelmintic effect on Ascaridia gall. The results of probit analysis for LC50 and LC90 were 6,182% and 14,422% respectively. It is known that LT50 at concentrations of 25%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% respectively were 11,84 hours, 10,536 hours, 9,328 hours, 6,794 hours, 5,472 hours and 2,892 hours. While the LT90 at concentrations of 25%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% respectively were 13,608 hours, 12,303 hours, 11,095 hours, 8,562 hours, 7,24 hours, dan 4,66 hours.The ethanol extract of Papaya leaves Carica papaya was shown to have an antihelmentic effect on Ascaridia galli effectifically at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80%. The values of LC50 and LT50 at highest concentration (80%) at the end of the observations are 6,182% and 2,892 hours respectively. The values of LC50 and LT90 at the highest concentration (80%) were 14,442% dan 4,66 hours respectively. The higher concentration of ethanol extract of papaya leaves Carica papaya the greater the effectiveness in killing Ascaridia galli. Keywords: Antihelmintic – Ascaridia galli – Carica papaya L. – Lethal Concentration – Lethal Time

scholarly journals The Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) Against Ascaridia galli Worm in Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Amelia Dwita Safitri ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Poedji Hastutiek ◽  
Setiawan Koesdarto ◽  
Rahmi Sugihartuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Research Show

The aims of this study is to know the anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) against Ascaridia galli worm in Vitro, as well as knowing effective concentration 50 (EC50) and lethal time 50 (LT50). Method that used in the research was completely randomized design. There were five treatments of physiological NaCl solution (K-), piperazine sitrate (K+), etanol extract of bitter leaf 0,35% (P1), etanol extract of bitter leaf 1,4% (P2), etanol extract of bitter leaf 4,2% (P3), and each treatment was done in four replications. This research used ten Ascaridia galli in each treatment for all replications. The observation and recording of dead Ascaridia galli was done at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours. Ascaridia galli were declared dead if there was no movement when disturbed by anatomy tweezer and when dipped in slightly warm water (50°C). The obtained data was analyzed using ANAVA and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result of this research show that etanol extract of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) has anthelmintic effects against Ascaridia galli worm in Vitro. In the extract with 4,2% concentration, there is anthelmintic property that almost the same as Piperazine sitrate 10 mg/ml. the higher the concentration of extract, the higher the property of anthelmintic. In probit analysis show that EC50 achieved by concentration 2.093% with the low concentration of .002% and the highest concentration of 3.632%. LT50 of ethanol extract of bitter leaf was 0.35% at 10.323 hours, 1.4% at 9.800 hours, 4.2% at 7.864 hours and Piperazine sitrate 10 mg/ml at 9.013 hours.

scholarly journals The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bártíková ◽  
L. Skálová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
B. Szotáková ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

scholarly journals Motilitas Ascaridia galli Dewasa dalam Larutan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Palem Putri (Veitchia merrillii)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ummu Balqis ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
Maryam Maryam ◽  
Muslina Muslina ◽  
Abdullah Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui motilitas Ascaridia galli dewasa dalam ekstrak etanol biji Veitchia merrillii. Ekstrak etanol V. merrillii dianalisis fitokimia. Sebanyak 16 ekor cacing A. galli dewasa dibagi kedalam empat kelompok. Cacing pada kelompok pertama adalah kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Cacing pada kelompok kedua diberi 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. Cacing pada masing-masing kelompok ketiga dan keempat diberi 50 dan 100 mg/ml crude ekstrak biji V. merrillii. Motilitas A. galli ditentukan dalam skor persentase setelah 12, 24, 36 jam dengan menggunakan kriteria: 3 (badan bergerak), 2 (hanya sebagian badan bergerak), 1 (tidak bergerak tetapi masih hidup), 0 (mati). Hasil fitokimia V. merrillii mengandung alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids. Ekstrak biji V. merrillii dosis 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dapat mempersingkat selama 12 jam waktu motilitas cacing A. galli dewasa. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan potensi anthelmintik berbasis herbal untuk pengendalian A. galli.  (Motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in vitro in ethanolic extracts of Nuts Veitchia merrillii) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to know the motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in aqueous ethanolic extracts of nuts Veitchia merrillii. The ethanolic extract of the V. merrillii was analyzed. Amount of sixteen head A. galli adult worms were divided into four groups. The first group, worms were left as un-treated normal controls. The second group, worms were treated with concentrations of 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. The third and fourth group, worms were treated with crude aqueous ethanolic extract of 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations nuts of the V. merrillii, respectively. Motility of A. galli were determined after 12, 24, 36 hour by mean of persentage scored using the following criteria: 3 (moving whole body), 2 (moving only parts of the body), 1 (immobile but alive), and 0 (died). The result of phytochemical V. merrillii contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. V. merrillii nuts extract concentrations of 100 mg/ml in vitro can shorten the time motility A. galli adult worms for 12 hours. The study indicated the potential for developing herbal-based anthelmintics to control A. galli.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum) Sebagai Larvasida Alami Aedes Albopictus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Qatrinida Qatrinida ◽  
Norfai Norfai ◽  
Kasman Kasman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Lethal Time

DBD masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama di Indonesia. Upaya pencegahan yang dilakukan saat ini menggunakan insektisida berbahan dasar kimia yang dapat merusak lingkungan juga menimbulkan resistensi. Penggunaan larvasida alami dari tumbuhan dapat menjadi alternatif insektisida, salah satunya adalah jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) yang dapat dijadikan sebagai insektisida alami karena adanya kandungan senyawa aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kematian, perbedaan rerata kematian larva Aedes albopictus serta mengetahui Lethal Time dan Lethal Concentration. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true eksperimental dengan posttest only control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kematian larva 100% lebih cepat pada konsenrasi 8% yaitu setelah 6 jam pengujian. Hasil Uji Kruskal Wallis untuk melihat perbedaan rerata kematian larva setiap jam kelompok perlakuan ekstrak jahe merah dengan kelompok kontrol menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan rerata kematian larva (0,000 < 0,05). Hasil uji probit Lethal Time menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan waktu 2,196 jam dalam mematikan 50% larva dan 4,788 jam dalam mematikan 99% larva dengan konsentrasi 8% sedangkan Lethal Concentration menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan konsentrasi sebesar sebesar 0,772% dalam mematikan 50% larva dan 1,973% dalam mematikan 99% larva setelah 9 jam pengukuran. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengembangkan ekstrak jahe merah yang aman dan layak pakai namun tidak menghilangkan senyawa yang ada pada ekstrak jahe merah.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR OBAT NYAMUK ELEKTRIK CAIR TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Sasono Handito ◽  
Endah Setyaningrum ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Lethal Time

Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Upaya pengendalian dan pemberantasan Ae. aegypti saat ini banyak dilakukan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan insektisida kimiawi. Penggunaan insektisida kimiawi secara berkelanjutan menimbulkan resistensi pada nyamuk vektor. Telah diketahui bahwa daun tanaman cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L) mengandung flavonoid dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai insektisida. Untuk membuktikan hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas dari ekstrak daun cengkeh dengan menuntukan nilai Lethal Concentration (LC50 dan LC90) dan Lethal Time (LT50dan LT90). Penelitian eksperimen yang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok ini dilakukan dengan lima konsentrasi, yaitu; 10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; dan 50% ekstrak daun cengkeh, dan dengan dua kontrol yaitu, kontrol negatif yang berisi aquades, kontrol positif yang berisi tranflutrin12,38g/l, dengan empat kali pengulangan setiap konsentrasi dan kontrol. Pengamatan terhadap jumlah nyamuk yang mati setiap 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, 480, dan 1440 menit setelah perlakuan. Dari hasil Uji ANOVA yang diuji lanjut dengan Uji BNT diketahui bahwa konsentrasi yang paling efektif dibandingkan kontrol negatif dan sama dengan kontrol positif adalah 50%. Dari analisis probit diperoleh nilai LC50 sebesar 43,709%, sedangkan untuk nilai LC90 sebesar 49,069%. Nilai LT50 dan LT90 dari penelitian ini adalah 1220,152 menit dan 1126,488 menit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun cengkeh berpotensi sebagai insektisida terhadap Ae. aegypti, dan konsentrasi ekstrak yang paling efektif adalah konsentrasi sebesar 50%.

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