scholarly journals The Potential of Anting – Anting (Acalypha indica L.) Leaf Extract as Anti-Scabies to Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Luluk Tri Astuti ◽  
Rahmi Sugihartuti ◽  
Lianny Nagoi ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
Dewa Ketut Meles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Acalypha Indica

The Aim of research to determine the potential of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract as anti-scabies to Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi in vitro by observing the mortality rates and lethal concentration of Sarcoptes scabiei. There were 5 treatments namely DMSO 0.5% (PN). Amitraz (P0), anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract concentratrion of 6,25% (P1), 12,5% (P2) and 25% (P3). Observations were carried out for 8 hours with stereomicroscope. The data  was analyzed using rpobit analysis with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the fastest mortality rate of S. Scabiei was group p3 at 4.6 mites/hour., then P0, P2, P1 and PN respectively 3.5, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.3 mites/ hour. The smallest concentration of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract was not significantly different compared to amitraz  for killing of 50% and 90% S. Scabiei was 12.5% with lethal time (LT50) 1.82 hours and (LT90) 3.69 hours. In conclusion, anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract has mortality rate against S. Scabiei var. Cuniculi of 3.1 mites/hour, lethal concentration of 12.5% and potential as anti-scabies in vitro.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Leaf Extract on Mortality of Boophilus microplus In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Dwi Retno Widyawati ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Moh. Sukmanadi ◽  
Sri Agus Sudjarwo ◽  
Muhammad Hambal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
One Way Anova

The purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of bandotan’s (Ageratum conyzoides L.) leaf extract on mortality of Boophilus microplus in vitro and also to get of lethal concentration and lethal time. This research used 125 Boophilus microplus. This research used five treatments, namely neguvon suspensionon (K+), ethanol 1% (K-), 1% concentration (P1), 2% concentration (P2) and 3% concentration (P3). The observation of mortality was done every six hours. Boophilus microplus dies when there is no movement. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan's Multiple Distance Test. The result is said to be significant if p<0.05. Probit analysis of LC50 is 1.63% at the first hour, 0.85% at the second hour, 0.54% at the third hour, 0.34% at the fourth hour, 0.04% at the fifth hour and 0.04% at the sixth hour, LC90 reached by using 5.6%, 2.9%, 1.8%, 1.2%, 0.16 and 0.16% concentration in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours, respectively. The LT50 of ethanol 1% (K-) was at 10.142 hours, neguvon suspension on (K+) was at 0.747 hours, 1% concentration (P1) was at 2.184 hours, 2% concentration (P2) was at 1.579 hours, 3% concentration (P3) was at 0.923 hours and LT90 was at 23.734, 1.749, 5.110, 3.695 and 2.159 hours. The conclusion of this study was bandotan’s (Ageratum conyzoides L.) leaf extract was effective as an acaricide based on the mortality of Boophilus microplus.

scholarly journals Concentration and lethal time of toxic baits based on spinosyns on Ceratitis capitata and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgana Mattiello Baldin ◽  
Inana Xavier Schutze ◽  
Cléber Antonio Baronio ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia ◽  
Marcos Botton
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Food Lures

ABSTRACT The use of toxic baits with spinosyns (spinosad and spinetoram), along with the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, is a sustainable alternative for the management of Ceratitis capitata. This study aimed to evaluate the lethal concentration (LC) and lethal time (LT) of spinosad and spinetoram, associated with the food lures sugarcane molasses at 7 %, Biofruit at 3 %, Ceratrap® at 1.5 %, Flyral® at 1.25 %, Isca Samaritá® and Samaritá Tradicional® at 3 %, on C. capitata, under laboratory conditions, as well as their effect, at the concentration of 96 mg L-1, on D. longicaudata. For the lethal time data, mortality was assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 h after the exposure to the toxic baits. The lowest lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC95), to spinetoram (0.5 mg L-1 and 3.7 mg L-1, respectively) and spinosad (0.8 mg L-1 and 7.8 mg L-1, respectively), corresponded to the association with Samaritá Tradicional® at 3 %. The lowest lethal time (TL50), in hours, for the spinosad insecticide, corresponded to the formulation containing Biofruit at 3 % (6.6), and, to spinetoram, Samaritá Tradicional® at 3 % (7.9). For D. longicaudata, the formulations that caused the lowest mortality corresponded to the association of Biofruit® at 3 % with spinosad (4.7 %) and Samaritá Tradicional® at 3 % with espinetoram (3.5 %). The toxic baits formulated with spinosad and espinetoram, associated with Isca Samaritá® at 3 %, caused a mortality rate of more than 60 % to the parasitoid D. longicaudata.

Vermisidal dan Ovisidal Ekstrak Metanol Biji Pepaya Muda Terhadap Ascaridia galli Secara In-Vitro

2018 ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Kristina Sartika Sonda ◽  
Samsuri Samsuri ◽  
Ida Bagus Made Oka
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Lethal Time

Di dalam biji pepaya muda terkandung beberapa zat aktif seperti glikosida, alkaloid karpain, benzyl-isothiocianate (BITC) dan enzim papain yang telah terbukti dapat membunuh cacing dan menghambat daya berembrio telur cacing Ascaridia galli. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui vermisidal dan ovisidal ekstrak methanol biji pepaya muda terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli.  Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni  untuk uji vermisidal terdiri dari 6 perlakuan (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) dan 5 ulangan, sedangkan untuk uji ovisidal dibagi menjadi dua uji, yaitu kontak langsung dan kontak tidak langsung. Perlakuan yang diberikan; Kontrol Negatif (P0) dengan larutan NaCl Fisiologis, Kontrol Positif (P1) dengan larutan Albendazole (Benzamidazole 0,15 ml/kg berat badan), perlakuan II (P2), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,07 %, perlakuan III (P3), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,14 %, perlakuan IV (P4), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,21 %, perlakuan V (P5), ekstrak biji pepaya muda 0,28 %. Untuk uji vermisidal data dianalisis dengan Analisis Probit untuk mengetahui LC100 (Lethal Concentration) dan LT100 (Lethal Time) dari ekstrak biji pepaya muda sedangkan untuk uji ovisidal data dianalisis dengan Sidik Ragam Hasil penelitian vermisidal didapatkan LC100 ekstrak biji pepaya muda adalah 0,371 % dan LT100 34,614 jam. Untuk uji ovisidal kontak langsung dan kontak tidak langsung didapatkan bahwa ekstrak biji pepaya muda berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,05) terhadap daya berembrio telur cacing Ascaridia galli. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak biji pepaya muda efektif sebagai vermisidal dan ovisidal kontak langsung terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli secara in-vitro.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Permot Leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) Towards Mortality of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Intan Nurcahya ◽  
Ratna Damayanti ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Agus Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Passiflora Foetida

This study had three fold objective which were finding the effectiveness of ethanol extract of permot leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) towards mortality of Rhpicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) larvae in vitro and also identifying lethal concentration and lethal time. Completely randomized design was used with six treatments and four replications. Five R. sanguineus were used in the treatment for all replication. The observation of mortality was done every ten minutes in five hours. Rhpicephalus sanguineus larvae were dead if there was no movement. The collected data was analyzed using ANOVA factorial and followed by Duncan’s test. The obtained data showed that ethanol extract of permot’s leaf ethanol extract was effective toward mortality of R. sanguineus larvae in vitro. The suspension of 10% extract concentration of permot leaf ethanol extract has a similar effectiveness as Noticks®. Probit analysis stated that LC50 can be reached by using the 4% concentration in two hours and 2.4% concentration in five hours. LC95 can be reached by using the 6.5% concentration in two hours and 3.93% concentration in five hours. The quickest LT50 can be reached in 0.91 hours and LT95 ­2.37 hours after treatment with 10% concentration.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Konsentrasi Lethal dan Waktu Lethal Insektisida Botani Terhadap Ulat Bawang (Spodoptera exigua) di Laboratorium

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Wiwin Setiawati ◽  
Liferdi Lukman ◽  
Luluk Sutji Marhaeni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Third Instar Larva

<p><strong>[Evaluation of Lethal Concentration and Lethal Time of Botanical Insecticide Against Beet Armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exigua</em>) in The Laboratory]</strong></p><p>Pemanfaatan insektisida botani merupakan salah satu pilihan untuk mengendalikan serangan hama Spodoptera exigua yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetapkan konsentrasi sublethal dan waktu prolethal insektisida botani terhadap larva instar ketiga S. exigua di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Mei sampai Desember 2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan serangga. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 1, 3, 6, dan 12 jam setelah perlakuan dan diulang setiap 24 jam sampai 96 jam. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50 dan LT50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva S. exigua paling tinggi terjadi pada saat 96 jam setelah perlakuan ekstrak bintaro (85,0%), diikuti oleh ekstrak akar tuba (82,5%), dan yang terendah diperoleh dari hasil aplikasi ekstrak huni yang hanya dapat mematikan larva S. exigua sebesar 57%. Dari lima ekstrak tumbuhan tersebut, nilai LC50 terendah diperoleh dari ekstrak daun bintaro (1.002,67 ppm), diikuti oleh ekstrak daun akar tuba (1.256,07 ppm), ekstrak kirinyuh (1.304,37 ppm), ekstrak suren (1.307,37 ppm), dan tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak huni (3.316,06 ppm). Waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpendek terjadi pada 33,50 jam dengan fiducial limit 23,24 – 48,42 jam untuk ekstrak daun akar tuba, sedangkan waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpanjang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun huni, yaitu 136,52 jam dengan fiducial limit 76,47 – 234,51 jam. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa insektisida botani menunjukkan efikasi yang tinggi terhadap larva S. exigua sehingga dapat direkomendasikan sebagai komponen untuk pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT).</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Bawang merah;  Mortalitas; Insektisida botani; LC50; LT50 </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Utilization of botanical pesticides is one option of environmentally friendly methods to control the attack of Spodoptera exigua . The objective of this study was to evaluate of lethal concentration and lethal time of plant extracts as botanical insecticide against third instar larva of beet armyworm, S. exigua under laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute at Lembang (±1,250 m asl.), from May to December 2015. Insect dipping method was used in this research. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was observed at 1,3,6, and 12 hours after exposures to the plant extracts and repeated every 24 hours up to 96 hours of exposures. The results of the experiments showed that at 96 hours post treatment, the highest mortality (85.0%) of the S. exigua larvae was caused by sea mango extract followed by Derris leaf extract (82.5%) and the lowest mortality of S. exigua larvae (57%) was obtained from spreng extract. The lowest LC50 from five of the extracts of botanical insecticide derived from sea mango leaf extract (1,002.67 ppm) followed by Derris leaf extract (1,256.07 ppm), Eupatorium leaf extract (1,304.37 ppm), Toona leaf extract (1,307.37 ppm), and the highest LC50 derived from spreng leaf extract (3,316.06 ppm). The shortest of the mean lethal time 50 (LT50) values of S. exigua was 33.50 hours obtained from Derris leaf extract with fiducial limits 23.24–48.42 while the longest of the mean (LT50) values of S. exigua was 136.52 hours obtained Spreng leaf extract with fiducial limits 76.47–234.51 hours. The botanicals insecticides were proven to be effective against S. exigua larvae, so it can be recommended to be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM).</p>

scholarly journals Gamal (Gliricidia Sepium) Leaf Extract Increase Mortality of Fasciola gigantica In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Brillia Zulianti ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Aditya Yudhana ◽  
Jola Rahmahani ◽  
Maya Nurwartanti Yunita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Range Test

Fasciolosis is a disease caused by infection with liver fluke (Fasciola sp). Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease that is important because it can cause high economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamal (Gliricidia sepium) leaf extract against mortality of Fasciola gigantica in vitro study. In present study was completely randomized design with six treatments and each treatment were divided into four replications. A total of 240 specimens from infected cattles were used in this study. The observation and recording of F. gigantica mortality in all treatments with concentrations of gamal leaf extract P1 (1%), P2 (2%), P3 (3), P4 (4%), K + (Nitroxynil 2%) and K- (physiological NaCl) rate was done in 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 minutes, respectively. The mortality of F. gigantica was confirmed if there was no movement when triggered by anatomy tweezers then dipped in slightly warm water (50 15℃"> ). The data was analyzed using ANAVA Faktorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results of this study were shown the lowest and the highest mortality rate recorded at minutes 30 and 240 respectively. Moreover, the mean of mortality rate were peaked in nitroxynil (K+) and 1% gamal leaf extract treatment, while the lowest mean of mortality rate occurs in NaCl (K-) treatment. Present study conclude that gamal leaf extract has anthelmintic effect on the mortality rate of Fasciola gigantica. Gamal leaf extract with 1% concentration was claimed to be the most effective.

Aqueous extract of Acalypha indica leaves for the treatment of Psoriasis: In-vitro studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkiran Reddy Banala ◽  
Satish Kumar Vemuri ◽  
Gurava Reddy A.V. ◽  
Subbaiah G.P.V.*
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by rapid proliferation of keratinocytes and incomplete keratinization. Discovery of safer and more effective anti-psoriatic drugs remains an area of active research at the present time. A431 and B16-F10 cell lines were used as in vitro models. In the present study, we aimed at assessing the Anti-psoriatic activity of aqueous extract of Acalypha indica. We analyzed the efficiency of A. indica leaf extract in inducing cell death and apoptosis in these cell lines. The cell death (Propidium iodide) and apoptosis (Annexin V) was assessed by fluorescence studies and we observed 80% of cell death and 75% of apoptosis in both cell lines. Therefore, this in vitro study suggested that the leaf extract is capable of serving as anti-psoriasis agent or compound.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Acalypha Indica Leaves Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Diah Titik Mutiarawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Anting-anting leaves (Acalypha indica L) is one of the wild plants (weeds) that are often used by the community to treat helminthic diseases such as ascariasis, containing several potentially anthelmintic compounds, namely saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Anting-anting leaf extract (Acalypha indica L) as an anthelmintic to the time of death of pork roundworms (Ascaris suum Goeze). The method in this study was pre-experimental with a post test only group design. The subjects of the study were Ascaris suum. The study was conducted at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Surabaya Polytechnic Health Medical Laboratory Technologist Department in December-May 2018. This study used 5 treatment groups, 0.9% NaCl as negative control and 0.25% pirantel pamoate as positive control and 60%, 80% and 100%. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, then the Kruskal-Wallis test was then continued using a Post-Hoc test to determine the difference in anthelmintic power of ear leaf extract of each concentration with positive control over the time of worm death. The average time of Ascaris suum worm death at a concentration of a concentration of 60% for 228.5 minutes, a concentration of 80% for 174 minutes, and a concentration of 100% for 92 minutes. So it can be concluded that the leaf extract of Acalypha L has an anthelmintic effect on the Ascaris suum worm. Keywords: anthelmintic; Ascaris suum; anting-anting leaf

scholarly journals National Smoking Rates Correlate Inversely with COVID-19 Mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Norden ◽  
David H. Avery ◽  
Justin G. Norden ◽  
David R. Haynor
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Smoking Rate ◽  
Percentage Point Increase

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecent studies show cigarette smokers are markedly under-represented among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in over a dozen countries. It is unclear if this may be related to confounding factors such as age distribution, access to care, and inaccurate records. We hypothesized that these concerns could be avoided by studying smoking prevalence in relation to COVID-19 mortality. Since climate has been identified as a factor in COVID-19, we studied groups of countries with relatively comparable temperatures.MethodsThe 20 hottest and 20 coldest countries in the Johns Hopkins Mortality Analysis database with a minimum mortality rate of .3 deaths/100,000 were selected on the basis of the average temperatures of their largest city. Mortality rates were determined as of May 1, 2020 and correlated with national smoking rate adjusting for sex ratio, obesity, temperature, and elderly population.ResultsA highly significant inverse correlation between current daily smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rate was noted for the group of hot countries (R=-.718, p = .0002), cold countries (R=-.567, p=.0046), and the combined group (R=-.324, p=.0207). However, after adjustments only the regression for hot countries and the combined group remained significant. In hot countries, for each percentage point increase in smoking rate mortality decreased by .147 per 100,000 population (95% CI .102-192, p=.0066). This resulted in mortality rates several-fold elevated in the countries with the lowest smoking rates relative to the highest smoking rates. In the combined group, mortality decreased by .257 per 100,000 population (95% CI .175-.339, p=.0034).DiscussionThese findings add support to the finding of an inverse relationship between current smoking and seriously symptomatic COVID-19. However, we conclude that the difference in mortality between the highest and lowest smoking countries appears too large to be due primarily to the effects of smoking per se. A potentially beneficial effect of smoking is surprising, but compatible with a number of hypothetical mechanisms which deserve exploration: 1) Studies show smoking alters ACE2 expression which may affect COVID-19 infection or its progression to serious lung pathology. 2) Nicotine has anti-inflammatory activity and also appears to alter ACE2 expression. 3) Nitric oxide in cigarette smoke is known to be effective in treating pulmonary hypertension and has shown in vitro antiviral effects including against SARS-CoV-2. 4) Smoking has complicated effects on the immune system involving both up and down regulation, any of which might alone or in concert antagonize progression of COVID-19. 5) Smokers are exposed to hot vapors which may stimulate immunity in the respiratory tract by various heat-related mechanisms (e.g. heat shock proteins). Studies of steam and sauna treatments have shown efficacy in other viral respiratory conditions. At this time there is no clear evidence that smoking is protective against COVID-19, so the established recommendations to avoid smoking should be emphasized. The interaction of smoking and COVID-19 will only be reliably determined by carefully designed prospective study, and there is reason to believe that there are unknown confounds that may be spuriously suggesting a protective effect of smoking. However, the magnitude of the apparent inverse association of COVID-19 and smoking and its myriad clinical implications suggest the importance of further investigation.

scholarly journals In vitro Assessment of Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Leaf Extracts against Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli - Common Diarrhoeal Agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazeem Adekunle Alayande ◽  
Carolina (H) Pohl ◽  
Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Time Kill

Diarrhoea is a common childhood disease with high mortality rate. This study thus aimed at assessing effect of Euclea crispa leaf extract and its fractions against diarrhoea causing bacterial isolates and determining time-kill dynamics by each of the potent fractions. Susceptibility of each isolates was determined by agar well diffusion while the minimum bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations were determined by agar dilution method. Time-Kill dynamics was evaluated over a period of 120 min against Escherichia coli (1323) representing Gram negative isolates. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the leaf extract at 20 mg/ml range between 17±0.28 and 22±0.00 mm while that of the partitioned fractions at 10 mg/ml are between 14±0.00 and 22±0.00 mm. MICs of the leaf extract range between 0.31 and 2.50 mg/ml. The lowest MIC (0.08 mg/ml) is exhibited by the fractions partitioned into ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water while that of n-hexane and chloroform is 0.16 mg/ml. The lowest MBC exhibited by all the fractions is 0.31 mg/ml except that of the chloroform (1.25 mg/ml). Total mortality was achieved by the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 2 × MIC after 120 min of contact time, meanwhile the mortality rate achieved by n-butanol, n-hexane, aqueous and chloroform fractions were 98, 94.6, 91.8 and 83.7% respectively under similar condition. This study showcase significant antidiarrhoeal potential of Euclea crispa leaf extracts and equally indicates a source of readily available therapeutic agent against diarrhoeal infection in South Africa and environs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document