scholarly journals Nierówność cyfrowa w gospodarce UE — zarys problematyki

Ekonomia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Karolina Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
The Eu

This article outlines how the rapid evolution of the ICT sector in highly-developed economies has resulted in digital inequality between the EU-15 and countries that joined the EU in the first and second decades of the 21st century. The main hypothesis of the study is that digital inequality be-tween the economies of EU member states weakens the competitiveness of the EU in the area of EU economy 4.0 in the global market and could threaten European digital sovereignty, including the issue of access to public and private data and digital identity protection. The results of the an-alysis show that the currently existing digital inequality widens the digital gap between the EU and the US and China, and further bolsters the digital dominance of non-European countries. The main challenge lies in providing national economies of Central and Eastern Europe with appropriate instruments that would allow them to make up for these digital deficiencies . The study used critical literature analysis and data contained in the reports of the OECD, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, UNCTAD, WTO and European Commission materials.

scholarly journals Investigations Concerning E-Government Adoption in Transition Economies

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Katalin Szabó ◽  
Lucian Chiriac
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Expert Choice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The Eu

The implementation of efficient cross-border digital public services for a connected Europe, a developed e-government represents a priority for the European Union. There are big differences in the way e-government is adopted. Transition economies lag behind developed economies. This paper explores the e-government adoption in its multidimensionality within the EU member states. It uses 22 variables, which highlight: technological preparedness, the ability to access and absorb information and information technology, the ability to generate, adopt and spread knowledge, the social and legal environment, the government policy and vision, and consumer and business adoption and innovation. Barriers to efficient e-government adoption in transition economies are identified. Multicriteria decision analysis is used for the prioritisation of the factors with the highest overall impact on efficient implementation. The authors use the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP method) for prioritisation and the numerical results are obtained with Expert Choice software.

scholarly journals The image of Europe and the European Union in digital media of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia (discourse analysis 2005-2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Steblyna
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Political News ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Eu

The image of the EU and Europe in digital mass media of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia is studied in this article using the methodology of discourse analysis. Independent digital mass media Ukrainska Pravda, Nasha Niva, Lenta.ru, Novaya Gazeta are analysed (online publications from years 2005–2019). Three images of Europe in the media are indicated as a result of the research. In Ukraine: a strong reliance on Europe as the idea is observed. The EU and its institutions are stably present in political news, but European politicians are not so popular. In Belarus: Europe doesn’t structure political discussions, however, efforts of the neighbouring EU Member States may be important in the image creation. In Russia: there is not much interest towards Europe, but some approaches to present constant clashes between Russia and the West are evident in digital mass media. The research has confirmed the main hypothesis, which supposed that the mechanisms of creating the image of Europe and the EU in post-Soviet countries’ mass media are different, and the specifics of political discourse, as well as the states’ international politics define the image.

scholarly journals Foreign experience in financial regulation of small and medium-sized businesses

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
I. A. Imanbay
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

The article considers the foreign experience of financial regulation of small and medium-sized businesses. Given the entry of the Republic of Kazakhstan into the world economy, the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the country will lead to active participation and assistance from the state. That is, in many countries today, much attention is paid to addressing issues related to the stability and efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, it is of particular interest to study the experience of foreign developed countries in supporting the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Taking this knowledge into account, it is necessary to determine measures and prospects for improving this area of activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The EU has a well-established infrastructure for supporting small and medium-sized businesses, for example, all EU member states have a well-developed network of both public and private financial regulation organizations for the development and support of small and medium-sized businesses. In the countries under consideration, many of the same features of state support systems can be noted. All this is due to the influence of globalization processes and the activity of organizations. In this regard, considering the experience of foreign countries is very important and most appropriate.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE AND LATEST TRENDS OF THE UKRAINIAN DAIRY SECTOR

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Anna Gereles ◽  
László Szőllősi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Current State ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Significant Achievement ◽  
The Eu

The global dairy sector is currently going through a period of turbulence. Global human population growth is substantially increasing the demand for dairy products. Our study stresses the importance of the dairy industry in the agriculture of the Ukraine and its national economy. It aims at identifying and describing the latest trends in the Ukrainian dairy industry. While the Ukrainian dairy sector is currently dealing with a number of challenges, we are looking for a number of opportunities for Ukrainian dairy producers to strengthen their competitiveness in the EU and global market, as well as maintain and expand their position on the domestic market. The dairy industry is one of the major industries in the Ukraine and, before the crisis, this segment demonstrated a trend towards its active development, but the situation in the dairy sector has become more complicated since 2014. The biggest problem for the dairy sector was the loss of the Russian market, which accounted for about 80% of exports of dairy products. However, the growth of cow productivity became a significant achievement of the dairy sector. Today, the main challenge for the dairy industry is finding new export markets and developing existing markets.

scholarly journals Has the Accession of Croatia to the EU Affected Business Sentiment in Industry? Synthetic Control Method Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-663
Author(s):  
Tihana Škrinjarić ◽  
Mirjana Čižmešija
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Synthetic Control Method ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Some economic and political events determine the level and dynamics of real economic variables on one hand, and business sentiment as a "soft" variable with a good predictive power for those variables, on the other. In this paper, we observe the impact Croatia's accession to the European Union (EU) in 2013 had on the Industrial confidence indicator (ICI) as a measure of business sentiment in Croatia's industry. Entering the EU had a strong positive impact on the economies of countries that had joined the Union. Unlike other new EU member states, which entered the EU in an upward phase of the European business cycle, Croatia entered this community immediately after the stabilization of the European debt crisis and in a long period of recession. Using a novel application of the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to the business survey (BS) data, the main hypothesis, that Croatia's accession to the EU had a strong positive impact on the ICI (which can be explained as euphoria), is confirmed. Conclusions derived from this research are a contribution to the improvement and popularization of BS and SCM.

scholarly journals Effects of Poland’s Pro‑Export Policy Implementation in the Context of the Plan for Responsible Development – a Preliminary Comparative Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
Export Expansion ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to present the results of a preliminary assessment of Poland’s export expansion policy in relation to the export of commodities, which is a result of the Government’s Plan for Responsible Development, in the context of existing barriers and the external and internal conditions reported by small and medium‑sized enterprises sector (SMEs). In the latest ranking of its competitive position in the global market for the period 2016–2017, Poland ranked 36th in the world. It should also be stressed that in this most recent world ranking Poland held the 16th position among EU Member States. A positive phenomenon in relation to Poland’s foreign trade in 2016, as compared to previous years, was that the value of export exceeded import, which allowed for a turnover surplus of nearly EUR 4.8 billion, i.e. two times higher than in 2015. In 2016 (and also in the first half of 2017) there was a favorable diversification of Polish export, demonstrating an increase in export to non‑EU markets of economically developed countries. After two years of relatively slow growth, export to this group of countries in 2016 increased by 5.6% (to EUR 12 billion), i.e. nearly 2.5 times faster than the total export. Despite the tariff‑free and quota‑free access to the single European market, there are still limits and barriers to the free movement of goods, and especially services. There are also many internal barriers in small and medium‑sized enterprises’ export to foreign markets, which limit their export expansion. Despite the gradual increase in export observed in recent years, the internationalization of non‑Polish enterprises is still much lower than in Western European countries. As a result, the share of Polish SMEs in the EU market is one third smaller than the EU average.

scholarly journals BULGARIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EU INTEGRATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Member States ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Treaty Compliance ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Eu

The present research is devoted to the "economic catch-up" and the convergence of the macroeconomic indicators and the living standards of Bulgaria and the new EU Member States from Central and Eastern Europe with those of the developed economies of the EU. It is clarified that the economic and social development and territorial integrity of the EU are dependent on the successful convergence of the Member States and not only on that of the separate levels. With the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, compliance with the nominal economic indicators becomes a prerequisite for entry into the euro area. The establishment of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the most significant element of economic integration into the EU. The question arises: to what extent does the EMU contribute to the economic convergence of the Member States? The main question remained how do the economic development of Bulgaria is assisting the convergence process of Bulgaria to the EC economies.

scholarly journals Rozporządzenie eIDAS — nowe ramy prawne w zakresie identyfikacji elektronicznej i usług zaufania w Unii Europejskiej

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
Maria Siemaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Electronic Interactions ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Eu

eIDAS REGULATION — A NEW LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION AND TRUST SERVICES IN THE EUROPEAN UNIONThis article analyses the Electronic Identification and Trust Services eIDAS Regulation which per 1 July 2016 will create a new European legal framework for secure electronic interactions across the European Union EU. The eIDAS Regulation seeks to enhance trust in electronic transactions in the internal EU market by providing a common foundation for secure electronic interactions between citizens, businesses and public authorities, thereby increasing the effectiveness of public and private online services. The article reviews provisions of the eIDAS Regulation related to electronic identification eID, such as removal of existing barriers to the use of the eID in the EU, mutual eID recognition by the EU member states, and interoperability of all national eID schemes. Furthermore, the article focuses on trust services and service providers. Comparing the eIDAS Regulation with its predecessor, the eSignature Directive, the article outlines advantages of the eIDAS Regulation related to the possibility of using trust services as evidence in legal proceedings.

scholarly journals Tożsamość imigrantów z Bliskiego Wschodu jako wyzwanie dla integracji ze społeczeństwami państw przyjmujących

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Dalzar Nashwan Salem
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Effective Integration ◽  
The Eu

The article presents the theoretical and methodological approach, which is different from the approaches that exist in the available scholar literature. The subject matter of the article is integration of immigrants from the Middle East living in the selected European countries, that from the author’s point of view should be evaluated not according to the previous models, but through the degree of identity creation and sense of citizenship. The main hypothesis verified within the conception of the article is the assumption that the identity of migrants from the Middle East in European Union countries (EU) is strongly connected with a culturally different environment. It complicates their integration with host societies and causes the growth of social problems. Following the author’s point of view, the formation of civic attitudes among immigrants is more effective integration activity than the acculturation models adopted so far, such as assimilation or separation. The use of this research perspective will help to enrich the existing knowledge about immigrants, the causes of immigration and the EU policy towards them, as well as to find possible solutions for the effective integration of immigrants in the EU Member States.

scholarly journals The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trust in the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Daniela Pastarmadzhieva ◽  
Mina Angelova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

At the beginning of 2020, the world faced a new and unexpected challenge. Such a harmful situation has a potential to increase tensions in societies and create citizens’ distrust in their own governments and the European Union. In relation to these observations, the main hypothesis assumes that citizens’ trust in the Union decreased during the pandemic, compared to previous periods. Thus, the aim of the study is to identify the dynamics of trust in the EU in the member states. The research’s object is the citizens of the EU member states and the focus on dynamics in the levels of trust in 2016–2020, measured based on selected indicators. The data for analysis comes from the Eurobarometer. Statistical methods (frequencies and cross tables) and comparative approach are used for the analysis. On the macrolevel, it seemed that European leaders could do better, especially in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the results of the Eurobarometer survey performed in the summer of 2020 show that average trust in the Union did not decreased. Тhe data shows that there is a variety across the countries, which was not presented in the current study. Thus, a further examination focused on the context in each of the countries is required, namely policies and measures stringency.

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