scholarly journals Body composition assessment of vegetarian-vegan and omnivore young women – an exploratory study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo ◽  
Rejane Giacomelli Tavares ◽  
Sofia Lopes ◽  
Tatiana Fontes ◽  
Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vegan Group ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

Diet is commonly accepted as a determinant of body composition, especially when related to specific lifestyles. Vegetarian-vegan diets, which involve a reduction or elimination of animal product consumption, are believed to be more “healthy,” facilitating weight control and reducing the incidence and clinical course of different diseases, in particular those related to overweight and obesity. Global reviews and metanalysis on these issues, however, are still insufficient. Our preliminary approach addresses the total body composition differences among vegetarians-vegans and omnivorous individuals. This cross-sectional study involved ten healthy women, five vegetarian-vegan, and five omnivores (mean 28.10 years old). Body composition was assessed using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA Lunar Prodigy Advance - General Electric Healthcare®). Other general and sociodemographic variables were also collected by trained dietitians. Our results have shown that the vegetarian-vegan group had a non-significantly lower volume of all types of body mass (total bone, fat, lean, tissue, and fat-free) evaluated. Additionally, the vegetarian-vegan group presented higher values of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue (286.20 and 11138.40 cm3, respectively, p > 0.05) compared to the omnivore group. These differences will be further confirmed in subsequent studies.

scholarly journals Body fatness or anthropometry for assessment of unhealthy weight status? Comparison between methods in South African children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Craig ◽  
John Reilly ◽  
Ruth Bland
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Unhealthy Weight

AbstractObjectiveA variety of methods are available for defining undernutrition (thinness/underweight/under-fat) and overnutrition (overweight/obesity/over-fat). The extent to which these definitions agree is unclear. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess agreement between widely used methods of assessing nutritional status in children and adolescents, and to examine the benefit of body composition estimates.DesignThe main objective of the cross-sectional study was to assess underweight, overweight and obesity using four methods: (i) BMI-for-age using WHO (2007) reference data; (ii) BMI-for-age using Cole et al. and International Obesity Taskforce cut-offs; (iii) weight-for-age using the National Centre for Health Statistics/WHO growth reference 1977; and (iv) body fat percentage estimated by bio-impedance (body fat reference curves for children of McCarthy et al., 2006). Comparisons were made between methods using weighted kappa analyses.SettingRural South Africa.SubjectsIndividuals (n 1519) in three age groups (school grade 1, mean age 7 years; grade 5, mean age 11 years; grade 9, mean age 15 years).ResultsIn boys, prevalence of unhealthy weight status (both under- and overnutrition) was much higher at all ages with body fatness measures than with simple anthropometric proxies for body fatness; agreement between fatness and weight-based measures was fair or slight using Landis and Koch categories. In girls, prevalence of unhealthy weight status was also higher with body fatness than with proxies, although agreement between measures ranged from fair to substantial.ConclusionsMethods for defining under- and overnutrition should not be considered equivalent. Weight-based measures provide highly conservative estimates of unhealthy weight status, possibly more conservative in boys. Simple body composition measures may be more informative than anthropometry for nutritional surveillance of children and adolescents.

Body mass index and its relationship with body composition in a population of university students in the state of Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Raquel Muñoz-Hernández ◽  
Saúl Rangel Lara ◽  
Enrique Nava Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
University Students ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The University

This research was carried out with the objective of determining the association between excess weight and body composition in university students. It is an observational cross-sectional study in a public university of the State of Mexico; 64 students between 19 and 25 years old were included through a simple random sampling. Body composition was assessed based on Anthropometry with written acceptance. The results when analyzing the central obesity in the population showed that 57.81% are normal weight, 29.69% are overweight and 7.81% are obese. Also 50% of men between 20-25 years, have values ≥90 cm waist. In the case of women, the prevalence of a value above that recommended ≥80 cm was greater than 55% since the age of 19. This result indicates that most women are at greater risk from an early age. These preliminary results show how the university population reflects the high rates of overweight and obesity in Mexico. It is necessary to establish plans to prevent and reduce the prevalence of obesity and avoid its impact on chronic diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Reliability of Compartmental Body Composition Measures in Weight-Stable Adults Using GE iDXA: Implications for Research and Practice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Dordevic ◽  
Maxine Bonham ◽  
Ali Ghasem-Zadeh ◽  
Alison Evans ◽  
Elizabeth Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Least Significant Change ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The aim of this study was to explore the reliability and precision of body compartment measures, in particular visceral adipose tissue, in weight stable adults over a range of BMIs using GE-Lunar iDXA. Weight-stable participants aged 18–65 years had a total body composition scan on GE-Lunar iDXA either on three separate occasions over a three month period (n = 51), or on a single occasion for duplicate scans with repositioning (n = 30). The coefficient of variation (CV%) and least significant change (LSC) of body compartments were calculated. The CV was higher for all measures over three months (range 0.8–5.9%) compared with same-day precision-scans (all < 2%). The CV for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was considerably higher than all other body compartments (42.2% three months, 16.2% same day scanning). To accurately measure VAT mass using the GE iDXA it is recommended that participants have a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, or VAT mass > 500 g. Changes observed in VAT mass levels below 500 g should be interpreted with caution due to lack of precision and reliability. All other compartmental measures demonstrated good reliability, with less than 6% variation over three months.

scholarly journals Body Composition and a School Day Hydration State among Polish Children—A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7181
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska ◽  
Beata Piórecka ◽  
Agnieszka Suder ◽  
Paweł Jagielski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Day

Background: Little is known on the relationship between obesity and hydration level in children. To explore the possible association between children’s hydration status and body composition, we conducted this cross-sectional study. Methods: The survey was carried out in 2018 in Preliminary and High Schools from the Malopolska Province, Poland. The study group consisted of 264 children aged 7–15 years. The level of hydration was assessed based on urine osmolality during a school day. The examined had anthropometric tests and body composition assessment (FM, BF%, FFM, TBW, TBW%). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a logistic regression analysis. Results: In the study group, 9.5% of the examined were overweight, 7.2% obese, and it referred more to the country than towns (p < 0.05). Improper hydration was found in 53% of children, and 16.3% of them were severely dehydrated during a school day (urine osmolality > 1000 mOsm/kgH2O). The level of dehydration was higher in children with excessive body fat (BF%) than in children with normal BF% [903.00 vs. 775 mOsm/kgH2O]. Older age (>10 y) showed inverse association with dehydration [OR 0.52 (95% CI; 0.28–0.99)] and excessed BF% showed 2.3-fold increase in odds of dehydration during a school day [OR 2.39 (95% CI; 1.15–4.94)]. Improper hydration was a risk factor of difficulties with concentration declared by students during a school day OR 2.85 (95% CI; 1.16–6.99). Conclusions: Attention should be paid to appropriate hydration especially in children with excessive body fat content who feature a higher risk of dehydration and fluid demand.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Adult Residents of Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Li Zheng ◽  
Feng Deng ◽  
Honglin Wang ◽  
Biao Yang ◽  
Meng Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Western China ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Overweight and obesity have become a serious health problem. There are a few data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Baoji city of western China, this study was conducted to investigate the epidemiologic features of overweight and obesity and explored influencing factors among Baoji adult residents. Methods. A cross-sectional study, including 36,600 participants aged above 15 years, was carried out in Baoji city in 2018. Each participant’s weight and height were measured, and demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. Results. Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 30.73% and 3.11%, respectively. Male had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight (31.45% vs. 29.98%, P < 0.05 ) while female had a higher prevalence of obesity (3.50 vs. 2.74, P < 0.001 ). In the logistic regression analysis, being married or living with a partner ( OR = 1.266 , P < 0.001 ), unemployed or retired ( OR = 1.183 , P < 0.001 ), former smokers ( OR = 1.116 , P < 0.05 ), drinking alcohol ( OR = 1.410 , P < 0.001 ), sleeping more than 10 hours ( OR = 1.274 , P < 0.001 ), and increasing age were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, whereas people who lived in rural areas ( R = 0.904 , P < 0.001 ) or had a sufficient leisure time physical activity per week ( R = 0.945 , P < 0.05 ) were associated with a lower prevalence. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that demographic and behavioral factors play an important role in prevalence of overweight/obesity, which can support the implementation of interventions aimed at weight control and consequently prevention of related diseases in this population.

scholarly journals Body composition and prevalence of overweight and obesity and its determinants among adolescents in Manipur, North-Eastern India: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Joymati Oinam ◽  
Joy Singh Akoijam ◽  
Ningthemba Yumnam ◽  
L. Suresh Roy ◽  
Tripti Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Styles

Background: Childhood obesity is emerging as one of the serious public health problems. It has become one of the significant risk factors associated with a cluster of non-communicable diseases which causes an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the body fat % and prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent in Manipur and to identify factors which may contribute to overweight.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12,410 students studying in class VIII-XII in four districts of Manipur from 2007-2009.  A self-administered questionnaire method was used. BMI and Body composition were determined using the TANITA Body Composition Analyzer. Overweight/ obesity were classified by using WHO classification. Analysis done using SPSSv20 and mean (SD), percentages and Chi-square test were used. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall mean fat % was 19.4±6.1 and girls have higher fat% than boys. Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity were 6.4% and 1.2% respectively. Obesity prevalence was more among girls than boys (1.6% vs 1.0%). Statistically significant association was found between obesity with family history of overweight, private schooling, playing games, mode of transport to school, sleeping hours, being vegetarian and watching television.Conclusions: Though the prevalence of overweight and obesity as compared to other parts of India is low, the increasing trend is a definite cause of concern. Therefore, there is a need for primary prevention targeted among children and adolescents regarding adoption of healthy life styles.

scholarly journals Circulating Levels of Visceral Adipose Tissue-Derived Serine Protease Inhibitor (Vaspin) Appear as a Marker of Musculoskeletal Pain Disability

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Nader Tarabeih ◽  
Alexander Kalinkovich ◽  
Adel Shalata ◽  
Gregory Livshits
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Based

Musculoskeletal pain (MSP), specifically low back pain (LBP), is often associated with several adipose tissue-derived cytokines (adipokines) and body composition, but their correlations with the LBP-related disability/severity phenotypes remain poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, two self-reported validated questionnaires were used to collect back pain and disability data in an ethnically homogeneous family-based population sample (N = 1078). Plasma levels of relatively new adipokines, vaspin and adipsin, were detected by ELISA. Body composition parameters, including fat, skeletal muscle mass, extracellular water (ECW), and others were assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology. Statistical analysis was conducted, accounting for the familial composition of the sample. The multiple regression analyses with four LBP-related phenotypes as dependent variables consistently showed, for the first time, the significant associations with vaspin levels, regardless of other covariates. The odds ratios (OR)/SD ranged between 1.24 (95%CI = 1.03–1.50) and 1.33 (95%CI = 1.07–1.64), depending on the LBP phenotype. Among the tested body composition covariates, only ECW levels displayed consistent and highly significant associations with all tested LBP phenotypes (OR from 1.43, 95%CI = 1.14–1.79 to 1.68, 95%CI = 1.26–2.24). The results clearly suggest that circulating concentrations of vaspin and ECW levels could serve as biomarkers of MSP/LBP severity and complications.

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