County towns merchants’ agricultural enterprise of Tambov Governorate in the 19th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
Marina Akolzina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Social Modernization ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The 19Th Century

We center on the issue of studying merchant land ownership and land use in Tambov Governorate in the 19th century. The relevance of this study is due to the need to fill the source and historiographical gap in the study of the Russian version of social and economic business ac-tivities in the agricultural sector in the pre-reform period. The results are promising for solving the problems facing the agriculture of our region at the present stage. Currently, one of the priorities of social and economic development of the Tambov Region is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex, the qualitative development of rural areas. The scientific novel-ty is associated with the consideration of merchant farms through the analysis of innovative forms formation of rationalism and entrepreneurship in agriculture at the micro level. Consideration of the merchant activities conditions allows to fully disclose previously unknown aspects of social modernization, to characterize the specifics of the entrepreneurial functions implementation in the agricultural sector, to assess the dynamics of new forms of economy development in our region in the pre-reform period. The activities of entrepreneurs in the agricultural business, their role in the process of agricultural society modernization in Russia is still undisclosed in concrete historical manifestations. Issues of the private-owned merchant farms development in Tambov Governorate has not yet been the subject of serious scientific analysis.

scholarly journals Fertility in Rostock and Rural Mecklenburg-Schwerin in the 19th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 11-39
Author(s):  
Siegfried Gruber ◽  
Rembrandt Scholz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

In this paper we first set out to evaluate how much the fertility between Rostock as an urban settlement differed from the surrounding rural area of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in the 19th century. The available microdata allows for a more in-depth analysis compared to previous research based on aggregate data. The censuses of 1819, 1867, and 1900 provide data for using the Own-Children-Method. We analyse the urban-rural difference, the influence of occupational groups in the city of Rostock and its rural surroundings, and finally the influence of migration on fertility in the city of Rostock. Immigration from rural areas and other cities was the main reason for the population increase of Rostock in the 19th century and this could have affected its fertility levels. Overall fertility was higher for rural areas than for urban ones, while marital fertility was more or less the same. Marital fertility was almost the same for all occupational groups, even for the agricultural sector. Migration had no visible effect on marital fertility, which is both interesting and unexpected. The most important factor for the level of overall fertility was the proportion of married people, which was an outcome of the possibilities offered by different economic sectors and environments.

scholarly journals The Development of Cloth Industry in the Noble Households of the Middle Volga Region in Second Half of XIX Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Roman V. Fedoseev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Cloth Production ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods

Introduction. The development of the cloth industry in the noble farms of the Middle Volga region in second half of XIX centuries occurred under the conditions of active reform of the agricultural sector of the country’s economy, which predetermined significant difficulties for the local nobility, which received significant preferences in the implementation of commercial and industrial business in the pre-reform period. Materials and Methods. Statistical, problem-chronological, historical-systemic and comparative-historical methods allowed us to trace the changes that occurred during the study period in the cloth industry of the noble industry. Results. As a result of the study, the degree of prevalence of this industry and its share in the overall industry structure of each province of the studied region, as well as the reasons for the popularity of cloth production among the local nobility, were analyzed. The volumes of production based on the official statistics are shown. The factors that predetermined the crisis state of the industry after the abolition of serfdom are indicated. The main directions of development of this industry in the post-reform period are investigated. The factors of reducing the number of cloth factories in the noble estates and the reasons for their massive transition to the merchant estate are considered. On the example of one of the largest factories, the general structure of the woolen production of the corresponding period is investigated. A large number of specific examples of noble cloth factories are given, indicating their owners, the equipment available, the number of workers and the volume of production. Discussion and Conclusions. The conclusion is drawn about the transitional state of the noble cloth industry, which, despite the crisis phenomena of the second half of the 19th century, continued to play an important role in the economy of the noble households of this region.

scholarly journals Diversification strategy in agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
R. A. Konuspayev ◽  
◽  
T. Zh. Demesinov ◽  
T. A. Taipov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Crop And Livestock Production

The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the importance of diversification of production aimed to increase the competitiveness of agro-industrial complex at the present stage of economic development. The goal is to analyze the features of transformation of organizational and production structure of agricultural enterprise, which consists in supplementing it with new types of products, technologies, suppliers, etc. Objectives to show the importance of diversification processes to ensure sustainability of agricultural producers to negative changes in the external and internal environment. Results – it is noted that the priority areas of diversification in agro-industrial production include the organization of new branches of crop and livestock production, the inclusion of productive species, varieties or hybrids of crops in crop rotations, the development of processing sectors, the system of material and technical supply and marketing of products, etc. commodity diversity, reorientation of sales markets in agro-industrial complex is especially important in view of high risks of doing business associated with the high dependence of its results on weather conditions of the year, soil and natural-climatic factors, etc. The conducted analysis shows that the important conditions for deepening structural restructuring include developed agricultural policy of the State, a system of effective measures for regulating and supporting the industry, attracting investment in the development of agricultural sector and financial markets. The performed studies allowed us to draw the following main conclusions – diversification of production is a promising direction for the development of economic activity of enterprises, ensuring the growth of their proceeds from product sales, profits and profitability.

scholarly journals CONDITION AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Петр Акмаров ◽  
Petr Akmarov ◽  
Миршарип Газетдинов ◽  
Mirsharip Gazetdinov ◽  
Ольга Князева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government

The description of the main characteristics of the modern stage of development of information technology and global trends in digitalization is given. A brief information is given on the state of informatization in Russia as a whole, as well as in the country’s agriculture. A comparative analysis of the level of digitalization in rural areas and urban districts is given, the main reasons for the differences are highlighted. The necessity of information technologies development in the agricultural sector of the economy, as a factor in ensuring the country’s food security and a factor in the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, is substantiated. The features of intellectual agriculture, its benefits for producers and for the population are shown. The dynamics of innovative technologies development is given based on the digital economy in recent years with the release of lagging branches of the agro-industrial complex. The regional differentiation of digitalization of the economy among the population is shown, the interrelation of the informatization level of the population with the development of innovative technologies in the economy of the region is shown. Using the example of cellular communication development, the convergence of digitalization level in cities and villages of the country has been proved. The main problems hindering the information technologies development in agriculture and new solutions adopted at the level of the President and the Government of Russia on the development of informatization are highlighted. The most promising areas of agricultural transformation are shown, focused on the digitization of various aspects of the industry and infrastructure production and sales.

scholarly journals DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE NEW WORLD OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Tatiana Sergeevna Kolmykova ◽  
Natalya Petrovna Kazarenkova ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Merzlyakova ◽  
Oleg Valeryevich Aseev ◽  
Petr Petrovich Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Agricultural Business

Abstract The global process of digital transformation of the economic space currently involves all industries. The introduction of digital technologies and platform solutions into the activities of enterprises in the agricultural sector is a strategically important task to ensure the country’s food security, the solution of which is being carried out within the framework of the national project “Digital Agriculture.” The relevance and the need for digital transformation of agriculture and the food industry are due to the new capabilities of managing agro-industrial complexes, as well as the modern conditions for the formation and realization of their development potential. The research focuses on instruments of digitalization of agriculture as a way of innovative optimization of its development. The efficiency of introducing digital innovations and information technologies into agriculture is based on improving the efficiency of production processes, organizing and managing an agricultural enterprise, taking into account the elimination of targeted conflicts, while achieving a balance of productivity and environmental friendliness of technological processes. This approach to the digital transformation of the agricultural sector will contribute to the qualitative restructuring of all production and organizational processes, which will ultimately create the prerequisites for increasing efficiency and reducing the risk of agriculture as a whole.

Improving Labor Productivity and Efficiency of the Use of Production Resources of Agricultural Enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
S.A. Sharipov ◽  
◽  
N.L. Titov ◽  
G.A. Kharisov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Production Resources

The article considers the current trends in the organization of agricultural production. The directions of evaluation of efficiency of use of production resources are revealed. The prospects for the development of agricultural business in the Republic of Tatarstan are determined. It is noted that in modern conditions, the importance of agriculture in ensuring food security is significantly increasing. The results of regulation of agricultural production and state support of various organizational forms of agricultural business are shown on the example of agricultural formations of the Republic of Tatarstan. They ensured the sustainable development of rural areas and the agricultural sector of the republic, increasing labor productivity and the efficiency of using the production resources of agricultural enterprises on the basis of innovations.

Schooling in the United States

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd M. Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Adult Status ◽  
The 19Th Century

The rise of schooling, from a peripheral activity of religious groups and some elites to a virtually universal and global experience of nearly all children, has been the object of study for over a century. Socialization, usually accomplished within the family, is how young people were traditionally brought into the skills and knowledge required by adult status. A few were chosen for more specialized and formalized education, among them priests, but “going to school” was a very uncommon human experience until the 19th century in the United States, when the “common school movement” established schools in rural areas and cities. By the second half of the 19th century, mass elementary schooling was in place and the expansion of “comprehensive” secondary education had begun. After World War II, a similar pattern of growth in higher education began to take shape. Increasingly called “postsecondary schooling,” the kinds of organizations offering this level of education were diverse, with a large expansion of public institutions, two- and four-year degree programs, and a robust private sector. As this expansion has taken place, the content of schooling, as well as the forms it has assumed, has grown. The questions scholars have asked about this phenomenon include “why has it taken place?” and “what are its consequences?” This article will focus on the literature documenting the expansion of schooling in the United States, the explanations that have been developed for this expansion, and assessments of its consequences. “Functional” (including human capital) explanations have stressed the technical demands of the labor market as the economy has moved from one based on extraction of resources (like farming) to manufacturing, and on to service activities. This view asserts that formal schooling needed to be expanded to transfer the cognitive skills required to attain independent adult status in the new economy. Alternatively, “conflict” theories see education as a tool used by competing groups to exclude nonmembers from eligibility for positions that provide high rewards. Dominant groups shape educational expectations and content in ways that privilege their own members, thus sustaining their dominance. Finally, “neo-institutional” explanations emphasize how education has become the chief legitimate mechanism for selection of people to adult statuses in society. These perspectives include a vast literature into which this essay will provide entrée. After assaying the theoretical literature, this report will examine the consequences of educational expansion for some specific educational topics, including early childhood education, the “college for all” movement, women in higher education, and the rise of community colleges and for-profit colleges.

scholarly journals New Method for Efficiency Evaluation of Digital Technologies in Agricultural Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-504
Author(s):  
Артём Рада ◽  
Artem Rada ◽  
Елена Федулова ◽  
Elena Fedulova ◽  
Петр Косинский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Social Components

The paper features digital technologies in satellite farming and introduces a quantitative methodology to evaluate various types of their effectiveness. The authors determined the main types of efficiency and components of evaluation and substantiated the algorithm of analysis. The paper also contains a list of related economic, environmental, and social components, as well as a set of formulas and dependencies. The methodology for assessing the effectiveness of digital technologies has a two-block structure. The first block determines the needs and opportunities for the implementation of digital technologies and helps to define the enterprises that may benefit from digital technologies. The second block involves a direct evaluation of the results and efficiency of the digital technologies to be implemented and substantiates management solutions. The paper describes approaches and procedures that help to assess the biological, technological, and economic benefits of digital technologies for an agricultural enterprise. The authors quantified the structure of the environmental effect of the introduction of digital technologies and introduced some dependencies can determine profitability and cost recovery indicators. The research used the methodological approach to assess the environmental and social efficiency of digital technologies for an agricultural enterprise. The approach corresponds with the requirements of sustainable agricultural development declared by the UN. The results can be used by enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and suppliers of digital technologies.

scholarly journals NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlina Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Impact

The extremely fast pace with which digital technologies are developing and their entry into the agricultural sector is changing the business environment, working conditions and the composition of the workforce. This in turn creates an opportunity to increase the efficiency of farms, while improving the economic and environmental sustainability of the sector and rural areas. The aim of this report is to examine the impact that the application of digital technologies in agribusiness has on employment in the sector, the emergence of new occupations and changes in working conditions, as well as to identify the challenges to human resource management in the digital environment. agriculture.

scholarly journals Improving the Quality of Training of Engineering Personnel for the Agro-Industrial Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00130
Author(s):  
Farida Nezhmetdinova ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Guzel Fassakhova ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
Andrey Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Engineering Personnel

The article notes the need to improve the quality of engineering personnel training for the agricultural economy. This is due to the fact that the development of modern agricultural production and the sharply accelerated processes of developing and implementing innovative technologies in production against the background of increasing attention to digital technologies in agriculture require a radical modernization of the technical base of the agricultural sector of the economy. The article presents the concept of agricultural classes for young people in rural areas. This concept represents a positive experience of early involvement of young people in agricultural specialties and especially engineering personnel. A special feature of this approach is the involvement of specific agricultural producers, who are anchor employers in these territories, in the early career guidance of young people. The importance of agricultural classes is that already at school, the student can form his attitude to agriculture and by the time of graduation decided what profession and specialty he wants to master. The connection between school and university formed with the help of agricultural classes helps today's students to make a choice that will determine their future life. And its correctness depends not only on the future of one person, but also on the agriculture of the country as a whole. The article presents the experience of creating and operating agricultural classes created in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) by Kazan State Agrarian University, which can be replicated for other countries and will help reduce the negative trends of the shortage of qualified engineering personnel for agricultural production.

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