Problems of development of the party education system in the Far East of the USSR in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Isaev
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Far East ◽  
Organizational Control ◽  
Political Education ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Local Party

The work is devoted to the study of forms, methods, approaches, peculiarities of functioning and problems of development of the system of party and political education in the Far East of the USSR in the 1930s. Based on the analysis of archival documents, it is substantiated that many problems of the development of this system were due to its isolation from the basic party and political educational centers and dictated the specific features of its functioning. They are as-sociated with the limited material and human resources, its frequent substitution with economic activities, as well as indifference to it on the part of party and economic leaders in the field. It is proved that this, in turn, led to an underestimation of the importance of party training on the part of workers and employees, their poor coverage of education and a low degree of attendance at training events. The central and local party and political leadership constantly tried to solve the problems that hindered the progressive development of party and political education. However, despite their actions to strengthen organizational, control and other measures for the development of party and political education, the situation remained complex and ambiguous.

AMUR RIVER TRANSPORT IN INTERACTION OF THE AMUR REGION (RUSSIA) AND THE HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE (CHINA) IN THE 1990S

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
YING СAI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Amur River ◽  
River Transport ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
Rela Tions ◽  
Transport Potential

The purpose of the article is to analyze the significance of the Amur River transport activity in the 1990s for interregional Russian-Chinese cross-border coopera-tion in the Far East. Using the materials in Chinese as well as archival documents, the author examines the process of border ties resumption between Russia and China in the Far East after the normalization of rela-tions between the countries. The peculiarities of the river fleet functioning on the Amur during the period of socio-economic reforms of the last decade of the 20th century in Russia are studied. The characteristic of the Amur River transport potential is presented. The prob-lems of the Amur River transport in the development of cooperation between the Russian Amur Region and the Chinese province of Heilongjiang in the context of Rus-sian-Chinese relations at the interstate and interregion-al levels are structured.

scholarly journals Means of Transport by Udehe: The Transformation and Survival of Material Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Vladimir Degtiar
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Far East ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe how the material culture of the indigenous hunters and fishermen of the Udehe in the Far East of Russia have been transformed by outside influence, from an autonomous and already sophisticated culture to a dependent and modernized one. The discussion centres around the means of water transport, two kinds of dugout boats (the bat and omorochka) because they were and still are essential for hunting and fishing, which are the main economic activities of Udehe. The author demonstrates how this one part of material culture has changed in manufacturing and use, and what has changed in the everyday life due to this transformation.

scholarly journals Musical Theatre in the North of the Far East of Russia: 1950–1953

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.И. Крыловская
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Far East ◽  
Musical Theatre ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of

В марте 1950 года в Магадан приехала московская молодежная труппа оперетты. Это событие положило начало качественно новому этапу в истории музыкального театра Севера Дальнего Востока России. Статья посвящена деятельности этого молодого коллектива в 1950‒1953 годах, когда Магаданский музыкально-драматический театр находился в подчинении у руководства исправительно-трудовых лагерей Колымы. Приводятся сведения из неизвестных ранее архивных документов и материалов периодики. На их основе прослеживаются события в жизни коллектива, работа над репертуаром, постановочные проблемы; рецензии отражают восприятие и оценку современников. По мнению автора, деятельность труппы оперетты в начале 1950-х годов утвердила Магаданский музыкально-драматический театр как центр музыкальной культуры региона, стимулировавший развитие в нем профессионального исполнительства и музыкального образования. In March, 1950 the Moscow youth operetta troupe arrived in Magadan. This event laid the foundation for qualitatively new stage in the history of musical theatre of the North of the Far East of Russia. The article is devoted to the activity of this young collective in 1950‒1953 when the Magadan musical and drama theatre was under supervision at the management of labor camps of Kolyma. Data from unknown archival documents and materials of the periodical press are provided, serving the basis for tracing events in collective life, work on the repertoire, the production problems, reviews which reflected perception and assessment of contemporaries. The remained photo of the soloist of troupe is provided in the article, along with the first time published data and pictures of archival documents which were secret until the early 1990s. According to the author, activity of the operetta troupe in the early 1950s approved the Magadan Musical and Drama Theatre as the center of musical culture of the region stimulating development therein of professional performance and music education.

scholarly journals Territories of Advanced Development as a link in the development of the territorial socio-economic systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
П.Я. Бакланов
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
General Description ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Government ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Advanced Development

В 2014 г. в Правительстве РФ был разработан новый инструмент развития Дальнего Востока – создание территорий опережающего развития (ТОР). Был принят специальный федеральный закон (ФЗ). К настоящему времени в Дальневосточном федеральном округе во всех субъектах, кроме Магаданской области, определены 20 ТОР, под которые выделяется компактная территория с наличием благоприятных условий социально-экономического развития и ряда крупных инвестиционных проектов, благодаря чему эта территория может стать точкой роста и способствовать развитию района в целом. В статье приводится общая характеристика ТОР Дальнего Востока, обобщены проблемы, проявляющиеся на стадии их создания. Дается детальная характеристика одной из первых ТОР – Надеждинской, формирующейся вблизи Владивостока. Для этой ТОР был разработан План перспективного развития, включающий оценку основных предпосылок и конкурентных преимуществ ее формирования, обоснование приоритетных видов деятельности, обобщенную оценку экономической эффективности и перспектив пространственного развития. В будущем на Дальнем Востоке возможно образование новых ТОР по глубокой переработке природных ресурсов суши и моря на основе новейших инновационных технологий. В ряде случаев целесообразно создание ТОР регионального значения с введением местных преференций, что будет стимулировать местные инициативы. При этом будут использованы имеющиеся благоприятные условия комплексного пространственного развития. In 2014, the Government of the Russian Federation has established a new tool for the development of the Far East by forming a territory of advanced development (TAD). A specific Federal Law (FL) has been passed. Today, 20 TADs have been determined in all federal units of the Far Eastern Federal District, except for Magadan Oblast. TAD is allocated on a compact area with favorable conditions for socio-economic development and a number of large investment projects, stipulating its conversion into a growth point and input to the development of the region as a whole. The article provides a general description of the TADs in the Far East with their schematic maps, generalizes the problems that appear at the stage of their creation. A detailed description of one of the first TAD, Nadezhdinskaya TAD, near Vladivostok is given. A long-term development plan, highlighting and justifying the priority economic activities and resident companies was developed for this TAD under the supervision of the author.

scholarly journals Reaction of the Far East to the Transition to Open Forms of Trade in the Mid-1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Dudar ◽  
◽  
Alexander A. Isaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Far East ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Far Eastern

Referring to archival documents, this article considers the sentiments of the Far Eastern population of the USSR and its reaction to the transition from the rationing system to free trade which started on 1 January 1935. The study of the socio-psychological aspects of important events and phenomena of the mid-1930s, including public sentiments, is relevant as they contribute to the recreation of the psychological portrait of the generation. The authors of the article emphasise the fact that the reaction of the population of the region to the transformation of the distribution system was ambiguous and depended on various political, ideological, and socioeconomic aspects of life. A significant part of the population supported the actions of the authorities and was positive. Far Easterners were motivated by the expectations of improving the overall socioeconomic situation in the country and hopes for the early construction of a just society. At the same time, there was also a critical mood, which was caused both by numerous miscalculations in the organisation of trade and by groundless rumours and gossip. Negative sentiments were both latent, manifested themselves in conversations with colleagues and the family circle, and open showing in public speeches. A part of the population doubted the necessity of abolishing the rationing system for fear of famine. The central and local authorities attempted to eradicate any critical mood and backlash by various means, e.g. by normalising the supply system, but the situation with the supply of the population of the Far Eastern region continued to be difficult throughout the 1930s.

scholarly journals The organizational basis of the construction of the Soviet militia and the problems of their implementation in the Far East (October 1917 ‒ the beginning of the 1920s)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Тatyana А. Ornatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temporary Suspension ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Important Milestone

Introduction. Currently, the centenary of the Russian revolution is widely celebrated ‒ an important milestone providing an opportunity to draw a line and analyze the events of a century ago. Together there are centuries-old anniversaries and other state structures formed in Soviet Russia. Materials and Methods. The end of the XX century was marked by access of a wide range of researchers to departmental archival materials. Expanding the availability of archival documents allows to critically assessing the formation of the Soviet militia. The author, using a regional approach, reveals little-known pages of the first far Eastern militia. Results. The purpose of this study is to cover the first period, i.e. before the beginning of the Civil war in the region, the activities of Soviet militia officers the article highlights the difficulties of the organizational construction of the Soviet militia in the Far East. The author, noting the remoteness of the region, the small number of the party stratum, rampant banditry that did not allow implementing the principles of the Soviet construction of the militia, defined by the leadership of the country, highlights the process of formation of the Soviet militia apparatus. Discussion and Conclusions. In conclusion, it is concluded that the fall of Soviet power in the Far East predetermined the transition of party leaders to an illegal situation, and, consequently, the temporary suspension of the activities of the Soviet militia.

scholarly journals Activities of the NKVD of the Far East in the fight against crime in the second half of 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-567
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Zhadan
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Post War ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the causes and conditions of the aggravation of the criminal situation in the Far East in the second half of 1945 and the historical experience of local NKVD (Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs) bodies in maintaining law and order under the conditions of the Soviet-Japanese war and the first post-war period. Based on the analysis of the documentation of the NKVD departments of Primorye and Khabarovsk territories, including internal administrative documents (orders, plans, etc.), as well as materials of primary party organizations (minutes of party meetings, certificates, memos, etc.), the author draws conclusions about the development of the criminal situation in the region, and discusses the NKVDs ways and directions to ensure law and order. Studying the stated problems, it was possible not only to state the presence of negative dynamics in the number and severity of criminal manifestations, but also to establish that the criminal crisis of the second half of 1945 was caused by the imposition of new socio-economic and political factors (including the amnesty for prisoners, the relocation of large masses of troops, the Soviet-Japanese war, the placement of prisoners of war, demobilization) on the already difficult criminal situation that had developed during the Great Patriotic War. The study largely confirmed the fact repeatedly noted in historiography about the impact of personnel starvation and problems of material support on the effectiveness of the NKVD in the war and post-war period. The archival documents show that the main ways to normalize the operational situation in the Far East region were measures concerning organizational work and operational-search activities, as well as control-methodical and administrative measures. The author concludes that the measures taken allowed the NKVD of the Far East to reverse the explosive growth of serious street crime by the end of 1945. However, this success was only partial - the overall level of criminal activity in the region continued to remain at a fairly high level for several post-war years.

scholarly journals Social-Democratic Underground of the Far East in the early XX Century: Public Records of the Center for Social and Political History

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
S. V. Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Far East ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Public Records ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Far Eastern

The research features public records concerning the Social-Democratic organizations of the Far East (Russia), stored in the collection of illegal publications at the Center for Social and Political History, the rare book section. The collection contains archival documents originating from the two largest Social-Democratic groups of the Far East located in Blagoveshchensk and Vladivostok. The records include: various reports, corporate charters, resolutions of party meetings, mandates to elected officials, and small newspapers. Publications issued by the Far Eastern social democratic organizations were mostly leaflets printed on a typewriter or published on a hectograph or mimeograph. Some leaflets were printed in actual print shops of private publishing houses or in handicraft illegal print shops. Most of the documents were previously unstudied. However, they belong to the category of particularly valuable and unique historical documents of cultural, historical and scientific value for the study of the Socio-Political movement of the Russian East. The author believes that the public records stored at the Center for Social and Political History, in combination with other archival data, may cast light on the state of the history of Social-Democratic underground in the Far East, its formation and development.

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