On a Class of Isotopic Connectivity of Gradient-like Maps of the 2-sphere with Saddles of Negative Orientation Type

Статья посвящена рассмотрению особенностей формирования неформальных групп в пенитенциарном учреждении и характеру их влияния на процесс исправления осужденных, являющихся членами этих групп. Приводятся статистические данные о преступности в исправительных учреждениях за последние годы, а также действиях, дезорганизующих работу исправительных учреждений. Рассматриваются причины влияния криминальной субкультуры на личность осужденного и особенности формирования неформальных групп различной направленности (положительной, отрицательной и нейтральной). Особое внимание уделяется взаимообусловленному процессу влияния на личность осужденного неформальной группы и администрации пенитенциарного учреждения, от которого во многом зависит возможность его исправления. Анализируются психологические механизмы, лежащие в основе приобщения осужденного к неформальным группам отрицательной направленности. Описываются психолого-педагогические особенности воспитательной работы с осужденными в неформальных группах. Характеризуется выбор средств, форм и мер воздействия на личность осужденного в неформальных группах. Указываются особенности воспитательных воздействий на личность осужденного, приводящие к тем или иным изменениям в личностной сфере. Рассматриваются обстоятельства для наибольшего положительного эффекта от воспитательной работы и указываются социально-психологические явления, которые наиболее эффективны, а также разнообразные методы профилактического и пресекающего воздействия. В заключение рассматривается важность изменений в управленческих и воспитательных структурах исправительных учреждений, в стилях воздействия и режима содержания осужденных, а также необходимость повышения уровня психолого-педагогической подготовки сотрудников, расширения знаний о специфике индивидуального и группового поведения осужденных. The article is devoted to the consideration of the peculiarities of the formation of informal groups in a penitentiary institution and the nature of their influence on the process of correction of convicts who are members of these groups. Statistics on crime in correctional institutions over the past year sare provided as well as actions that disrupt the work of correctional institutions. The reasons for the influence of the criminal subculture on the personality of the convict and the peculiarities of the formation of informal groups of various orientations (positive, negative and neutral) are considered. Particular attention is paid to the interdependent process of influence on the personality of the convict by the informal group and the administration of the penitentiary institution, on which the possibility of his correction largely depends. The psychological mechanisms underlying the introduction of a convict to informal groups of a negative orientation are analyzed. Psychological and pedagogical features of educational work with convicts in informal groups are described. The choice of meansis characterized as well as forms and measures of influence on the personality of the convicted person in informal groups. Specific features of educational influences on the personality of the convicted person, leading to certain changes in the personal sphere are examined. The circumstances for the most positive effect of educational work are considered, and the socio-psychological phenomena that are most effective are indicated, as well as various methods of preventive and intersecting influence. At the end of the article the importance of changes in the management and educational structures of correctional institutionsis discussed as well as changes in the styles of influence and the regime of detention of prisoners and the need to improve the level of psychological and pedagogical training of employees, expanding knowledge about the specifics of individual and group behavior.

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Who is in the Room? Notification for Intrusions While in Virtual Reality

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 521-525

Author(s):

Aaron Crowson ◽

Zachary H. Pugh ◽

Michael Wilkinson ◽

Christopher B. Mayhorn

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Visual Field ◽

Physical World ◽

Visual Modality ◽

Auditory Modality ◽

Oculus Rift ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Sensory Modalities ◽

Orientation Type

The development of head-mounted display virtual reality systems (e.g., Oculus Rift, HTC Vive) has resulted in an increasing need to represent the physical world while immersed in the virtual. Current research has focused on representing static objects in the physical room, but there has been little research into notifying VR users of changes in the environment. This study investigates how different sensory modalities affect noticeability and comprehension of notifications designed to alert head-mounted display users when a person enters his/her area of use. In addition, this study investigates how the use of an orientation type notification aids in perception of alerts that manifest outside a virtual reality users’ visual field. Results of a survey indicated that participants perceived the auditory modality as more effective regardless of notification type. An experiment corroborated these findings for the person notifications; however, the visual modality was in practice more effective for orientation notifications.

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Stable Arcs Connecting Polar Cascades on a Torus

Nelineinaya Dinamika ◽

10.20537/nd210103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 23-37

Author(s):

O. V. Pochinka ◽

◽

E. V. Nozdrinova ◽

Keyword(s):

Two Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Torus ◽

Positive Orientation ◽

Stable Isotopic ◽

Orientation Type

In the article, the components of the stable isotopic connection of polar gradient-like diffeomorphisms on a two-dimensional torus are found under the assumption that all non-wandering points are fixed and have a positive orientation type.

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Development and Psychometric Properties of NEGORI (Negative Orientation Questionnaire)

Journal of Relationships Research ◽

10.1017/jrr.2018.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

László Kasik ◽

Zita Gál ◽

Edit Tóth

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Questionnaire Development ◽

Equation Model ◽

Social Problem Solving ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Negative Orientation

There are several available questionnaires that measure negative problem orientation with one factor. Our aim was to create a multifactor questionnaire that enables a more detailed and reliable analysis of interpersonal problems and one's negative orientation toward their solutions in adolescence. We carried out two data collections during the development of the questionnaire (N2016 = 952, N2017 = 835) among 12-, 15- and 18-year-olds. The tested statements were chosen based on the category system of an earlier pilot research, as well as students’ and professionals’ statements, which were then organised into a factor structure. To analyse convergent and discriminative validity, the Social Problem-Solving Inventory — Revised (SPSI-R; D'Zurilla et al., 2002) was used. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) greatly support the theoretical factor structure, and the structural equation model (SEM) also confirmed what had been thought about the system of connections of the latent dimensions. The result of the questionnaire development is the 21-item, six-factor NEGORI (Negative Orientation Questionnaire), which bears good reliability indexes in all age groups and can measure the following aspects within negative orientation: negative self-efficacy; negative consequences; positive consequences; habits, pattern; waiting; fending off the problem. We gained different and more detailed information as compared to previous data related to age and gender.

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RELATIONS BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AND NONRELIGIOUS JEWS IN ISRAEL

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1991.19.2.133 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 133-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ephraim Tabory

Keyword(s):

Social Distance ◽

State Level ◽

Jewish Tradition ◽

Positive Orientation ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Interpersonal Contact ◽

The Public ◽

The Social ◽

Negative Orientation ◽

Religion And State

This study investigates the cognitions, attitudes and behavioral intentions concerning interpersonal contact between nonreligious and religious Jews in Israel. The hypothesis examined is that distance from Jewish tradition is related to a negative orientation regarding questions of state and religion, tolerance for demands on the part of observant Jews to further religious goals on the state level, and the social distance between religious and nonreligious Jews. The data for this study are based on closed ended questionnaires completed by 671 Jewish male and female Israeli university students. The findings indicate that those who identify themselves as more religious observe more ritual, have a more positive orientation toward an intertwining of religion and state on a macro level and to the specific demands for the observance of religious life in the public sector, and prefer contact with religious persons over contact with nonreligious persons. At the same time, the social contacts between the religious and nonreligious are characterized by more informal than formal isolation. These findings are discussed with regard to the question of social integration among Jews in Israeli society.

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Examining Time Perspective Orientation in Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempts

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1521/jscp.2019.38.7.627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 627-646

Author(s):

Arezoo Shahnaz ◽

Boaz Y. Saffer ◽

E. David Klonsky

Keyword(s):

Psychological Functioning ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Time Perspective ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Time Perspectives ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Negative Orientation ◽

Two Measures

Introduction: Time perspective orientation (TPO) refers to the way an individual psychologically and behaviorally connects to temporal concepts of past, present, and future. Previous studies have hypothesized that certain types of time perspectives, such as a negative orientation towards the past, predict negative psychological functioning and outcomes, including suicide risk. The current study examines whether differences in TPOs are linked to suicidal thoughts or suicidal acts using two measures of time perspective. Methods: We recruited a large online U.S.-based sample comprised of three groups: participants with (a) a history of suicide attempts (attempters; n = 107), (b) a history of suicide ideation but no history of attempts (ideators; n = 164), and (c) no history of ideation or attempts (nonsuicidal; n = 194). Results: A Positive Past (d = 0.71) and Negative Past (d = 0.89) orientation yielded large differences between individuals with a history of suicide ideation and nonsuicidal participants, where Positive Past was elevated among nonsuicidal participants and Negative Past among ideators. These differences were not accounted for by depression or anxiety. However, TPO differences between individuals with a history of suicide ideation and individuals with a history of attempts ranged from negligible to small (d range = 0.03—0.33). Discussion: The findings suggest that time perspective may be robustly associated with the development of suicide ideation, but only minimally related to suicide attempts among ideators.

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Professional Communication of Employees of the Internal Affairs Agencies

Baikal Research Journal ◽

10.17150/2411-6262.2020.11(3).17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Larisa Nezhkina ◽

Natalya Fontalova

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Law Enforcement Officers ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Professional Communication ◽

Educational Organizations ◽

Educational Organization ◽

Emerging Issues ◽

Negative Orientation ◽

Personal Qualities ◽

Internal Affairs

This article studies the importance of professional communication training for employees of internal affairs in the educational organization of the Ministry of internal affairs agencies of Russia. The research justified the necessity of developing communicative qualities, acquiring professional knowledge and communication skills of a law enforcement officer by the fact that law enforcement officers are the specialists of the «man-man» professional system. Professional communication of employees of internal affairs has its own characteristics, which are primarily related to interaction with different categories of citizens, including those citizens who violate the law and public order. It is important for the employee to be able to interact with citizens at a high professional level, and for this it is necessary to possess mental and pedagogical technologies. Training of an internal affairs officer in psychological and pedagogical technologies takes place in educational organization of the Ministry of internal affairs of Russia. However, in nowadays, due to the coronavirus educational organizations teach online and these circumstances have led to a negative tendency associated with the formation of personal qualities in employees that do not contribute to effective professional communication. This negative orientation is confirmed by the research conducted by the authors focused on the study of communicative qualities of employees of internal affairs agencies. The research involved employees studying in an educational organization of the Ministry of internal affairs of Russia. The research found an increasing negative tendency of development of such negative qualities as low self-esteem, uncertainty, social and communicative passivity of employees of internal affairs agencies. In conclusion the authors provided their views and perspectives on how to address those emerging issues.

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ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE MEASURE OF EXISTENCE OF UNRELIABLE INFORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION CONFLICT

Cybersecurity Education Science Technique ◽

10.28925/2663-4023.2021.14.1525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (14) ◽

pp. 15-25

Author(s):

Tetiana Laptievа

Keyword(s):

Decision Makers ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Modern World ◽

Research Development ◽

Conceptual Basis ◽

Inaccurate Information ◽

Negative Orientation ◽

Information Conflict ◽

Properties Of Information ◽

General Estimation

Social interaction of subjects in the modern world, in addition to positive forms, also has negative ones. One of such forms is information confrontation, the conceptual basis of which is to spread in the information space of the enemy unreliable information to influence the assessments, intentions, and orientation of the population and decision-makers. In this case, information becomes a more important resource than material or energy resources. The analysis of laws and properties of existence and distribution of information in the conditions of information confrontation is carried out. Based on the analysis of the above laws and studying the properties of information, the main features of the perception of information by the subjects are formulated. These are selectivity, attitude to certain information, authority (reputation), imaginary secrecy of receiving information. It is shown that on the basis of the formulated features of perception of information of subjects it is possible to create visibility of reliability of the information, and then no force will convince that it is specially made for the purpose of incorrect estimation, the negative orientation of the population and decision-makers. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the parameters of information evaluation are used as a measure of the probability of propagation of inaccurate information. The degree of probability of dissemination of unreliable information is determined for each law of existence of information separately. The general estimation of the probability of distribution of unreliable information consists of the production of values of measures of each law in the person. Depending on the preference of a particular law for a particular type of information, the value of the measure will vary. That is, the proposed algorithm, in contrast to existing methods of evaluating information, additionally takes into account the type and class of information. The direction of further research: development of a scale of measures to assess the probability of spreading inaccurate information. Using as coefficients of the model the parameters of the developed scale of measures to assess the probability of propagation of inaccurate information. Creation of a mathematical model of distribution of unreliable information in the conditions of information confrontation.

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COMMON-SENSE LEGITIMATION OF INFORMAL PRACTICES IN PRESENT-DAY SERBIA

Society Register ◽

10.14746/sr.2019.3.1.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 105-120

Author(s):

MILOŠ JOVANOVIĆ

Keyword(s):

Common Sense ◽

Social Life ◽

Practical Knowledge ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

The Balkans ◽

The World ◽

Negative Orientation ◽

Informal Practices

As a part of a larger research within the Horizon 2020 project Closing the Gap Between Formal and Informal Institutions in the Balkans, 38 semi-structured interviews with citizens of Serbia have been conducted in the period July – October 2017. These comprise the database used for analysis of “narratives of informality” – stories of how the research participants legitimize (or rationalize) informal practices (using connections and acquaintances to “get things done”, giving/receiving bribe, exchange of favors, etc.), supplemented by the analysis of participants’ attitudes towards informal practices, particularly when using them themselves. An insight into the respondents’ ideas of informality was gained through describing and understanding doxa – beliefs of an individual as “a quasi-perfect correspondence between the objective order and the subjective principles of organization (with which) the natural and social world appear as self-evident” (Bourdieu) or senso comune (Gramsci) – “naturalized”, unreflected, practical knowledge taking the form of self-explanatory content of common sense, that which is taken for granted, what “everybody knows“, the knowledge of the world that is undisputed – “just the way it is”, the domain of indefinite beliefs and incoherent views of the world, the knowledge which “legitimizes with the absence of legitimizing”. The assumption is that the “quality” of doxa, in the sense of its positive or negative orientation, has a large impact on the possibility of changes in formal practices and procedures – in some cases serving as a stimulus for change, and as an obstacle to changes in others – situations in which the new/imported rules remain “empty shells” with little influence in social life.

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The internal career of the type A personality

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology ◽

10.4102/sajip.v25i3.687 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

Author(s):

G. Rosslee ◽

R. Crous ◽

J. M. Schepers

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

South African ◽

Career Success ◽

Type A ◽

Optimal Experience ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Input Variables ◽

Type A Personality ◽

The Relationship ◽

Orientation Type

The principal aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the Type A personality, optimal experience (Flow) and career success orientation. Three questionnaires measuring the above-mentioned constructs were administered to 200 managers from a variety of South African organisations representing all organisational functions, genders and cultural groups. Using Flow and Type A as input variables, the sample was divided into four homogeneous clusters with the aid of a clustering technique. By means of a factor analysis, four career success orientations were identified and four scales were constructed accordingly. The four clusters were compared with one another in terms of career success orientation. From the analysis it transpired that Type As did not experience their work in an optimal way. However, in terms of career success orientation, type As obtained the highest mean Opsomming Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die verband te bepaal tussen Tipe A persoonlikheid, optimale belewenis van werk (Vioei) en loopbaansuksesorientasie. Die drie vraelyste wat die bovermelde konstrukte meet, is afgeneem op 200 bestuurders uit 'n verskeidenheid Suid Afrikaanse organisasies verteenwoordigend van alle organisatoriese funksies. geslagte en kultuurgroepe. Met Vloei en Tipe A persoonlikheid as insetveranderlikes is die steekproef in vier homogene bondels verdeel aan die hand van 'n bondelingstegniek. Met behulp van n faktoranalise is vier loopbaansuksesoriëntasies geïdentifiseer en is vier skale dienooreenkomstig gekonstrueer. Die vier bondels is met mekaar vergelyk in terme van loopbaansuksesoriëntasies. Daar is met behulp van die analise bevind dat Tipe A's hulle werk nie optimaal beleef nie, maar wat loopbaansuksesoriëntasie betref, het hulle die hoogste gemiddelde tellings behaal.

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