RELATIONS BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AND NONRELIGIOUS JEWS IN ISRAEL

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Tabory
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
State Level ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Positive Orientation ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Orientation ◽  
Religion And State

This study investigates the cognitions, attitudes and behavioral intentions concerning interpersonal contact between nonreligious and religious Jews in Israel. The hypothesis examined is that distance from Jewish tradition is related to a negative orientation regarding questions of state and religion, tolerance for demands on the part of observant Jews to further religious goals on the state level, and the social distance between religious and nonreligious Jews. The data for this study are based on closed ended questionnaires completed by 671 Jewish male and female Israeli university students. The findings indicate that those who identify themselves as more religious observe more ritual, have a more positive orientation toward an intertwining of religion and state on a macro level and to the specific demands for the observance of religious life in the public sector, and prefer contact with religious persons over contact with nonreligious persons. At the same time, the social contacts between the religious and nonreligious are characterized by more informal than formal isolation. These findings are discussed with regard to the question of social integration among Jews in Israeli society.

scholarly journals A Panel Evaluation of the Changes in the General Public’s Social-Media-Following of United States’ Public Health Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272199545
Author(s):  
Areej Khokhar ◽  
Aaron Spaulding ◽  
Zuhair Niazi ◽  
Sikander Ailawadhi ◽  
Rami Manochakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Departments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S

Importance: Social media is widely used by various segments of society. Its role as a tool of communication by the Public Health Departments in the U.S. remains unknown. Objective: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media following of the Public Health Departments of the 50 States of the U.S. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data were collected by visiting the Public Health Department web page for each social media platform. State-level demographics were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention was utilized to collect information regarding the Governance of each State’s Public Health Department. Health rankings were collected from “America’s Health Rankings” 2019 Annual report from the United Health Foundation. The U.S. News and World Report Education Rankings were utilized to provide information regarding the public education of each State. Exposure: Data were pulled on 3 separate dates: first on March 5th (baseline and pre-national emergency declaration (NED) for COVID-19), March 18th (week following NED), and March 25th (2 weeks after NED). In addition, a variable identifying the total change across platforms was also created. All data were collected at the State level. Main Outcome: Overall, the social media following of the state Public Health Departments was very low. There was a significant increase in the public interest in following the Public Health Departments during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: With the declaration of National Emergency, there was a 150% increase in overall public following of the State Public Health Departments in the U.S. The increase was most noted in the Midwest and South regions of the U.S. The overall following in the pandemic “hotspots,” such as New York, California, and Florida, was significantly lower. Interesting correlations were noted between various demographic variables, health, and education ranking of the States and the social media following of their Health Departments. Conclusion and Relevance: Social media following of Public Health Departments across all States of the U.S. was very low. Though, the social media following significantly increased during the early course of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it still remains low. Significant opportunity exists for Public Health Departments to improve social media use to engage the public better.

Race and attitudes toward police: the mediating effect of social distance

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joongyeup Lee ◽  
Jennifer C. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitudes Toward The Police

Purpose – Given the consistent finding in the literature that members of minority groups hold less favorable views of the police than white citizens, social distance may be an important, yet untested, mediator. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of social distance net of other established correlates. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of students attending a university in the northeastern USA completed an online survey in 2013. The survey was about their contact with the police, attitudes toward the police, and lifestyles, among others. Findings – Race, along with other predictors, significantly influenced confidence in police. However, race is the only factor that turns nonsignificant when social distance is included in the model. Mediation tests confirmed that social distance mediates the relationship between race and confidence in the police. Research limitations/implications – To maximize confidence in the police, administrators should focus on closing the social distance between the public and the police through initiatives like community policing. Originality/value – While there is extensive research on public attitudes toward the police, social distance has been neglected as a determinant, despite movements like community policing that promote citizens’ relational closeness to the police – that is, to decrease the social distance between police and the public. The current study would be an exploratory study and reference for future studies.

scholarly journals 5.2. НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ уровня средней заработной платы в сфере здравоохранения Иркутской области

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Erzhenin
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
State Level ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Public Monitoring

The implementation by regional authorities of the social decrees of the President of Russia adopted in May 2012 is considered in this study. Monitoring of the implementation of Presidential decrees, carried out by various regional state structures, provides the population of the region with a one-sided picture of achieving the targets set by decrees. One of the effective methods in obtaining reliable information is public monitoring, the importance of which has been repeatedly noted at the state level. To assess the implementation of the Presidents decree, according to which the salary of a certain category of personnel should be no less than the average in the region, the author, as a social activist, used data on the performance of institutions open for evaluation by the public and posted on the Official Website of the Russian Federation. At the stage of preliminary analysis, the author extracted data from photocopies of reports and presented in a structured form on the Internet for public study. The objects of observation in this work were the healthcare institutions of the Irkutsk region. The subject of the assessment was the average salary level for doctors and medical personnel. The approach to calculating indicators for assessing the achievement of the level of wages of certain categories of employees of the public sector defined by the relevant decree was based on the principle used in the analysis of differentiation of incomes of the population. The average wage, average modal and average median wage calculated on this principle not only confirmed the fact that the target indicators were not achieved, which is also reflected in the Rosstat data, but also indicated a significant gap between the minimum average wages and the maximum. Based on the data obtained, the author of the study concluded that the information published by the executive authorities of the Irkutsk region was unreliable, according to which the average wages of certain categories of health workers reached the average wage in the region. As a result of a public assessment of the average wage level, the opposite was established - only in half of the doctors and nurses of healthcare institutions in the Irkutsk Region the average wage in 2018 reached the levels established by the relevant decree. The approach proposed in the article to assessing the level of salaries in the healthcare sector can also be used to conduct a public assessment of the level of average salaries in the field of education and culture.В данном исследовании рассматриваются некоторые вопросы исполнения региональными органами власти социальных указов Президента РФ, принятых в мае 2012 г. Мониторинг исполнения осуществления указов Президента РФ, производимый различными региональными государственными структурами, представляет населению региона однобокую картину достижения целевых показателей, заданных указами. К одному из действенных методов в получении достоверной информации относится общественный мониторинг, о важности которого не раз отмечалось на государственном уровне. Для проведения оценки исполнения указа Президента РФ, согласно которому заработная плата определенной категории персонала должна быть не менее средней по региону, автором как общественником использовались открытые для оценки данные о результатах деятельности учреждений, размещенные на официальном сайте Федеральной службы государственной статистики. На этапе предварительного анализа автором были извлечены данные из фотокопий отчетов учреждений о средней заработной плате сотрудников учреждений за 2018 г. и представлены в структурированном виде в сети Интернет для общественного изучения. Объектами наблюдения в данной работе стали учреждения здравоохранения Иркутской области. Предметом оценки выбран уровень средней заработной платы врачей и медицинского персонала. В основу подхода к расчету показателей для оценки достижения уровня заработных плат отдельных категорий работников бюджетной сферы, определенных соответствующим указом, был положен принцип, используемый при анализе дифференциации доходов населения. Рассчитанные по этому принципу показатели средней заработной платы, средней модальной и средней медианной заработной платы не только подтвердили факт недостижения целевых показателей, отраженный также и в данных официального сайта для размещения информации о государственных (муниципальных) учреждениях, но и указали на значительный разрыв между минимальными средними зарплатами и максимальными. На основе полученных данных автором исследования были сделаны выводы о недостоверности публикуемых органами исполнительной власти Иркутской области сведений, согласно которым средние заработные платы отдельных категорий работников сферы здравоохранения достигли установленных указом целевых показателей в полном объеме. В результате проведенной общественной оценки уровня средней заработной платы было установлено обратное только у половины врачей и медсестер учреждений здравоохранения Иркутской области средняя заработная плата в 2018 г. достигла установленных соответствующим указом показателей. Предложенный в статье подход к оценке уровня заработных плат в сфере здравоохранения может также использоваться для проведения общественной оценки уровня средних заработных плат в сфере образования и культуры.

scholarly journals SOCIAL DISTANCES IN A MULTI ETHNIC REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Catalin-George FEDOR
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethnic And Cultural Identity ◽  
Qualitative Index

The paper presents the results of a sociological study conducted in some multiethnic communities situated in the central area of Moldova, Romania. Its main aim was to establish the ethnic identity of Catholic population in the villages of this region and to discover the way in which these communities build their ethnic and cultural identity. We used the scale of social distance, starting from the model developed by Bogardus (1925), which has become the most frequently used method of emphasizing the acceptance or isolation of social groups. We calculated the Social Distance Index (SDI) which highlights the number of social contact opportunities rejected by the respondent, the Social Contact Index (SCI) derived from the number of social contact opportunities accepted by the respondents, and the Qualitative Index of Social Contacts (QISC). The results are focused on ethnic aspects and local features of studied communities and the conclusions reveal the methods of ethnic self-defining for each community and their tendency to conserve local identity by refusing external influences that have an ideological stake.

scholarly journals NETWORK OF SOCIAL GROUPS OR LET'S HAVE A PARTY

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 511-520
Author(s):  
MARIAN BRANDAU ◽  
STEFFEN TRIMPER
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Stable Distribution ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Rapid Exchange ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Almost All

We present a simple model for growing up and depletion of parties due to the permanent communication between the participants of the events. Because of the rapid exchange of information, everybody is able to evaluate its own and all other parties by means of the list of its friends. Therefore, the number of participants at different parties can be changed incessantly. Depending on the depth of the social contacts, which will be characterized by a parameter α, a stable distribution of party members emerges. At a critical αc an abrupt depletion of almost all parties is observed and as the consequence all the people are assembled at a single party. The model is based on a hierarchical social network. The probability that a certain person is contacted by another one depends on the social distance introduced within the network and homophily parameter α.

Seeing Similarity or Distance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Wilton ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Lisa Giamo
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergroup Perception ◽  
Intergroup Perceptions ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces

Biracial individuals threaten the distinctiveness of racial groups because they have mixed-race ancestry, but recent findings suggest that exposure to biracial-labeled, racially ambiguous faces may positively influence intergroup perception by reducing essentialist thinking among Whites ( Young, Sanchez, & Wilton, 2013 ). However, biracial exposure may not lead to positive intergroup perceptions for Whites who are highly racially identified and thus motivated to preserve the social distance between racial groups. We exposed Whites to racially ambiguous Asian/White biracial faces and measured the perceived similarity between Asians and Whites. We found that exposure to racially ambiguous, biracial-labeled targets may improve perceptions of intergroup similarity, but only for Whites who are less racially identified. Results are discussed in terms of motivated intergroup perception.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

PENERAPAN PROSEDUR MEDIASI DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WAKAF DI PENGADILAN AGAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Syufaat Syufaat
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Proof ◽  
Religious Courts

Waqf has two dimensional meaning; the spiritual dimension that is taqarrub to Allah and the social dimension as the source of Islamic financial for the welfare of the people. Waqf disputes can be caused by several reasons; waqf land is not accompanied with a pledge; waqf is done on the basis of mutual trust so it has no legal proof and ownership. Currently, the choice to use the court is less effective in resolving disputes. Hence, the public ultimately chooses non-litigation efforts as a way to resolve the disputes. Mediation process is preferred by many as it is viewed to be the fairest way where none of the two parties wins or loses (win-win solution). It is also fast and cheap. This study is intended to examine how to solve waqf dispute with mediation model according to the waqf law, and how the application of mediation in the Religious Courts system

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