Imperatives of Social Policy in Times of Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
E. Sadovaya ◽  
I. Tsapenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Working Poverty

The crisis affecting Russia provokes risks of rising unemployment, reducing real incomes, growing poverty, worsening demographic situation and other negative social trends. It accentuates acute structural problems challenging future human development, threatening with social and economic degradation of Russia. Workforce employment structure by economic activity and occupation lacks economic efficiency and social reasonability. Poor state of labor protection results in high incidence of work accidents. Obsolete labor regulations prevent the employment adjustment to reindustrialization shocks. Huge and unfair gaps in workers remuneration by economic activity, region and occupation cause high income inequality. Low level of remuneration in many economic activities, including those contributing to modernization of economy, leads to high working poverty and low attractiveness of innovative sectors to workers. Persistent low fertility, high mortality and low life-spam engender unsupportable demographic development and risks of restarting depopulation. Uncontrolled immigration of unqualified workforce from developing Asian countries is a source of growing social, ethno-cultural and political tensions. There are risks of growing emigration and turning flows of adaptive migrants away from Russia to EU. Structural and institutional reforms are to be realized to counteract these problems and risks and overcome crisis. Such measures are to get over the unjustified unbalances in employment and remuneration distribution, to form new competences and professional attitudes and raise stability of demographic development, supply of labor resources and boost their productivity. These changes may create social premises for transition to economic growth of new quality based on frontier technologies, wide innovations and high human development. At the same time high-tech economy development poses challenges of high unemployment, and labor market policies are to maintain balance between the needs of conserving stable employment and realizing economic transformations. Solution of many acute national problems should be based of complex approach, supposing package type of measures and simultaneity of social and economic reforms.

scholarly journals THE ESSENCE OF COST AS AN ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC CATEGORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1(13) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Natalia Liba ◽  
◽  
Vasil Holovachko ◽  
Yaroslav Holubka ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Cost

The main purpose of the industrial enterprise is to ensure its sustainable development. This can be achieved by constantly seeking and implementing measures to improve the economic efficiency of management. Cost is one of the indicators that affects the efficiency of economic activity of the enterprise and its structural units. It concentrates the main indicators of economic and production activities, namely: the efficiency of financial, material, labor and other resources, and hence the quality of employees and the enterprise as a whole, their advantages, achievements and losses and shortcomings. Cost directly affects the profitability, profit and financial result of economic activity. The main aim of the article is the analysis and generalization of approaches to interpretations of the concept of cost, the role and importance of the cost indicator in production management, its place in the economic mechanism of management. Theoretical general scientific research methods (analysis, abstraction, generalization, classification, etc.) have been used. The article emphasizes that the cost should be understood as the value of the cost of resources used in the production and sale of products. The study showed that the cost, as a generalizing economic indicator, reflects all aspects of the enterprise: the degree of technological equipment of production and development of technological processes, the level of organization of production and labor, the degree of capacity utilization, economy of material and labor resources and other conditions and factors that characterize production and economic activities. The practical significance of the obtained results is to clarify the meaning of the concept of cost as a generalizing economic indicator. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine the feasibility of taking into account in the formation of the cost indicator not only the cost of resources used in the process of achieving certain goals, but also the costs associated with the risky, innovative nature of entrepreneurship. Further research will be aimed at finding new methods and factors to reduce the cost of production of enterprises in Ukraine. Keywords: cost, cost of production, cost of production, cost accounting

scholarly journals Financial and economic activity in agricultural enterprises: theoretical aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
S. B. Aldeshova ◽  
◽  
G. T. Akhmetova ◽  
M. S. Dariskaliyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Labor Resources

The goal is to show the specifics of conducting financial and economic activities in agricultural enterprises, which differs from other sectors of economy, which is more characterized by the assortment, volumes of products produced and sales in value terms, which is directly dependent on the quality, deterioration of production facilities, the availability of the necessary raw materials, materials, sales options. The following tasks were solved: problems of accounting in the entities of agricultural sphere were studied; identified difficulties in enhancing economic activity in farms of this sector; a system of measures is proposed to improve the efficiency of the use of land, production assets, material, financial and labor resources, reduce losses, increase the profitability of agricultural products and improve the financial and economic situation of farms, in the presence of extensive, promptly received information. The results of the analysis show that along with external factors (inflation, violation of parity of inter-industry exchange, effective demand, level of consumer income and other economic conditions of management), internal factors also have a great influence on financial and economic activities: optimization of the structure of assets, introduction of investment and innovation processes, technical and technological modernization of agricultural sector. Agricultural accounting helps to provide the necessary information on the progress of production processes, increase profitability and improve the quality of work. The main conclusions are that when organizing accounting in agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to provide the use of advanced information technologies, implementation of new opportunities for adaptation to the needs of various user groups, development of mechanisms for interaction with other programs. Effective agro-industrial production is possible only under the condition of a stable financial condition of economic entity.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanism of Strategic Management of Structural Transformations of the Economy of Cities of Regional Significance in Lviv Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
I. G. Babets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
City Development ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Strategic Goals

The article analyzes the content of development strategies of cities of region significance in Lviv region and identifies the lack of goals, objectives and measures to improve the sectoral structure of the economy, as well as the limited ability of local authorities to influence the structure of the cities’ economy with the help of instruments that provide tax preferences for enterprises of priority industries, investors, small and medium-sized businesses. In order to eliminate shortcomings in the strategic management of structural transformations of cities, directions of improvement of the existing institutional mechanism in terms of taxation of the investment, innovation and entrepreneurial activity of enterprises of priority sectors of the economy, investors who finance the development of high-tech industries and high-tech types of economic activity, as well as enterprises operating within special modes of economic activity, are proposed. It is substantiated that the introduction of real tax preferences for enterprises will ensure the implementation of effective structural policy at the local level, since the authorities will receive real levers to increase investment, innovative, entrepreneurial activity in priority sectors of the economy. In order to strengthen control and responsibility for the implementation of strategic tasks, it is proposed to use the problem-target method in strategic planning of city development, which, unlike the program-target approach, provides for a clear allocation of resources between the goals aimed at solving structural problems in the economy. As result of the study, the list of indicators of structural changes in the economy and the basic principles of establishing quantitative criteria for achieving strategic goals to improve the structure of the economy of cities of region significance are determined.

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

World experience in using the program-targeted planning methods for high-tech industry development

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Objectives

Subject. The article investigates the program-targeted planning methodology, which is implemented in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries, for high-tech industry development. Objectives. The aim is to identify the specifics of program-targeted planning for the development of high-tech industries, to shape programs and plans for innovative development in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods of systems analysis, including the statistical and logical analysis. Results. I reviewed methods of program-targeted planning, implemented by the world’s leading countries (the Russian Federation, United States of America, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Japan, Canada), in the interests of the development of various high-tech sectors of the economy. The study established that the methodology of program-targeted management is an effective tool for resource allocation by various types of economic activities in accordance with national priorities. I developed proposals by priority areas for improving the methodology for program-targeted planning and management in the Russian Federation in modern economic conditions. Conclusions. The findings and presented proposals can be used to improve methods for program-targeted planning to develop high-tech sectors of the economy; to design various long-term programs and plans, reducing the risk of their implementation; to determine the ways and methods of sustainable socio-economic and innovative and technological development of the world's leading economies.

Human potential in the system of social and economic development: problems and prospects of Vinnytsia region

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Olesya Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.

Estimation of economic specialization of Ukrainian regions in the context of global trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Economic Specialization

The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.

Research on the Economic Organization Environmental Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601
Author(s):  
Dan Paul Stefanescu ◽  
Oana Roxana Chivu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Alina Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects

Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document